Wage Discrimination Measurement: In Defense of a Simple but Informative Statistical Tool

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Breton ◽  
Alessandra Michelangeli ◽  
Eugenio Peluso
Keyword(s):  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Statistical Tool

Pengaruh Pengalaman Usaha Dan Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Khoirunnisa Cahya Firdarini
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Accounting information has an important role to achieve business success, as well as for small businesses.This research examines the effect of business experience and accounting information system used toward business success with age of business as control variable. The population of this research are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in creative industries sector operated in Yogyakarta district. Based on purposive sampling method, total sample of this research is 200 SMEs. Statistical tool utilized to test the hypothesis in this study is path analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM). The test result shows that business experience and accounting information have positive and significant effect to the success of SMEs.

Collection of Value Added Tax in Kosovo and Its Effect on Economic Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Teki Shala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Significance

The revenue collected from the value added tax constitutes the main income of the Kosovo government. For this reason, this research has a great importance in the formulation of effective policies in Kosovo that will subsequently improve the efficiency of tax collection of Value Added and growing fiscal and budgetary stability. This research it will have a descriptive analysis of the trends of VAT collection in Kosovo from 2005- 2015 years using different analytical techniques to examine trends and data structure over the years. We have used two types of analysis; One is the descriptive analysis of trends and the other is the contrast of the descriptive analysis of trends that is the econometric technique used to analyze the VAT effect on economic growth in Kosovo. The source of data for this study is secondary through the Annual Financial Report of the Ministry of Finance of Kosovo and the IMF. In order to analyze the data generated for the study, the statistical tool utilized is OLS technique (multiple regression). One of the key findings in the collection of VAT has been its dependence on the border. Revenue collection is among the most pressing problems and such situation does not guarantee a country's budgetary stability. Also, based on the findings we noted that the VAT share of the gathering in gross domestic product of the Interior of the country has been low compared to other countries in Europe developing, reflecting a low level of economic development. Also from econometric analysis is confirmed that the regression coefficient shows that we have a VAT impact on GDP in Kosovo, because the level of significance is .000, or includes the rate of 1%. Also, the correlation between VAT and GDP shows a strong positive relationship, or statistically interpreted with the increase of VAT, will increase the GDP of Kosovo, these two elements conclude that VAT has a significant impact on economic growth in Kosovo. Furthermore, this research highlight some key issues that policy makers should consider dealing with the collection and effective use of revenue collected from VAT, to improve growth.

A stochastic model for two-station hydraulics exhibiting transient impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobsen ◽  
H. Madsen ◽  
P. Harremoès
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Deterministic Description ◽  
Linear Reservoir

The objective of the paper is to interpret data on water level variation in a river affected by overflow from a sewer system during rain. The simplest possible, hydraulic description is combined with stochastic methods for data analysis and model parameter estimation. This combination of deterministic and stochastic interpretation is called grey box modelling. As a deterministic description the linear reservoir approximation is used. A series of linear reservoirs in sufficient number will approximate a plug flow reactor. The choice of number is an empirical expression of the longitudinal dispersion in the river. This approximation is expected to be a sufficiently good approximation as a tool for the ultimate aim: the description of pollutant transport in the river. The grey box modelling involves a statistical tool for estimation of the parameters in the deterministic model. The advantage is that the parameters have physical meaning, as opposed to many other statistically estimated, empirical parameters. The identifiability of each parameter, the uncertainty of the parameter estimation and the overall uncertainty of the simulation are determined.

