Legal Services and the GATS: Norms as Barriers to Trade

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Legal Services

Strengthening the Independenceof the Attorneys’ community in Russia: The Demand of the Population and Business, Human capital, and Professional Associations

2015 ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kazun
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dependent Position

The article analyzes social and economic factors that provide Russian attorneys an opportunity to compensate the institutional weakness of their profession, to protect the independency and effectively defend the interests of the clients. As an indicator of dependent position of attorney we use the proportion of cases with plea bargaining. Using the date of representative nationwide survey of 3317 attorneys in Russia we conclude that the independence of attorney is associated with‘resources for confrontation’: previous experience, client’s demand for legal services, communication with colleagues and membership in professional associations.

Shadow Services and Legal Services

Soviet Review ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
T. I. Koriagina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Services

Imperfect Duty: Lawyers’ Obligation to Foster Access to Justice

2008 ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Special Obligation ◽  
Legal Market ◽  
Integral Component

Access to justice is an integral component of the legal system. However, the question of upon whose shoulders the obligation of ensuring this access should fall has been widely debated. In particular, do lawyers, as part ofthe legalprofession, have a special obligation to foster access to justice? In this article, the author explores the legitimacy of various arguments with respect to whether lawyers should carry this obligation to a greater extent than other members of society. The author begins by critiquing the traditional arguments related to imposing such an obligation on lawyers — for instance, the refined monopoly arguments. She then goes on to critically consider an alternative argument: that imperfections in the marketfor legal services justify the existence of a special obligation for lawyers. An examination of the limitations of this justification follows. Overall, the author concludes that while the arguments arising from imperfections in the legal market offer the best justification for seeing lawyers have a special obligation to ensure access tojustice, the claims from the argument are modest ones, and any policy response in furtherance of such an obligation should be similarly modest.

On Introducing New Information Technologies in Jurisprudence

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Mitin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
New Information ◽  
Legal Space

The article discusses the possibilities of automation of legal activities. Special attention is paid to the new branch of the business LegalTech, which allows providing legal services using information technology. Some projects in this area are briefly described: FreshDoc document designer, VideoContract app, and electronic trading platforms such as Legal Space and Pravoved.Ru. Although the legal community is not quite ready to work in such conditions, higher education institutions are already reforming their curricula, developing disciplines that allow gaining professional competence in introducing technologies that automate legal work, and so on. The author, in turn, offers using chat bots in legal clinics, gives examples of new disciplines for master’s degree programs, considers the idea of passing final examinations outside universities in certification centers, etc. It is emphasized that in jurisprudence there are a lot of typical situations in which typical decisions need to be made, and here artificial intelligence will be a good helper, and scientists will have more time to undertake a comprehensive analysis of law. Thus, even with the advent of new technologies, the creative work of lawyers will always be in demand.

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