Role of Wholesale Trade in the Economy Of Franklin (PA) & Washington (MD) Counties

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Baker ◽  
David Lynn Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Trade

The Political Role of Trade Associations in Distributive Conflict Resolution

1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Assael
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Political ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Distributive Conflict ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Differing economic objectives among members of a channel of distribution often result in conflict in the system. This article reports on the role of retail and wholesale trade associations in resolving such conflicts. It is based on a comprehensive study of postwar distributive conflict and distinguishes between political resolution and internal or self-resolution of conflicts among channel members. Economic and environmental factors encouraging distributive trade associations to rely on political rather than self-resolution are considered. Maior legislative and internal initiatives to resolve conflict are cited.

Women as Merchants in Eighteenth-Century Northern Germany: The Case of Stralsund, 1750–1830

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Rabuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Port City ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Economic Profile

The purpose of this paper is to bring to our attention the important role of women in wholesale international commerce in eighteenth century northern Germany, using examples from Stralsund as a case study. (Stralsund, a port-city formerly in the Hanse, was at that time the capital of Swedish Pomerania and had a population, including garrison, of some 14,000 around 1800; it was an economic center of regional importance, specializing in the production of malt and the export of grain to Sweden and Western Europe). After sketching a social and economic profile of Stralsund's female merchants ca. 1750–1830, I will discuss the crucial issue of control, i.e., to what extent and how these women were able to operate independently within a political and legal system that favored men. In my conclusion, I suggest that women left, or were forced out of, the wholesale trade around 1850 as a result of political changes and a shift in the meaning of the concept of Bürger, rather than as a result of industrialization or market expansion. Throughout, I consider whether my observations about female merchants in Stralsund have any wider validity by comparing them with research on the commerce of other ports in Northern Europe and in North America.

scholarly journals Wholesale trade of consumer cooperation in the system of goods movement of the country

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Arustamov
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
In The Beginning

In the beginning of article the essence and value of process of commodity movement is considered, the role of trade in it, including trade of consumer cooperation is revealed. Further in the article the role of wholesale trade in the sphere of commodity circulation is considered. Their intermediary role between the spheres of material production and consumption of goods is emphasized. The theoretical essence of wholesale and retail trade in the process of commodity movement is revealed. Further the sequence of development of theoretical validity of these economic categories in various periods of formation of domestic science is considered. According to the author, wholesale trade is a type of entrepreneurial activity in the field of trade associated with the sale of goods by manufacturers or Resellers for further use in retail trade or for professional use. In the context of the study of wholesale trade in the system of consumer cooperation, we prefer the first part of this definition.

scholarly journals The Main Trends of the Internal Trade and Prospect Direction of Its Development in the Republic of Belarus

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. Z. Korobkin ◽  
A. Ya. Yakimik
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Trading Network ◽  
Internal Trade

In the proposed article brief assessment of current state of retail trade of the Republic of Belarus is carried out with the use of state statistical monitoring materials, as well as, tendencies and perspective directions of its development are defined. Research starts with determination of internal trade development tendencies at the beginning of the 21st century under the conditions of world consumer market globalization, the main of which are state regulation growth of food safety and quality of goods; increasing role of trade in formation of manufactured goods assortment; further differentiation of trade forms; expansion of distribution channels by trade companies, including Internet trading; strengthening importance of innovation in trade; increasing role of trade as a factor of region's investment prospects. Estimation of dynamics of retail trade volumes of the Republic of Belarus from 1990 till 2016 at current and comparable prices was made. The main part of the article concentrates on study of current state of trade of the Republic of Belarus over recent years. Tendencies of actual change in its volumes are revealed, as well as, under the influence of price factor. Cost indicators of trade volumes are shown both in national currency of the Republic of Belarus and in US dollars for perception convenience of a foreign reader. The article examines goods and organizational structure of trade volumes, structure of trade according to forms of ownership and volumes of trade organizations. Tendencies of domestic and imported goods sales, electronic trading development, as well as, sales with the use of bank cards have been identified. Separate section of the article explores retail trade of consumer cooperatives, which is currently one of the most significant trading systems of the Republic of Belarus. In addition, the article provides a brief state analysis of retail trade network and wholesale trade. In conclusion of the article the main trends in development of internal trade of the Republic of Belarus are revealed, as well as, perspective directions of its development are determined, the main of which are growth of private property ratio in number of trade organizations of both retail and wholesale trade; in number of retail facilities and sales volumes; growth of retail sales in current prices and its decline in comparable prices; growth of sales share of food products in total sales volumes; increase of electronic trading and trade with the use of bank cards ratio; increase of ratio of employment in trade; improving of trading network typification and specialization; improving of assortment policy; further development of discounters; development of network trading in district centers and rural areas; growth of electronic trading volumes.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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