Second Best Element Rationalizability of Choice Functions with General Domain

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taposik Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Choice Functions ◽  
General Domain ◽  
Second Best

scholarly journals SOCIAL CHOICE AND JUST INSTITUTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC FLEURBAEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Impossibility Theorem ◽  
Choice Functions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Interpersonal Comparisons ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Social Choice Functions

It has become accepted that social choice is impossible in the absence of interpersonal comparisons of well-being. This view is challenged here. Arrow obtained an impossibility theorem only by making unreasonable demands on social choice functions. With reasonable requirements, one can get very attractive possibilities and derive social preferences on the basis of non-comparable individual preferences. This new approach makes it possible to design optimal second-best institutions inspired by principles of fairness, while traditionally the analysis of optimal second-best institutions was thought to require interpersonal comparisons of well-being. In particular, this approach turns out to be especially suitable for the application of recent philosophical theories of justice formulated in terms of fairness, such as equality of resources.

Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette W. Langdon ◽  
Terry Irvine Saenz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

Is First Rate Daycare Still Second Best?

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA-BETH DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Second Best

The U. S. Dollarization Approach to Regional Currency Consolidation: Second-Best in the Short Run, Doomed in the Long Run

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (119) ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Von Furstenberg ◽  
Alexander Volbert
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Monetary Unions ◽  
International Currency ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Free Movement Of Capital

Free movement of capital and trade in financial services are driving regional currency consolidation. We compare the relative merits of adopting an international currency unilaterally or multilaterally. While EMU is the exemplar of the multilateral approach characterized by assured seignior age sharing and co-management of the joint monetary asset, unilateral monetary unions are represented by the proposed formal dollarization of some countries in Latin America. This paper finds that while such dollarization could be useful for the period ahead, it carries the seeds of its own destruction because peripheral countries that lose their currency need not support this one-sided arrangement indefinitely

scholarly journals Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Processing of Negations: A Neural Reuse Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beltrán ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Manuel de Vega
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
General Domain ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Reuse ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractNegation is known to have inhibitory consequences for the information under its scope. However, how it produces such effects remains poorly understood. Recently, it has been proposed that negation processing might be implemented at the neural level by the recruitment of inhibitory and cognitive control mechanisms. On this line, this manuscript offers the hypothesis that negation reuses general-domain mechanisms that subserve inhibition in other non-linguistic cognitive functions. The first two sections describe the inhibitory effects of negation on conceptual representations and its embodied effects, as well as the theoretical foundations for the reuse hypothesis. The next section describes the neurophysiological evidence that linguistic negation interacts with response inhibition, along with the suggestion that both functions share inhibitory mechanisms. Finally, the manuscript concludes that the functional relation between negation and inhibition observed at the mechanistic level could be easily integrated with predominant cognitive models of negation processing.

The impact of a music education program on meta-musical awareness, logical-mathematical, and notational skills in preschoolers

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142110272
Author(s):  
Oriana Incognito ◽  
Laura Scaccioni ◽  
Giuliana Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
General Domain ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

A number of studies suggest a link between musical training and both specific and general cognitive abilities, but despite some positive results, there is disagreement about which abilities are improved. This study aims to investigate the effects of a music education program both on a domain-specific competence (meta-musical awareness), and on general domain competences, that is, cognitive abilities (logical-mathematical) and symbolic-linguistic abilities (notational). Twenty 4- to 6-year-old children participated in the research, divided into two groups (experimental and control) and the measures were administered at two different times, before and after a 6-month music program (for the experimental group) and after a sports training program (for the control group). Children performed meta-musical awareness tasks, logical-mathematical tasks, and emergent-alphabetization tasks. Non-parametric statistics show that a music program significantly improves the development of notational skills and meta-musical awareness while not the development of logical-mathematical skills. These results show that a musical program increases children’s meta-musical awareness, and their ability to acquire the notational ability involved in the invented writing of words and numbers. On the contrary, it does not affect the development of logical skills. The results are discussed in terms of transfer of knowledge processes and of specific versus general domain effects of a musical program.

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