Soil Profile Alteration under Long-Term, High-Input Agriculture

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Stanley W. Buol ◽  
Michael L. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
High Input

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT CONTENTS IN THE PROFILE OF A RECOVERED SOIL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE AND NATIVE SPECIES OF ATLANTIC FOREST

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lívia Mara Lima Goulart ◽  
Marianne Fidalgo de Faria ◽  
Grasiela Spada ◽  
Thiago Tássio de Souza Silva ◽  
Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Potassium Supplementation

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture and recovery of degraded areas has been shown as a promising alternative for its final destination. Studies on micronutrient levels after sludge application are necessary to avoid soil contamination at toxic levels. The objective of this work was to verify the micronutrient contents in the soil profile and pH, up to one-meter-deep, nine years after the application of sewage sludge and planting of native species of the Atlantic Forest. The experiment was implemented in a degraded Quartzeneic Neosol and conducted in randomized blocks with four replicates and eight treatments, consisting of six doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1, with supplementation of potassium due to low concentration in the residue), besides the control treatment, mineral fertilization and only potassium supplementation. After nine years, the contents of all micronutrients evaluated presented a significant response to the application of the treatments, and the application of sewage sludge provided an increase in their contents. Soil pH remained stable at sites receiving mineral fertilization and potassium supplementation. Only manganese and zinc showed mobility in the soil profile. The application of sewage sludge in degraded soil increases the micronutrient content and decreases its movement in the soil profile, and the application of the maximum dose of the residue does not provide toxic levels of these elements in the soil in the long term.

scholarly journals Assessing the Microbial Community and Functional Genes in a Vertical Soil Profile with Long-Term Arsenic Contamination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbo Xiong ◽  
Zhili He ◽  
Joy D. Van Nostrand ◽  
Guosheng Luo ◽  
Shuxin Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Functional Genes

Long-term modeling of phosphorus spatial distribution in the no-tilled soil profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiao Li ◽  
Alain Mollier ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Aimé Jean Messiga ◽  
Yichao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Profile

Understanding the Long-Term Weed Community Dynamics in Organic and Conventional Crop Rotations Using the Principal Response Curve Method

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
Julia L. Leeson ◽  
Steve J. Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
High Input ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Principal Response Curve ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Conventional Systems

AbstractWeeds have acquired evolutionary adaptations to the diverse crop and weed management strategies used in cropping systems. Therefore, changes in crop production practices such as conventional to organic systems, tillage-based to no-till systems, and diversity in crop rotations can result in differences in weed community composition that have management implications. A study was carried out to understand the weed community dynamics in a long-term alternative cropping systems study at Scott, SK, Canada. Long-term (18-yr) weed community composition data in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in ORG (organic), RED (reduced-input, no-till), and HIGH (high-input, conventional tillage) systems with three levels of crop rotation diversity, LOW (low diversity), DAG (diversified annual grains), and DAP (diversified annuals and perennials), were used to study the effect of different cropping systems and the effect of environment (random temporal effects) on residual weed community composition using the principal response curve (PRC) technique. The interaction between cropping systems and year-to-year random environmental changes was found to be the predominant factor causing fluctuations in weed community composition. Furthermore, the single most predominant factor influencing the weed composition was year-to-year random changes. Organic systems clearly differed from the two conventional systems in most years and had more diverse weed communities compared with the two conventional systems. The two conventional systems exhibited similar weed composition in most years. In this study, the use of the PRC method allowed capture of the real temporal dynamics reflected in the cropping systems by time interaction. This study further concludes that moving from a tillage-based, high-input conventional system to a no-till, reduced-input system did not cause significant changes in the weed community composition throughout the time period, but diversity in organic systems was high, probably due to increased occurrence of some difficult to control species.

scholarly journals Bioindicators and nutrient availability through whole soil profile under orange groves after long-term different organic fertilizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eristanna Palazzolo ◽  
Vito Armando Laudicina ◽  
Giancarlo Roccuzzo ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Biagio Torrisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Profile

scholarly journals Phosphorus and root distribution and corn growth as related to long-term tillage systems and fertilizer placement

