Temperature Reconstructions Using Speleothems

Elements ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nele Meckler ◽  
Hubert Vonhof ◽  
Alfredo Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Temperature Reconstructions

Methods for reconstructing past temperatures from speleothems have only recently been developed. Advances in quantitative temperature proxies for speleothems are now allowing critical knowledge gaps to be filled, given the outstanding age control and wide geographical distribution of the speleothem archive. The methods of reconstructing temperatures from speleothems are diverse: they rely on concepts from geochemistry, biology, and physics, and are based on different aspects of speleothems, including water inclusions, calcite, and organic molecules. Combining the different approaches makes temperature reconstructions more robust, affords further insights into the methodologies, and provides constraints on other climate variables.

scholarly journals A Giant Ostrich from the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Formation of North China, with a Review of the Fossil Ostriches of China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eric Buffetaut ◽  
Delphine Angst
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North China ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Crimea

A large incomplete ostrich femur from the Lower Pleistocene of North China, kept at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), is described. It was found by Father Emile Licent in 1925 in the Nihewan Formation (dated at about 1.8 Ma) of Hebei Province. On the basis of the minimum circumference of the shaft, a mass of 300 kg, twice that of a modern ostrich, was obtained. The bone is remarkably robust, more so than the femur of the more recent, Late Pleistocene, Struthio anderssoni from China, and resembles in that regard Pachystruthio Kretzoi, 1954, a genus known from the Lower Pleistocene of Hungary, Georgia and the Crimea, to which the Nihewan specimen is referred, as Pachystruthio indet. This find testifies to the wide geographical distribution of very massive ostriches in the Early Pleistocene of Eurasia. The giant ostrich from Nihewan was contemporaneous with the early hominins who inhabited that region in the Early Pleistocene.

Disentangling Astraea lobata: three new names in Astraea based on previous varieties of Croton lobatus (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA ◽  
INÊS CORDEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
As Species

Within Astraea Klotzsch (1841: 194), Astraea lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 1005) Klotzsch (1841: 194) may be considered the most taxonomically complex species due to its wide geographical distribution and the several varieties that have been proposed for this species by Müller Argoviensis (1866, 1874). In his concept, Müller Argoviensis (1866) united under Croton lobatus Linnaeus (1753: 1005) plants with 3–5-partite leaves almost as long as the petioles, subulate stipules, the bracts not well developed and ovaries with varied indumentum. In De Candolles’s Prodromus, Müller Argoviensis (1866) recognized eight varieties, maintaining this concept in the Flora Brasiliensis (Müller Argoviensis 1874) with few modifications. Morphological characters and geographical distribution support the recognition of some of these varieties as species distinct from A. lobata. As part of an undergoing taxonomic revision of Astraea, these distinct taxa must be validly published for further studies on this genus. Therefore, in this note we propose these novelties with commentaries about morphology and geographic distribution, along with photos to illustrate them and lectotypifications when necessary.

The "Sangoma" or the Healthcare Center? Health-Seeking Practices of Women Living in the Mangaung Township (Bloemfontein, South Africa)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Naomi Yvonne Mbelekani ◽  
Amanda M. Young-Hauser ◽  
Jan K. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Narrative Study ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Center ◽  
Different Types

Traditional and Western medicine are both commonplace in South Africa, and are often consulted in conjunction with each other. The article aims to fill critical knowledge gaps in understanding how women as caregivers decide on medication when experiencing illness in the home. In order to achieve valid and rich in-depth understanding about the types of medicine that individuals opt for, a narrative study was conducted. The research participants are women from Bloemfontein’s townships. Analysis of the participants’ narratives suggests that there are social-economic, traditional, and cultural trajectories associated with negotiating medical treatment. The findings indicate that the context in which individuals give meaning to, diagnose, and treat illness influences their remedial choices. Accordingly, many individuals constantly shift between different types of remedies, as they believe that they yield different, but unique possibilities and solutions.

scholarly journals Enantiomers of Carbohydrates and Their Role in Ecosystem Interactions: A Review

