Experimentation and Signal Dampening in Agency--The Ratchet Effect Revisited

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Jeitschko ◽  
Leonard J. Mirman ◽  
Egas M. Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
Signal Dampening

The Ratchet Effect: Theory and Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias D. Mahlendorf ◽  
Michal Matejka ◽  
Utz Schäffer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
Effect Theory

Performance Target Revisions in Incentive Contracts: Do Information and Trust Reduce Ratcheting and the Ratchet Effect?

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1755-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmijn C. Bol ◽  
Jeremy B. Lill
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Positive Performance ◽  
Confidentiality Agreement ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Performance Target

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine a setting where principals use past performance to annually revise performance targets, but do not fully incorporate the past performance information in their target revisions. We argue that this situation is driven by some principals and agents having an implicit agreement where the principal “allows” the agent to receive economic rents from positive performance-target deviations that are the result of superior effort or transitory gains by not revising targets upward, while the agent “accepts” target revisions by not restricting output when these revisions are the result of structural changes in the operation's true economic capacity. Although both the principal and the agent can benefit from an implicit agreement, we argue that for the implicit agreement to be maintainable, the principal either needs information on the cause of the performance-target deviation or there needs to be trust between the principal and the agent. Using archival data across multiple years and independent bank units, we find a pattern of ratchet attenuation and output restriction that is consistent with the existence of implicit agreements for those principal-agent dyads where information asymmetry is sufficiently reduced or mutual trust exists. Data Availability: Data used in this study cannot be made public due to a confidentiality agreement with the participating firm.

scholarly journals Selective Transport of Airborne Microparticles Through Micro-channels Under Microgravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Makhoul ◽  
Philippe Beltrame
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Bifurcation Analysis ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Microgravity Experiments ◽  
Particle Drift ◽  
Micro Channels

AbstractThis paper analyzes the possibility of obtaining the selective transport of microparticles suspended in air in a microgravity environment through modulated channels without net displacement of air. Using numerical simulation and bifurcation analysis tools, we show the existence of intermittent particle drift under the Stokes assumption of the fluid flow. The particle transport can be selective and the direction of transport is controlled only by the kind of pumping used. The selective transport is interpreted as a deterministic ratchet effect due to spatial variations in the flow and the particle drag. This ratchet phenomenon could be applied to the selective transport of metal particles during the short duration of microgravity experiments.

scholarly journals The dynamics of corruption with the ratchet effect

2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Pil Choi ◽  
Marcel Thum
Keyword(s):  
Ratchet Effect

Ratchet Effect and Particle Diffusion in an Underdamped Inhomogeneous Periodic Potential System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Shantu Saikia ◽  
◽  
Francis Iawphniaw
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Diffusion ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
External Bias ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Constructive Work ◽  
Random Fluctuations

Thermal fluctuations or noise assisted particle dynamics in a driven underdamped inhomogeneous periodic potential system is studied. This forms an archetypal model to study different Physical and Biological processes in the microscopic domain. The particles are shown to exhibit directed transport aided by these fluctuations without the application of any external bias. This phenomenon, also known as ratchet effect, is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which systems in the microscopic domain harnesses the energy of the random fluctuations to do constructive work. Also in the presence of random thermal fluctuations or noise, the particles undergo diffusion, the amount of which can be controlled by controlling the different parameters of the system. This can have important technological applications.

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