scholarly journals The Wick in the Candle of Learning: Epistemic Curiosity Activates Reward Circuitry and Enhances Memory

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Kang ◽  
Ming Hsu ◽  
Ian M. Krajbich ◽  
George F. Loewenstein ◽  
Samuel M. McClure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Epistemic Curiosity

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Several Neurotransmitters in PFC-NAc-VTA Neural Circuit for the Anti-Depression Effect of Shuganheweitang in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110024
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yuanchun Ma ◽  
Xiongjun Mou ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Hao Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Depression, a major worldwide mental disorder, leads to massive disability and can result in death. The PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit is related to emotional, neurovegetative, and cognitive functions, which emerge as a circuit-level framework for understanding reward deficits in depression. Neurotransmitters, which are widely distributed in different brain regions, are important detected targets for the evaluation of depression. Shuganheweitang (SGHWT) is a popular prescription in clinical therapy for depression. In order to investigate its possible pharmacodynamics and anti-depressive mechanism, the complex plant material was separated into different fractions. These in low and high doses, along with low and high doses of SGHWT were tested in animal behavior tests. The low and high doses of SGHWT were more effective than the various fractions, which indicate the importance of synergistic function in traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, amino acid (GABA, Glu) and monoamine neurotransmitters (DA, 5-HT, NA, 5-HIAA) in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit were investigated by UPLC-MS/MS. The level trend of DA and 5-HT were consistent in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit, whereas 5-HIAA was decreased in the PFC, Glu was decreased in the PFC and VTA, and NA and GABA were decreased in the NAc. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of depression is associated with dysfunction of the PFC-NAc-VTA neural circuit, mainly through the neural projection effects of neurotransmitters associated with various brain regions in the neural circuit. PCA and OPLS-DA score plots demonstrated the similarities of individuals within each group and the differences among the groups. In this study, SGHWT could regulate the concentration level of different neurotransmitters in the PFC-NAc-VTA neuro circuit to improve the depression, which benefitted from the recognition of the brain reward circuitry in mood disorders.

Beyond the Reward Pathway: Coding Reward Magnitude and Error in the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 2526-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Lardeux ◽  
Remy Pernaud ◽  
Dany Paleressompoulle ◽  
Christelle Baunez
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Reward Delivery ◽  
Reward Pathway ◽  
Subthalamic Neurons ◽  
The Brain

It was recently shown that subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesions affect motivation for food, cocaine, and alcohol, differentially, according to either the nature of the reward or the preference for it. The STN may thus code a reward according to its value. Here, we investigated how the firing of subthalamic neurons is modulated during expectation of a predicted reward between two possibilities (4 or 32% sucrose solution). The firing pattern of neurons responding to predictive cues and to reward delivery indicates that STN neurons can be divided into subpopulations responding specifically to one reward and less or giving no response to the other. In addition, some neurons (“oops” neurons) specifically encode errors as they respond only during error trials. These results reveal that the STN plays a critical role in ascertaining the value of the reward and seems to encode that value differently depending on the magnitude of the reward. These data highlight the importance of the STN in the reward circuitry of the brain.

Modulation of Brain Reward Circuitry by Leptin

Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 287 (5450) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Brain Reward

Cortisol administration induces global down-regulation of the brain's reward circuitry

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella R. Montoya ◽  
Peter A. Bos ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Lisa A. Rosenberger ◽  
Jack van Honk
Keyword(s):  
Down Regulation ◽  
Reward Circuitry

scholarly journals Engineering Safer Psychedelics for Treating Addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110338
Author(s):  
Jamie Peters ◽  
David E Olson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Reward Circuitry

Addiction is best described as a disorder of maladaptive neuroplasticity involving the simultaneous strengthening of reward circuitry that drives compulsive drug seeking and weakening of circuits involved in executive control over harmful behaviors. Psychedelics have shown great promise for treating addiction, with many people attributing their therapeutic effects to insights gained while under the influence of the drug. However, psychedelics are also potent psychoplastogens—molecules capable of rapidly re-wiring the adult brain. The advent of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens with anti-addictive properties raises the intriguing possibility that hallucinations might not be necessary for all therapeutic effects of psychedelic-based medicines, so long as the underlying pathological neural circuitry can be remedied. One of these non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, tabernanthalog (TBG), appears to have long-lasting therapeutic effects in preclinical models relevant to alcohol and opioid addiction. Here, we discuss the implications of these results for the development of addiction treatments, as well as the next steps for advancing TBG and related non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens as addiction therapeutics.

scholarly journals Dopamine-related striatal neurophysiology is associated with specialization of frontostriatal reward circuitry through adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 101997
Author(s):  
Ashley C. Parr ◽  
Finnegan Calabro ◽  
Bart Larsen ◽  
Brenden Tervo-Clemmens ◽  
Samuel Elliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward Circuitry

Hindi I/D Epistemic Curiosity Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampada Karandikar ◽  
Hansika Kapoor ◽  
Jordan Litman
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Curiosity
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