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ely Valadão Gigante de Andrade Costa ◽  
Edicarlos Damaceno de Souza ◽  
Ibanor Anghinoni ◽  
João Paulo Cassol Flores ◽  
Eduardo Giacomelli Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
P Utilization

Soil and fertilizer management during cultivation can affect crop productivity and profitability. Long-term experiments are therefore necessary to determine the dynamics of nutrient and root distribution as related to soil profile, as well as the effects on nutrient uptake and crop growth. An 18-year experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State (UFRGS), in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, on Rhodic Paleudult soil. Black oat and vetch were planted in the winter and corn in the summer. The soil management methods were conventional, involving no-tillage and strip tillage techniques and broadcast, row-and strip-applied fertilizer placement (triple superphosphate). Available P (Mehlich-1) and root distribution were determined in soil monoliths during the corn grain filling period. Corn shoot dry matter production and P accumulation during the 2006/2007 growing season were determined and the efficiency of P utilization calculated. Regardless of the degree of soil mobilization, P and roots were accumulated in the fertilized zone with time, mainly in the surface layer (0-10 cm). Root distribution followed P distribution for all tillage systems and fertilizer treatments. Under no-tillage, independent of the fertilizer placement, the corn plants developed more roots than in the other tillage systems. Although soil tillage systems and fertilizer treatments affected P and root distribution throughout the soil profile, as well as P absorption and corn growth, the efficiency of P utilization was not affected.

(Soil profile in the long-term test area of Groß Kreutz near Potsdam)

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Kühn ◽  
Jens Hannemann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Test Area

scholarly journals Soil Pollution Characteristics and Microbial Responses in a Vertical Profile with Long-Term Tannery Sludge Contamination in Hebei, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangke Kong ◽  
Chunhui Li ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Guoxin Huang ◽  
Zhitao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Responses

An investigation was made into the effects of tannery sludge on soil chemical properties and microbial communities in a typical soil profile with long-term tannery sludge contamination, North China. The results showed that trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), ammonium, organic nitrogen, salinity and sulfide were the predominant contaminants in tannery sludge. Although the tannery sludge contained high chromium (Cr, 3,0970 mg/kg), the proportion of mobile Cr forms (exchangeable plus carbonate-bound fraction) only accounted for 1.32%. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results further demonstrated that the Cr existed in a stable state of oxides and iron oxides. The alkaline loam soil had a significant retardation effect on the migration of salinity, ammonium, Cr(III) and sulfide, and the accumulation of these contaminants occurred in soils (0–40 cm). A good correlation (R2 = 0.959) was observed between total organic carbon (TOC) and Cr(III) in the soil profile, indicating that the dissolved organic matter from sludge leachate promoted the vertical mobility of Cr(III) via forming Cr(III)-organic complexes. The halotolerant bacteria (Halomonas and Tepidimicrobium) and organic degrading bacteria (Flavobacteriaceae, Tepidimicrobium and Balneola) became the dominant microflora in the soil profile. High contents of salinity, Cr and nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the abundance of indigenous microorganisms in soils.

scholarly journals Fertilization of spruce monocultures in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S73-S78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Remeš ◽  
V.V. Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Site Fertility ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
Fertilization Effects

Long-term fertilization effects were evaluated including NPK, Ca and N applications at the lower altitudes. The studied localities are in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy, at an altitude of 300–500 m a.s.l., sites of beech-oak-fir types. Fertilizers were used in 1965–1967, the evaluation of soil condition was done in 1967 (before fertilization) and 2002. After 25–35 years, only low effects of fertilization are detectable in the humus forms and complex soil profile – surface humus accumulation, soil chemistry, as well as nutrient contents. Complex fertilization was reflected in higher site fertility in general, N-fertilization only in the progress of acidification. During the period 1967–2002, a strong general trend of acidification is obvious caused by both acid deposition and Norway spruce monoculture-based forestry.

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