An Amicable Intercession: Juan Carlos I of Spain in the River Uruguay’s Pulp Mills International Dispute

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Luchi ◽  
Alberto Ariel Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mills ◽  
International Dispute

The solubility of calcium carbonate  in green liquor handling systems

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 595-602
Author(s):  
ALISHA GIGLIO ◽  
VLADIMIROS G. PAPANGELAKIS ◽  
HONGHI TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills ◽  
Salt Systems

The formation of hard calcite (CaCO3) scale in green liquor handling systems is a persistent problem in many kraft pulp mills. CaCO3 precipitates when its concentration in the green liquor exceeds its solubility. While the solubility of CaCO3 in water is well known, it is not so in the highly alkaline green liquor environment. A systematic study was conducted to determine the solubility of CaCO3 in green liquor as a function of temperature, total titratable alkali (TTA), causticity, and sulfidity. The results show that the solubility increases with increased temperature, increased TTA, decreased causticity, and decreased sulfidity. The new solubility data was incorporated into OLI (a thermodynamic simulation program for aqueous salt systems) to generate a series of CaCO3 solubility curves for various green liquor conditions. The results help explain how calcite scale forms in green liquor handling systems.

Toward Production of Bioethanol Using Pulp Rejects from Kraft Pulp Mills as Raw Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1248-1251
Author(s):  
Masanori Kishino ◽  
Ken Orihashi ◽  
Akira Harada
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills

Investigation of Cause in Pulp and Paper Environmental Effects Monitoring

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Monique G. Dubé ◽  
Sandra C. Ribey ◽  
Joseph M. Culp ◽  
Richard Lowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Metabolic Disruption ◽  
Environmental Effects Monitoring

Abstract Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Programs in Canada have been developed for the pulp and paper and metal mining industries. The EEM Program conducts cyclical evaluations of receiving environments to determine whether effects exist when facilities comply with existing regulations. Investigation of cause (IOC) is a specific stage in the EEM Program that is used after environmental effects in fish and/or benthos have been detected, confirmed and their extent and magnitude have been documented. This paper presents an overview of the processes associated with this phase of monitoring. The objective of an IOC is to obtain sufficient information so that the source of the effect can be identified and removed, or its effects reduced to an acceptable level. The initial direction of an IOC is dependent upon the type of response patterns observed for fish and/or benthos during EEM cycles and extent/magnitude studies. The framework presented in this paper is based on an amalgamation of research projects conducted at Canadian pulp mills over the last decade and selected studies are summarized as examples. It also represents an integration of several research philosophies and scientific disciplines. The framework is based on national response patterns from the second cycle of pulp and paper EEM studies. IOCs are directed into either an eutrophication-based investigation or a contaminant-based investigation (including metabolic disruption in fish). The framework is constructed with a progression of investigative levels designed to provide more information on the causative factors. Each of these phases also represents a decision point for stakeholders to determine if sufficient information has been attained about the causal factor(s) and whether the IOC should be concluded. It is expected that the framework will evolve with a growing knowledge base of causal factors, as facilities enter into this phase of the EEM Program.

Sources of Chlorophenolic Compounds to the Fraser River Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carey ◽  
J. H. Hart
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Main River

Abstract The identity and concentrations of chlorophenolic compounds in the Fraser River estuary were determined under conditions of high and low river flow at three sites: a site upstream from the trifurcation and at downstream sites for each main river arm. Major chlorophenolics present under both flow regimes were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and a compound tentatively identified as 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol (3,4,5-TCG). Under high flow conditions, concentrations of the guaiacols were higher than any of the Chlorophenols and concentrations of all five chlorophenolics appeared to correlate. Under low flow conditions, concentrations of chloroguaiacols were higher than Chlorophenols at the upstream site and at the downstream site on the Main Arm, whereas at the downstream site on the North Arm, concentrations of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP were higher than the chloroguaiacols in some samples. Overall, the results indicate that pulp mills upstream from the estuary are important sources of chlorophenolics to the estuary under all flow conditions. Additional episodic inputs of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP from lumber mills occur along the North Arm. When these inputs occur, they can cause the concentrations of Chlorophenols in the North Arm to exceed provisional objectives. If chloroguaiacols are included as part of the objective, concentrations of total chlorophenolics in water entering the estuary can approach and exceed these objectives, especially under low flow conditions.

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