The Regulation of Undersea Cables and Landing Stations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison N Gillwald ◽  
Steve Esselaar ◽  
Ewan Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Undersea Cables

scholarly journals 20,000 In League Under the Sea: Anonymous Communication, Trust, MLATs, and Undersea Cables

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Jaggard ◽  
Aaron Johnson ◽  
Sarah Cortes ◽  
Paul Syverson ◽  
Joan Feigenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous System ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Anonymous Communication ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Correlation Attacks ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Undersea Cables

Abstract Motivated by the effectiveness of correlation attacks against Tor, the censorship arms race, and observations of malicious relays in Tor, we propose that Tor users capture their trust in network elements using probability distributions over the sets of elements observed by network adversaries. We present a modular system that allows users to efficiently and conveniently create such distributions and use them to improve their security. To illustrate this system, we present two novel types of adversaries. First, we study a powerful, pervasive adversary that can compromise an unknown number of Autonomous System organizations, Internet Exchange Point organizations, and Tor relay families. Second, we initiate the study of how an adversary might use Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) to enact surveillance. As part of this, we identify submarine cables as a potential subject of trust and incorporate data about these into our MLAT analysis by using them as a proxy for adversary power. Finally, we present preliminary experimental results that show the potential for our trust framework to be used by Tor clients and services to improve security.

Transnational News Flows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Kishan Thussu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Online News ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The West ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
American Media ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Undersea Cables

The international flow of news has traditionally been dominated by that from North to South, with the West being at the core. Within the West itself, news flow is dominated by Anglo-American media, a situation which has its roots in the way that journalism developed historically. The historical context of global news begins with the introduction of the telegraph and undersea cables in the nineteenth century, which created a global market for news. Major players emerged—including news agencies—and shaped the transnational news flows. What emerges is that, in all ages, key innovations in transnational news flows have been closely linked to commerce, geopolitics, and war, from the telegraph to online news outlets. The increasing availability and use of news media, from major non-Western countries, are now affecting transnational news flows. Global journalism has been transformed in the digital age by internet-based communication and the rise of digital media opportunities—allowing for multi-directional news flows for growing global news audiences.

Old Media, New Media, and the Complex Story of Disasters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Greenberg ◽  
T. Joseph Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Real Material ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Undersea Cables

Media have always played an important role in times of emergency and disaster. Undersea cables, international news agencies, the press, radio and television, and, most recently, digital and mobile technologies—all have played myriad and complex roles in supporting emergency response and notification, and in helping constitute a shared experience that can be important to social mobilization and community formation. The geographical location of disasters and the identities of victims, the increasingly visual nature of disaster events, and the ubiquitous nature of media in our lives, all shape and influence which kinds of emergencies attract global media and public attention, and how we come to understand them. Globalization has compressed time and space such that a whole range of disasters—from natural events (cyclones, earthquakes, and hurricanes) to industrial accidents and terrorist attacks—appear on our television and mobile screens with almost daily frequency. There is nothing inherent about these events that give them meaning—they occur in a real, material world; but for many of us, our experience of these events is shaped and determined in large part by our interactions with media industries, institutions, and technologies. Understanding the media’s construction of these events as disasters provides important insight into the nature of disaster mitigation, response and recovery.

Structural Modeling of Undersea Cables

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Undersea Cables ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nonlinearly Elastic

A structural model for undersea cables is described. This model has been implemented in a computer-aided design program with the capability to determine cable deformations and internal stresses in response to applied loads including tension, twist, bending, pressure and enforced displacements. Complex geometries and nonlinearly elastic material properties can also be treated. Results of a comprehensive series of physical cable tests to validate the computer code are reported.

Investigation on transient dynamic behaviors of low-tension undersea cables

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-feng Huo ◽  
Bao-heng Yao ◽  
Bin Fu ◽  
Lian Lian
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviors ◽  
Transient Dynamic ◽  
Undersea Cables ◽  
Low Tension

Thinking through silicon: Cables and servers as epistemic infrastructures

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482097719
Author(s):  
Luke Munn
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Data Center ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Undersea Cables

Data centers and undersea cables allow information to be transmitted, stored, and processed. Yet, more than passively housing knowledge, information infrastructures actively shape knowledge. Infrastructures facilitate a certain use case, privileging some forms of knowledge while ignoring others. And infrastructures are material investments by states or corporations at a particular site, solidifying their knowledge-production, while marginalizing alternatives. These conditions are exemplified by two sites in Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong. The TKO Express is a private undersea cable that offers its clients high-speed connectivity between financial centers, supporting the “fast knowledge” of finance and trading, while ignoring slower or more social forms of intelligence. The TKOIE industrial estate allocated land to a data center rather than a community center, prioritizing the production of corporate, proprietary knowledge over local and communal knowledge. The article reworks the concept of epistemic infrastructures to stress how such facilities influence what can be known and what remains unknown.

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