scholarly journals A Type of HJM Based Affine Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Ye
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Affine Model

The Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (Nips) Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Blum ◽  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Richard Göllner ◽  
Tanja Lischetzke ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Nonlinear Interaction ◽  
European Association ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Precise Shape ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Broad Consensus

Despite the broad consensus in psychology that human behaviour is influenced by the interaction between characteristics of the person and characteristics of the situation, not much is known about the precise shape of this person–situation (P × S) interaction. To address this issue, we introduce and test the nonlinear interaction of person and situation (NIPS) model. The NIPS model can be applied to explain contradictory research results, offers a more accurate prediction of behaviour, and can be applied to any trait. In three studies and with three different analytical approaches, we test the NIPS model and its implications. In the pre–study, we test whether variability in participants’ behaviour is smaller in extreme aggression–provoking and jealousy–inducing situations than in moderate situations, suggesting the effect of ‘strong’ situations at the extremes of the situation continuum. In Studies 1 and 2, we test the nonlinear relation between person and situation variables in predicting behaviour in within–subject designs and provide support for the predictions of the NIPS model. Future lines of research with the NIPS model are discussed. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Hindsight Bias and Causal Attribution

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Hartmut Blank ◽  
Gernot von Collani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Covariation Analysis

Hindsight bias describes characteristic changes in the perceptions of events or facts once their outcomes are known. This article focuses on one important facet of this, named creeping determinism, denoting enhanced hindsight perceptions of the inevitability of event outcomes. We suggest a systematic link between the literatures on causal attribution and hindsight bias/creeping determinism and introduce a comprehensive causal model theory (CMT) of creeping determinism. We then distinguish between two alternative versions of CMT, which reflect recent debates in the causal attribution literature. These versions assume, respectively, that individuals make causal attributions by means of covariation analysis or via the discovery of some underlying mechanism. In order to contrast these assumptions, we introduce a new hypothesis concerning the magnitude of creeping determinism, based on the conjunction effect in causal attribution, and we present empirical evidence concerning this hypothesis.

scholarly journals The metamathematics of Putnam's model-theoretic arguments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Button
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Countable Models

Putnam famously attempted to use model theory to draw metaphysical conclusions. His Skolemisation argument sought to show metaphysical realists that their favourite theories have countable models. His permutation argument sought to show that they have permuted models. His constructivisation argument sought to show that any empirical evidence is compatible with the Axiom of Constructibility. Here, I examine the metamathematics of all three model-theoretic arguments, and I argue against Bays (2001, 2007) that Putnam is largely immune to metamathematical challenges.Philip Scowcroft has written a very useful review of this paper, on MathSciNet, MR2785345 (2012e:03005).Published in Erkenntnis 74.3: 321–49.

Challenges to the social motivation theory of autism: The dangers of counteracting an imprecise theory with even more imprecision

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Antonio Y. Hardan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
The Social

Abstract The arguments offered by Jaswal & Akhtar to counter the social motivation theory (SMT) do not appear to be directly related to the SMT tenets and predictions, seem to not be empirically testable, and are inconsistent with empirical evidence. To evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the SMT and identify scientifically testable alternatives, advances are needed on the conceptualization and operationalization of social motivation across diagnostic boundaries.

Integrating perspectives: How the development of second-personal competence lays the foundation for a second-personal morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Corbit ◽  
Chris Moore
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Competence ◽  
Triadic Interactions ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
Integrative Process

Abstract The integration of first-, second-, and third-personal information within joint intentional collaboration provides the foundation for broad-based second-personal morality. We offer two additions to this framework: a description of the developmental process through which second-personal competence emerges from early triadic interactions, and empirical evidence that collaboration with a concrete goal may provide an essential focal point for this integrative process.

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