Biologically Active Pools of Carbon and Nitrogen in Tallgrass Prairie Soil

2015 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Rice ◽  
Fernando O. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Prairie Soil

scholarly journals Does Pastoral Land-Use Legacy Influence Topsoil Carbon and Nitrogen Accrual Rates in Tallgrass Prairie Restorations?

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Nicholas Glass ◽  
Brenda Molano-Flores ◽  
Eduardo Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Erika Meraz ◽  
Samira Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Prairie Restorations

Restoration can recover degraded ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, effects of restoration on soil nutrient accrual are difficult to predict, partly because prior land use affects rates of soil nutrient recovery. In tallgrass prairie restorations, land-use legacy effects have not yet been quantified. We investigated topsoil carbon and nitrogen accrual within seven land-use histories: (1) row crop agriculture, (2) pasture, (3) pasture converted from row crops, (4) prairie restored from row crop, (5) prairie restored from old pasture, (6) bison prairie restored from pasture and row crops, and (7) remnant prairie. Soil samples were collected in 2008 and again in 2018 at Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie in Will County, IL. Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, root chemistry, macro- and micronutrients, and carbon. Restored prairies contained similar soil bulk densities and rates of topsoil carbon accrual compared to each other in 2018. However, restorations from row cropping accrued nitrogen more slowly than restorations from pastures. Additionally, pastures converted from crop fields exhibited fewer legacy effects than restorations converted from crop fields. This research illustrates land-use legacy effects on soil and nutrients during grassland restorations, with implications for potential restoration trajectories and their role in carbon sequestration and ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Conservation of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in a Tallgrass Prairie in Oklahoma

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Franzluebbers ◽  
Patrick J. Starks ◽  
Jean L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Fractions

Native grasslands in the Great Plains of North America have mostly disappeared in the past century due to agricultural expansion. A grazing study was established on Paleustolls and Argiustolls supporting a remnant, but historically grazed tallgrass prairie in central Oklahoma. Stocking method of beef cattle was differentiated into continuous and rotational treatments (10 sub-paddocks) in 2009 and these treatments continued until present. Soil was sampled in 2009 and 2012 at depths of 0–6, 6–12, 12–20, and 20–30 cm and in 2017 at depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Total, particulate, microbial biomass, and mineralizable C and N fractions were highly stratified with depth, having 2–10 times greater concentration at a depth of 0–6 cm as that at 20–30 cm. Strong associations existed among most of these soil organic C and N fractions, given the large range that resulted from sampling at multiple depths. No discernable differences in soil organic C and N fractions occurred due to stocking method at any sampling time or depth. Evidence for biological nitrification inhibition suggested a mechanism for conservation of available N with less opportunity for loss. In addition, strong association of available N with biologically active C indicated slow, but sustained release of N that was strongly coupled to C cycling. We conclude that stocking method had a neutral effect on conservation of already high antecedent conditions of soil organic C and N fractions during the first 8 years of differentially imposed management.

Response of carbonicolous ascomycetes to aerated steam temperatures and treatment intervals

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 2313-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Zak ◽  
D. T. Wicklow
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Grassland Fire

This laboratory study was designed to examine the response of a postfire ascomycete community to elevated temperatures and treatment intervals corresponding to those recorded during the burning of a tallgrass prairie. Aerated steam treatment of prairie soil samples (35, 40, 55, 70, 85, or 100 °C) for intervals of 60, 100, 140, or 180 s enabled us to examine the response of individual species comprising the carbonicolous ascomycete community.Simulation of a grassland fire by aerated steam treatment of prairie soils promoted the development of 20 species of ascomycetes. Generalists such as Sporomiella subtilis Ahmed and Cain occurred at high frequencies over most of the temperature range while specialists Podospora curvispora (Cain) Cain, Sordaria macrospora Awd., and Leptosphaeria sp. were important at only one temperature. Species diversity, richness, and number of species per sample were significantly affected by the temperature of the steam treatment. The temperature–treatment interval combination allowing for the greatest expression of diversity in the carbonicolous ascomycete community was 55 °C for 60 s. Since a grassland fire does not uniformly heat the soil surface, the environmental patchiness created by this physical perturbation may be an important factor in determining the composition of the carbonicolous ascomycete community in prairies.

scholarly journals Climate warming increases soil erosion, carbon and nitrogen loss with biofuel feedstock harvest in tallgrass prairie

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAN XUE ◽  
YIQI LUO ◽  
XUHUI ZHOU ◽  
REBECCA SHERRY ◽  
XIAOHONG JIA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Photoautotrophic Metabolism of Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théo Veaudor ◽  
Victoire Blanc-Garin ◽  
Célia Chenebault ◽  
Encarnación Diaz-Santos ◽  
Jean-François Sassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Genetically Manipulated ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites ◽  
Over Time

Cyanobacteria constitute the only phylum of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic prokaryotes that shaped the oxygenic atmosphere of our planet. Over time, cyanobacteria have evolved as a widely diverse group of organisms that have colonized most aquatic and soil ecosystems of our planet and constitute a large proportion of the biomass that sustains the biosphere. Cyanobacteria synthesize a vast array of biologically active metabolites that are of great interest for human health and industry, and several model cyanobacteria can be genetically manipulated. Hence, cyanobacteria are regarded as promising microbial factories for the production of chemicals from highly abundant natural resources, e.g., solar energy, CO2, minerals, and waters, eventually coupled to wastewater treatment to save costs. In this review, we summarize new important discoveries on the plasticity of the photoautotrophic metabolism of cyanobacteria, emphasizing the coordinated partitioning of carbon and nitrogen towards growth or compound storage, and the importance of these processes for biotechnological perspectives. We also emphasize the importance of redox regulation (including glutathionylation) on these processes, a subject which has often been overlooked.

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