The State of the Trading System, the WTO and the Doha Round

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ciuriak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Trading System

The Long and Winding Road – Path Towards Facilitation of Development in the WTO: Reflections on the Doha Round and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Gap

AbstractThe current multilateral trading system under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) displays a substantial development gap in the regulatory and institutional frameworks. The Doha Round negotiations, which was initiated to promote development interests under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), have not been concluded for over 14 years, raising doubts about the ability of the WTO system to promote development interests effectively. While the Doha Round was sluggish for a number of years, regional trade agreements, which currently include every WTO Member, have been proliferated, creating significant implications for developing countries. This article examines the development of the Doha Round, analyzes the causes of its impasse, and explores its future prospects. The article also discusses the development gap in the current trading system and advances reform proposals to fill the gap in the system.

Group of Twenty - Reinvigorating Trade to Support Growth

Policy Papers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Trade And Investment

Reinvigorating trade integration should be a key component of the global policy agenda to boost growth. Trade policy’s new frontiers such as services, regulatory cooperation, and trade and investment complementarities carry high potential to bolster efficiency and productivity. But with governments differing on whether to continue the WTO Doha Round, there is an urgent need to identify a path for the global trading system in today’s more complex trade policy landscape. A long interregnum without a path forward would risk fragmenting the global trade system and undermining its governance. Tackling trade policy issues important to the global economy may require flexible approaches to multilateral negotiations, including modalities such as plurilaterals. Enhanced coherence efforts are also needed to ensure that regional trade agreements and multilateralism coexist productively.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF THE PATENT AND THE PERIOD OF PROTECTION.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arga Ade Audiya
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
New Products ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The State ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Protection Period

Patent is a special right granted by the State to the inventor for the results of his invention in the field of technology, for a certain period of time implementing the invention himself or giving his approval to others to carry it out, types of patents namely patents and simple patents. Patents are exclusive rights granted by the state to inventors for the results of their inventions in the field of technology which for a certain period of time carry out their own or give approval to other parties to implement them while Simple Patents are any inventions in the form of new products or tools and practical utility the form, configuration, construction, or component can obtain legal protection in the form of a simple patent Patent Protection Period As known in Article 8 paragraph 1 of Law No. 14 of 2001 concerning Patents, the patent is granted for a period of 20 (twenty years) from the date of receipt and the period cannot be extended, whereas for a simple patent given for a period of 10 (ten years) from the date of receipt and the period cannot be extended. If the patent protection period has expired, an event will become a public domain so that other parties can freely produce and sell it. The rules regarding the validity period of the patent are intended so that no party can continuously control the entire industry so that it is feared that it can harm the community and the trading system.

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION REFORM: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
E. A. LUKASHIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Challenges

The world trade organization (WTO) has faced a number of challenges related to changing trends in the global trading system. In addition to the differences that have accumulated during the Doha round of trade negotiations, new issues need to be discussed, such as the regulation of e-Commerce, the revision of intellectual property rules, the need to tighten the rules on subsidies and public procurement, and improving the effectiveness of the Appeals body. Due to the rapid economic growth of a number of developing countries, it is necessary to redistribute the benefits provided and review the status of the organization's member countries. Outdated WTO rules do not meet the new challenges of the 21st century. The main problems faced by WTO members are analyzed, the positions of developed and developing countries are highlighted, and ways to resolve the organization's crisis are presented.

scholarly journals First Diagnose, Then Treat: What Ails the Doha Round?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
First Century ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Centre Of Gravity

AbstractThe commonplace tendency is to blame the difficulties of the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations on the World Trade Organization (WTO) itself. In contrast, I suggest in the first section of this article that exogenous structural factors, especially changing commodity prices and trade flows, fatally undermined the Round. In the second section, I discount the significance of endogenous institutional factors such as the number of participants, the size of the agenda, or the Single Undertaking, although design failures, notably in the ‘modalities’ for negotiation, did hurt. But what hurt even more was the way the WTO, in common with most multilateral organizations, has not caught up with the shifting centre of gravity in global governance. The trading system is no longer a transatlantic bargain. The regulatory issues on the twenty-first century trade policy agenda will inevitably be negotiated in Geneva, but only after a new trans-Pacific accommodation recognizes China's central role.

scholarly journals Energy and Trade in the Time of Destabilized Multilateralism: Innovative Economic Policies for the WTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Anna Lanoszka
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
World Trading System ◽  
Trade Deals

<p><em>The multilateral trade system has been in trouble for over a decade. The set of international trade agreements managed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has never meaningfully expanded beyond its 1990s founding package. Instead, since early 2000s bilateral trade deals done outside the WTO have multiplied. The WTO is better known today for the troubled trajectory of the unfinished Doha Round. The rhetoric of economic nationalism by the current US Administration does not help. It is time to consider new creative options before the world trading system becomes irreparably fragmented by politics. To this extent the following article advocates an initiative of creating an open plurilateral agreement on services related to energy sector under the framework of the WTO’s GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services). Energy security remains the key international issue. Initiating talks among interested countries on energy related services under GATS can move the WTO forward towards pragmatic solutions and encourage international cooperation on the critical economic matter. </em></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Local Industry and Producers’ and Disabled People’s Cooperatives in Increasing the Goods Turnover in Bashkiria in 1944 To 1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
A. Antoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
The State ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Trading Network ◽  
Production Plans

The article is dedicated to the work of local industries, and producers’ and disabled people’s cooperatives manufacturing consumer goods in Bashkiria in 1944 to 1945. The archive materials first introduced into the scientific scrutiny in this article show important contribution of producers’ and disabled people’s cooperation to the growth of the goods turnover in Bashkiria. During the Great Patriotic War, the centralized funds were reduced significantly. The turnover of the state-owned trading organizations and consumer cooperation dropped. Considerable resources were withdrawn to meet the urgent needs of the Army. These economic hardships necessitated the producers’ and disabled people’s cooperative societies to step in and by using local resources and industrial waste to make up for the shortage of consumer goods in the trading system of Bashkiria. Those goods were needed for satisfying the demand for consumer goods by local and evacuated people. The study showed different infringements of contractual arrangements between cooperatives and trading organizations. It disclosed the causes of the failure of production plans. There were cases of embezzling scarce goods, cases of self-supplying. Often the distribution of goods was performed outside the legal trading network. Inspections regularly found embezzlement and theft of significant amounts of produce. The conclusion is that the aforementioned set of infringements was one of the causes of the failure of the turnover plan in the state trading system in Bashkiria.

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