Lighting Industry: Structure and Technology in the Transition to Solid State

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Walsh Sanderson ◽  
Kenneth L. Simons ◽  
Judith L. Walls ◽  
Yin-Yi Lai
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Lighting Industry

Phosphorescent White OLEDs for Solid-state Lighting

2009 ◽  
Vol 1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Xia ◽  
Peter Levermore ◽  
Vadim Adamovich ◽  
Chun Lin ◽  
Raymond C. Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
Energy Star ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Partial Energy ◽  
White Oleds ◽  
Color Rendering

AbstractWhite OLEDs (WOLEDTMs) fabricated using energy efficient phosphorescent OLED (PHOLEDTM) technology open up exciting new ways to develop efficient white lighting. WOLEDs have the potential to transform the lighting industry. In this presentation, phosphorescent WOLEDs with high conductivity transport layers will be discussed. White light can be generated by partial energy transfer from blue to green and red. Single WOLED stacks are demonstrated that match the Energy Star® lighting color criteria for 2700K and 3000K with high efficiency (˜80 lm/W) and high color rendering indices (˜80). Both devices had operational lifetimes (LT70%) over 30,000 hours measured from an initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m2. Different techniques to improve optical outcoupling will also be discussed.

LEDs for Solid-State Lighting

2020 ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wasif Umar ◽  
NorZaihar Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Automotive Lighting ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
And Control ◽  
Filament Plasma

Solid-state lighting technology is rapidly gaining acceptance in lighting industry street lighting, traffic lighting, decorative lighting, projection displays, display backlighting, automotive lighting, and so on. Differing from conventional light sources that use tungsten filament, plasma, or gases to generate light, solid-state lighting is based on organic or inorganic light emitting diodes (LEDs), and has the potential to generate light with almost 100 % efficiency. LED luminaires have a long lifetime and are environmentally friendly with no toxic mercury contained. However, the success of these luminaires depends on system design, which comprises an understanding of several factors such as performance and control. In this chapter, we shall touch upon some technological advancements in the field of solid-state lighting technologies and challenges that limit their market penetration for consumer lighting.

Lighting industry acceptance of solid state lighting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Lydecker ◽  
Kevin F. Leadford ◽  
Carla A. Ooyen
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
Lighting Industry

scholarly journals IAU Resolution 2009 B5 - Commission 50 Draft Action Plan - Presentation and Discussion

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
R. F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Education And Outreach ◽  
Night Sky

AbstractIAU Resolution 2009 B5 calls on IAU members to protect the public's right to an unpolluted night sky as well as the astronomical quality of the sky around major research observatories. The multi-pronged approach of Commission 50 includes working with the lighting industry for appropriate products from the solid state revolution, arming astronomers with training and materials for presentation, selective endorsement of key protection issues, cooperation with several other IAU commissions for education and outreach, and provision of clear quantitative priorities for outdoor lighting standards.

Preparation of Thin Cadmium Telluride Samples for Electron Microscope Studies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
T. J. Magee ◽  
J. Peng ◽  
J. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solid State Devices

Cadmium telluride has become increasingly important in a number of technological applications, particularly in the area of laser-optical components and solid state devices, Microstructural characterizations of the material have in the past been somewhat limited because of the lack of suitable sample preparation and thinning techniques. Utilizing a modified jet thinning apparatus and a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid thinning solution, a procedure has now been developed for obtaining thin contamination-free samples for TEM examination.

The Collagenic Molecular Structural Unit of Solid State Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Richter ◽  
John A. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naoh Treatment

The structural unit of solid state collagen complexes has been reported by Porter and Vanamee via EM and by Cowan, North and Randall via x-ray diffraction to be an ellipsoidal unit of 210-270 A. length by 50-100 A. diameter. It subsequently was independently demonstrated by us in dog tendon, dermis, and induced complexes. Its detailed morphologic, dimensional and molecular weight (MW) aspects have now been determined. It is pear-shaped in long profile with m diameters of 57 and 108 A. and m length of 263 A. (Fig. 1, tendon, KMnO4 fixation, Na-tungstate; Fig. 2a, schematic of unit in long, C, and x-sectional profiles of its thin, xB, and bulbous, xA portions; Fig. 2b, tendon essentially unmodified by ether and 0.4 N NaOH treatment, Na-tungstate). The unit consists of a uniquely coild cable, c, of ṁ 22.9 A. diameter and length of 2580-3316 A. The cable consists of three 2nd-strands, s, each of m 10.6 A.

Structure-property relations of liquid crystalline polymers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 460-463
Author(s):  
Linda C. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Extended Chain

Recent liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) research has sought to define structure-property relationships of these complex new materials. The two major types of LCPs, thermotropic and lyotropic LCPs, both exhibit effects of process history on the microstructure frozen into the solid state. The high mechanical anisotropy of the molecules favors formation of complex structures. Microscopy has been used to develop an understanding of these microstructures and to describe them in a fundamental structural model. Preparation methods used include microtomy, etching, fracture and sonication for study by optical and electron microscopy techniques, which have been described for polymers. The model accounts for the macrostructures and microstructures observed in highly oriented fibers and films.Rod-like liquid crystalline polymers produce oriented materials because they have extended chain structures in the solid state. These polymers have found application as high modulus fibers and films with unique properties due to the formation of ordered solutions (lyotropic) or melts (thermotropic) which transform easily into highly oriented, extended chain structures in the solid state.

Microstructural Variations in Melt-Spun Rapidly Solidified Ribbons

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
L. A. Bendersky ◽  
W. J. Boettinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Wheel Side ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Heat Extraction Rate

Rapid solidification produces a wide variety of sub-micron scale microstructure. Generally, the microstructure depends on the imposed melt undercooling and heat extraction rate. The microstructure can vary strongly not only due to processing parameters changes but also during the process itself, as a result of recalescence. Hence, careful examination of different locations in rapidly solidified products should be performed. Additionally, post-solidification solid-state reactions can alter the microstructure.The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the strong microstructural changes in different regions of melt-spun ribbon for three different alloys. The locations of the analyzed structures were near the wheel side (W) and near the center (C) of the ribbons. The TEM specimens were prepared by selective electropolishing or ion milling.

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