scholarly journals Long-Term Absenteeism and Moral Hazard - Evidence from a Natural Experiment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas R. Ziebarth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Natural Experiment

scholarly journals Behavioral medicine challenges in the shadow of a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa T Brooks ◽  
Hannah K Allen ◽  
Louise Thornton ◽  
Tracy Trevorrow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Health behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior. These realities, while daunting, should call us to action to refocus and retool our research, prevention, and intervention efforts

scholarly journals Moral Hazard and Claims Deterrence in Private Disability Insurance

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
Mark Duggan ◽  
Jonathan Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Over Time

Exploiting within-firm, over-time variation in plan parameters for nearly 10,000 Long Term Disability (LTD) policies held by US employers, we present the first empirical analysis of the determinants of private LTD spells. We find that a shorter waiting period and a higher replacement rate increase the incidence of LTD spells. Sixty percent of the latter effect is due to the mechanical censoring of shorter spells, with the remainder due to the deterrence of spells that would have continued beyond the waiting period. Deterrence is driven primarily by a reduction in the incidence of shorter duration spells and less severe disabilities. (JEL D82, G22, J28, J32)

scholarly journals The Impact of Green Credit on the Green Innovation Level of Heavy-Polluting Enterprises—Evidence from China

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Duan ◽  
Shuangshuang Shan ◽  
Qingzhi Liu ◽  
Wenhui Geng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Corporate Credit ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This article uses the “Green Credit Guidelines” promulgated in 2012 as an example to construct a quasi-natural experiment and uses the double difference method to test the impact of the implementation of the “Green Credit Guidelines” on the green innovation activities of heavy-polluting enterprises. The study found that, in comparison to non-heavy polluting enterprises, the implementation of green credit policies inhibited the green innovation of all heavy-polluting enterprises. In the analysis of heterogeneity, this restraint effect did not differ significantly due to the nature of property rights and the company’s size. The mechanism test showed that green credit policy limits the efficiency of business investment and increases the cost of financing business debt. Eliminating corporate credit financing, particularly long-term borrowing, negatively impacts the green innovation behavior of listed companies.

scholarly journals Do the Green Credit Guidelines Affect Renewable Energy Investment? Empirical Research from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9331
Author(s):  
Kexian Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zimei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Investment

How to promote renewable energy investment is central to energy transformation and green development. To take China’s “green credit guidelines” policy as a quasi-natural experiment, we investigate the impacts of green credit policy on renewable energy investment. Using the samples of 1021 Chinese listed enterprises during 2007–2017, we find that: Firstly, the introduction of the green credit guidelines has promoted renewable energy investment. Secondly, short-term debts play a mediating role in the impacts of green credit guidelines on renewable energy investment, while long-term debts play a masking role, and financing constraints do not play a significant role. Thirdly, the heterogeneous impacts on renewable energy investment are reflected in different ownerships and enterprise scales, with significant impacts on the state-owned enterprises and small ones.

scholarly journals Institutional Transplant and Cultural Proximity: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Prussia

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1093
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Lecce ◽  
Laura Ogliari
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Institutions

This article presents evidence that cultural proximity between the exporting and the receiving countries positively affects the adoption of new institutions and the resulting long-term economic outcomes. We obtain this result by combining new information on pre-Napoleonic principalities with county-level census data from nineteenth-century Prussia. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment generated by radical Napoleonic institutional reforms and the deeply rooted cultural heterogeneity across Prussian counties. We show that institutional reforms in counties that are culturally more similar to France, in terms of religious affiliation, generate better long-term economic performance.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Long Term Mental Health

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Younoh Kim ◽  
James Manley ◽  
Vlad Radoias
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
It Education ◽  
Pollution Exposure

We study the long-term consequences of air pollution on mental health, using a natural experiment in Indonesia. We find that exposure to severe air pollution has significant and persistent consequences on mental health. An extra standard deviation in the pollution index raises the probability of clinical depression measured 10 years past exposure by almost 1%. Women in particular seem to be more affected, but some effects persist for men as well. Pollution exposure increases the likelihood of clinical depression for women and also the severity of depressive symptoms for both sexes. It is not clear if men are more resistant to pollution or they simply recover faster from it. Education, perceived economic status, and marriage seem to be the best mitigators for these negative effects.

scholarly journals Is natural experiment a cure? Re-examining the long-term health effects of China's 1959–1961 famine

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Lydia Li ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Jinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment
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