Transaction Costs and Tradable Permit Markets: The United States Lead Phasedown

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzi Kerr ◽  
David C. Maré
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Permit Markets ◽  
Tradable Permit

China’s New National Carbon Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Pizer ◽  
Xiliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Pilot Programs ◽  
Tradable Permit ◽  
Emissions Trading System

On December 19, 2017, China announced the official start of its national emissions trading system (ETS) construction program. When fully implemented, this program will more than double the volume of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions covered by either tax or tradable permit policy. Many of program's design features reflect those of China's pilot programs but differ from those of most emissions trading programs in the United States and Europe. This paper explains the context and design of China's new carbon market, discusses implications and possible modifications, and suggests topics for further research.

scholarly journals Agricultural Offset Potential in the United States: Economic and Geospatial Insights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Proville ◽  
Robert T. Parkhurst ◽  
Steven Koller ◽  
Sara Kroopf ◽  
Justin Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbon Offsets ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Carbon Prices

Although agricultural greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted from a wide variety of activities and regions, many mitigation opportunities exist. This article describes efforts undertaken by Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and partners (2007 to present) to convert abatement opportunities into carbon offsets with the aim of reducing GHGs in this sector and providing revenue to landowners. Analyses of emission-abating practices for rice, rangelands and almonds demonstrate that abatement costs are significant for most practices and are accompanied by high break-even carbon prices — often due to high transaction costs. Nonetheless, total abatement potential is shown to be large for certain activities. For this reason, and given the large series of opportunities not yet explored, a focal point of subsequent efforts should be to reduce transaction costs and barriers to entry.

Integration: the firm and the health care sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J. Laugesen ◽  
George France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Health And Social Services ◽  
Care Integration ◽  
Integrated Health Care System

AbstractIntegration in health care is a key goal of health reform in United States and England. Yet past efforts in the 1990s to better integrate the delivery system were of limited success. Building on work by Bevan and Janus on delivery integration, this article explores integration through the lens of economic theories of integration. Firms generally integrate to increase efficiency through economies of scale, to improve their market power, and resolve the transaction costs involved with multiple external suppliers. Using the United States and England as laboratories, we apply concepts of economic integration to understand why integration does or does not occur in health care, and whether expectations of integrating different kinds of providers (hospital, primary care) and health and social services are realistic. Current enthusiasm for a more integrated health care system expands the scope of integration to include social services in England, but retains the focus on health care in the United States. We find mixed applicability of economic theories of integration. Economies of scale have not played a significant role in stimulating integration in both countries. Managerial incentives for monopoly or oligopoly may be more compelling in the United States, since hospitals seek higher prices and more leverage over payers. In both countries the concept of transaction costs could explain the success of new payment and budgeting methods, since health care integration ultimately requires resolving transaction costs across different delivery organizations.

The Benefits and Costs of Employee Suggestions under Gainsharing

ILR Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-One Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
High Performance Work Practices ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Robust Evidence

Using data for the years 1985–92 from a discontinued suggestion program at a manufacturing plant in the United States, this study examines the benefits and costs of suggestions under gainsharing. The implemented suggestions are found to have improved labor productivity and reduced grievances and disciplinary actions, but more robust evidence suggests that they also incurred transaction costs and implementation costs. The author speculates that substantial transaction and implementation costs may be a factor responsible for the typically modest outcomes and generally short longevity of employee involvement programs and high-performance work practices.

From Neighbors to Partners: The Adoption of Interlocal Government Collaboration in the United States, 1977–2007

2020 ◽  
pp. 009539972096048
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Rubado
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Collective Action ◽  
Local Leaders

Local governments in the United States frequently collaborate with neighboring localities for service provision despite the high costs of this strategy. Using the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework, this article argues that a key explanation of interlocal collaboration lies in the way local leaders learn from the behavior of neighboring jurisdictions that collaborate, which alters the transaction costs of their own potential collaborations. Using a data set of financial transfers for 35,000 jurisdictions over a 30-year span, the article shows that localities are more likely to collaborate when a larger share of their neighbors collaborated in the past.

A Property Rights Analysis of the American Welfare State**

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Svetozar Pejovich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The paper uses the property rights approach for the analysis of the development, costs, and consequences of the welfare system in the United States before and after the 1996 reform. The welfare system in the United States grew from less than one percent of GDP in 1929 to about 4 percent in 1997. In addition to its total costs, the welfare system before 1996 created property rights, which, in turn, generated negative incentives and positive transaction costs. The purpose of 1996 reform was to make the welfare system more efficient by redefining property rights in welfare resources and creating incentives to reduce the transaction costs of providing welfare benefits.

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