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Lojkova ◽  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Ida Drápelová ◽  
Martin Brtnicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Ecosystem Interactions ◽  
Plant Compounds

D- and most L-enantiomers of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing compounds occur naturally in plants and other organisms. These enantiomers play many important roles in plants including building up biomass, defense against pathogens, herbivory, abiotic stress, and plant nutrition. Carbohydrate enantiomers are also precursors of many plant compounds that significantly contribute to plant aroma. Microorganisms, insects, and other animals utilize both types of carbohydrate enantiomers, but their biomass and excrements are dominated by D-enantiomers. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge about carbohydrate enantiomers in ecosystems with respect to both their metabolism in plants and occurrence in soils, and to identify critical knowledge gaps and directions for future research. Knowledge about the significance of D- versus L-enantiomers of carbohydrates in soils is rare. Determining the mechanism of genetic regulation of D- and L-carbohydrate metabolism in plants with respect to pathogen and pest control and ecosystem interactions represent the knowledge gaps and a direction for future research.

Checklist of the family Megalopodidae Latreille (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea); a synthesis of its diversity and distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
GEOVANNI M. RODRÍGUEZ-MIRÓN
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethiopian Region

A checklist of the Megalopodidae of the world is presented. A total of 582 species in 29 genera and 11 subgenera are recognized belonging to the three subfamilies. The subfamilies, genera, and species are listed in alphabetical order. For each species, synonymous names and the geographical distribution by country is provided. The most diversified subfamily is Megalopodinae with 480 species and 24 genera. The Neotropical biogeographic region has the highest diversity of Megalopodidae, followed by the Ethiopian region. The knowledge of Megalopodidae is limited, and is remarkably biased by country. A significant increase in geographic and taxonomic information is needed in order to fill these knowledge gaps. The following taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are proposed: 1) type species are designated for the genera Macrolopha Weise and Falsomegalopus Pic. 2) Zeugophora novobicolor Rodríguez-Mirón is proposed as new replacement name of Zeugophora bicolor. 3) The following taxa are reinstated in the genera Temnaspis: T. speciosus Baly, T. arida Westwood, and T. nigriceps Baly. 4) Falsotemnaspis luteimembris Pic is proposed as new synonym (= F. lacordairei (Westwood)). 5) The next new combinations are proposed: Macrolopha bicolor (Jacoby), M. carinata (Bryant), M. centromaculata (Jacoby), M. costatipennis (Pic), M. dollmani (Bryant), M. hargreavesi (Bryan), M. mashuana (Jacoby), M. murrayi (Baly), M. neavei (Bryant), M. nyassae (Bryant), M. suturalis (Clavareau), M. variabilis (Westwood), M. aeneipennis (Weise), M. notaticollis (Pic), M. parvula (Weswood), M. theresae (Pic), M. tricoloripes (Pic) and Falsotemnaspis lacordairei (Westwood). 

Abstract 93: Molecular profiling of pancreatic cancer patients from a wide geographical distribution across the US

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Rahib ◽  
Anitra Engebretson ◽  
Michael J. Pishvaian ◽  
Jonathan R. Brody ◽  
William A. Hoos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of a rupestrian field at Cafuringa, Distrito Federal, Brazil: commented list of species

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vieira Nunes ◽  
Marina Regina Frizzas ◽  
Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Rupestrian Fields ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Field Formation

Our aim was to characterize the Scarabaeinae fauna from a rupestrian field formation at APA de Cafuringa, DF, Brazil. We made seven samples between 2007 and 2009 using baited pitfall traps. We collected 602 individuals belonging to 27 species and 13 genera, of which 17 were identified at species level. The majority of species caught has wide geographical distribution in Brazil and South America and do not seem to be specialized in 'campo rupestre' formation. Two species, Canthidium marseuli and Canthon lamproderes have restricted geographical distribution, being present in the central Brazilian highlands. C. marseuli and C. lamproderes are probably restricted to rupestrian fields since they have been registered only for this formation in Brazil, which indicates that these species need attention in relation to the conservation of theirs populations and habitats.

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