The SORS Decision-Making Support System: A statistical tool for better policy making in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovačević ◽  
Katarina Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trusted Data

Modern society is witnessing a data revolution which necessarily entails changes to the overall behavior of citizens, governments and companies. This is a big challenge and an opportunity for National Statistics Offices (NSOs). Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, when the public debate about the number of mortalities and tested and infected persons escalated, trusted data is required more than ever. Which data can modern society trust? Are modern societies being subjected to opinion rather than fact? This paper introduces a new statistical tool to facilitate policy-making based on trusted statistics. Using economic indicators to illustrate implementation, the new statistical tool is shown to be a flexible instrument for analysis, monitoring and evaluation of the economic situation in the Republic of Serbia. By taking a role in public policy management, the tool can be used to transform the NSO’s role in the statistical system into an active participant in public debate in contrast to the previous traditional, usually passive role of collecting, processing and publishing data. The tool supports the integration of statistics into public policies and connects the knowledge and expertise of official statisticians on one side with political decision makers on the other.

scholarly journals Economic Complexity and Human Development: Moderated by Logistics and International Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Emilie Sophie Le Caous ◽  
Fenghueih Huarng
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

Living in a world where we can expand our economic wealth and the richness of human life is the core of the human development concept. Greater well-being for all can be achieved by improving people’s capabilities and more importantly, by giving individuals the ability to use their knowledge and skills. The economic complexity index (i.e., ECI) is a new indicator that defines a country’s complexity. Through a vast network, citizens can transfer an enormous quantity of relevant knowledge, leading to the creation of diversified and complex products. However, the relationship between economic complexity and human development is not that simple. Thus, this paper aimed to understand it deeper—international migration and logistics performance are used as moderators. Hierarchical linear modeling was the statistical tool used to analyze two groups of countries from 1990 to 2017. For robustness and to deal with possible endogeneity issues, different year lags were also included. The results show that international migration and logistics performance are decisive moderators as they change the relationship between economic complexity and human development.

scholarly journals Modelling natural regeneration of European beech in Saxony, Germany: identifying factors influencing the occurrence and density of regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Axer ◽  
Sven Martens ◽  
Robert Schlicht ◽  
Sven Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

scholarly journals The Level of Knowledge and Awareness About Sex and Reproductive Health Among Adolescents in Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182198992
Author(s):  
Mohmad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Time Awareness

Background: A human body keeps changing physiologically, biologically, and psychologically from birth to death. There is always a change in all human faculties. But adolescence is a phase earmarked where a human body experiences drastic changes among all these faculties. And any such bodily change carrying baggage of shame, insecurity, stigma, and concealment demands on-time awareness and intervention. Aim: The aim of the study is to understand the knowledge and level of awareness regarding sexual and reproductive health among the school-going adolescents of Kashmir Valley where majority of the population belongs to Muslim conservative culture. Methodology: Due to COVID-19 lockdown, the inability of access to schools and children gave the researcher the opportunity to utilize the alternate places and a total of 550 students from classes 8, 9, and 10 were selected for the purpose. The permission was sought from the respective teachers and then the parents. The sample was a combination of boys and girls, students from both private and government-run schools. The researcher collected the data and it was tabulated systematically and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. P value was evaluated by using an application “P Value: A Statistical Tool” from Play Store. Results and Conclusion: The results depicted that higher the level of class, more the knowledge they had about the matter. Girls had a little knowledge about sexual and reproductive health than boys. This study felt a dire need of educating both parents and adolescent boys and girls regarding sexual health. The shame does not lie in educating the children but in the mishaps that may result due to unawareness about the same.

scholarly journals Regression Models in Complex Survey Sampling for Sensitive Quantitative Variables

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
María del Mar Rueda ◽  
Beatriz Cobo ◽  
Antonio Arcos
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Randomized Response ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
World Survey ◽  
Sensitive Variable

Randomized response (RR) techniques are widely used in research involving sensitive variables, such as drugs, violence or crime, especially when a population mean or prevalence must be estimated. However, they are not generally applied to examine relationships between a sensitive variable and other characteristics. This type of technique was initially applied to qualitative variables, and studies later showed that a logistic regression may be performed with RR data. Since many of the variables considered in this context are quantitative, RR techniques were extended to these cases to estimate the values required. Regression analysis is a valuable statistical tool for exploring relationships among variables and for establishing associations between responses and covariates. In this article, we propose a design-based regression analysis for complex sample designs based on the unified RR approach. We present estimators of the regression coefficients, study their theoretical properties and consider different ways to estimate their variance. The properties of these estimation techniques were simulated using various quantitative randomized models. The method proposed was also used to analyse the findings from a real-world survey.

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