The Limit Contract in the Standard Agency Model

Academic resilience refers to the ability to recover and achieve high academic outcomes despite environmental adversity in the academic setting. At the same time, self-determination theory (SDT) offers a human agency model to understand individuals' autonomy to achieve in various fields. The present longitudinal study explored the factors influencing resilience from the analytical framework of SDT to investigate how basic psychological needs strengthen students' resilience. A mediation model was proposed that resilience may mediate the relationship between basic psychological needs and academic performance. The results from 450 10th grade Chinese students showed that three basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) facilitate academic resilience; academic resilience thus increases subsequent academic performance after controlling for previous test scores.

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The Logic of Term Limits Pledges

10.31235/osf.io/2nhwj ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Morrier

Keyword(s):

Term Limits ◽

Career Concerns ◽

Policy Preferences ◽

Model Specification ◽

Political Agency ◽

Election Campaign ◽

Agency Model

This article offers a rationale for candidates who voluntarily pledge to term limits. My analysis is built on a standard political agency model to which I add an election campaign where candidates can commit not to seek a second term. Pledging to term limits allows candidates to signal their private type and insulate themselves from career concerns. By doing so, candidates leverage the fact that the representative voter endogenously prefers to elect a candidate who does not seek reelection because she either has on average more desirable attributes, distorts her decisions to a lesser extent, or both. As a result, candidates who pledge to term limits have a higher probability of being elected in the first place. I characterize the equilibria of a model specification in which politicians differ with respect to their policy preferences and uncover circumstances in which term limits pledges are informative and improve the voter's welfare.

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Understanding the Structure of Stereotypes of Women: Virtue and Agency as Dimensions Distinguishing Female Subgroups

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00239.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 396-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. Nathan DeWall ◽

T. William Altermatt ◽

Heather Thompson

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽

Female Athlete ◽

Moral Virtue ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gender Stereotyping ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Agency Model ◽

Separate Sample ◽

Sexual Conservatism

A two-part study investigated the dimensional structure of stereotypes of women. In one sample ( n = 258), participants sorted traits according to the likelihood that they would co-occur in the same woman. In a separate sample ( n = 102), participants were given the same traits and were asked to judge the traits' desirability and to judge the moral virtue, sexual liberalism/conservatism, warmth, competence, and power of a woman who possessed high levels of each trait. Results from hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that participants perceived women in terms of six subgroups: professional, feminist, homemaker, female athlete, beauty, and temptress. Large differences among these subgroups were identified based on ratings of their moral virtue and sexual conservatism (i.e., virtue) and competence and power (i.e., agency). The implications of a virtue-agency model of female subgroups for gender stereotyping research are discussed.

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Mail Routes and the Costs of Expansion, 1866–83

Paper Trails ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190053673.003.0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 75-93

Author(s):

Cameron Blevins

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Western United States ◽

Post Office ◽

Public Infrastructure ◽

The West ◽

Agency Model ◽

Administrative Capacity ◽

The Us

Chapter 4 examines the transportation of mail in the western United States. During the 1860s and 1870s the Post Office Department contracted with private stagecoach companies to carry the mail on its behalf, allowing it to extend mail routes across the region without establishing its own costly public infrastructure. Government mail contracts effectively subsidized the western stagecoach industry and facilitated the region’s breakneck growth during these decades. But staging companies began to lobby, collude, and bribe their way into exorbitant contracts worth millions of dollars, and by the end of the 1870s the situation had devolved into a full-fledged institutional crisis. This chapter is a story about mismanagement, fraud, and corruption, but it also speaks to the federal government’s lack of centralized administrative capacity. The decentralized agency model may have allowed the US Post to rapidly spread across the West, but this frenetic regional expansion project came with considerable costs.

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Public Procurement of the Healthcare: the Supplier’s Role in the Hospital Work

Moscow University Economics Bulletin ◽

10.38050/01300105202046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 109-131

Author(s):

Margarita Kravtsova

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Agency Model ◽

Graphical Data ◽

Work Strategies ◽

Hospital Work ◽

Strong Competition ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

Favourable Situation

The research is devoted to the suppliers influence on hospital work on the example of Moscow public procurement in hospitals. An agency model defining the hospital interaction stages with suppliers were constructed. Using the descriptive statistics method and graphical data analysis, procurement was considered with the author’s database including 512 681 contracts of 1,2 trillion rubles for 2011-2019. The supplier’s work strategies and their fallouts for the services were emphasized. The criteria the suppliers must have to the contract execution were developed. The hypothesis was tested that suppliers selected in a competitive way ensure the effective procurement for hospitals. The empirical analysis showed that drug procurement had a strong competition at auctions and budget savings. The findings concluded that the suppliers play various roles in hospital work. The favourable situation is that the supplier fulfills the contract delivering quality procurement at an affordable price, in full and due time.

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