Physical Properties of Rock Fragments and Their Effect on Available Water in Skeletal Soils

Change on substrate bulk density during the growing period may negatively affect other substrate physical properties and, consequently, plant growth. The objectives of this research were 1) to characterize physical properties of two horticultural substrates (S1 and S2), 2) to evaluate the effect of different bulk densities values of those substrates on their air/water relationship, and 3) to develop mathematical functions to estimate the air/water relationship by increasing substrates bulk density value. First, the distribution of particles size, the bulk density, and the water release curve of the substrates were determined. Then, substrates were packed with three different bulk density values, i.e. 10% (D1), 20% (D2) and 30% (D3), higher than the bulk density (D) determined in the characterization phase. The water release curves were determined for each bulk density value of both substrates. The effect of increasing substrate bulk density in the total porosity (TP), aeration space (AS), available water (AW), easily available water (EAW), buffering water (BW), and in the remaining water (RW) was evaluated using simple linear regression and polynomial analysis. The particles size distribution and the water release curves were significantly different for the two substrates. Increasing the bulk density value decreased TP and AS, and increased BW and RW. The highest values of AW and EAW were observed for D1. Regression equations obtained can be used to choose the more appropriate air/water relationship for each growing condition.

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Physical Properties of Ground Fresh Rice Hulls and Sphagnum Peat Used for Greenhouse Root Substrates

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.18.3.384 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 384-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paolo Sambo ◽

Franco Sannazzaro ◽

Michael R. Evans

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Pore Space ◽

Rice Hull ◽

Water Release ◽

Rice Hulls ◽

Available Water ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Water Holding

Ground fresh rice (Oryza sativa) hull materials were produced by grinding whole fresh rice hulls and passing the resulting product through a 1-, 2-, 4- or 6-mm-diameter screen to produce a total of four ground rice products (RH1, RH2, RH4, and RH6, respectively). The physical properties and water release characteristics of sphagnum peatmoss (peat) and the four ground rice hull products were evaluated. All of the ground rice hull products had a higher bulk density (Bd) than peat, and as the grind size of the rice hull particle decreased, Bd increased. Peat had a higher total pore space (TPS) than all of the ground rice hull products except for RH6. As grind size decreased, the TPS decreased. Peat had a lower air-filled pore space (AFP) than all of the ground rice hull products and as the grind size of the rice hull products decreased, AFP decreased. Peat had a higher water holding capacity (WHC) than all of the ground rice hull products. Grind sizes RH4 and RH6 had similar WHC, whereas RH1 and RH2 had a higher WHC than RH4 and RH6. Peat, RH4, and RH6 had similar available water content (AVW), whereas RH2 had higher AVW than these materials and RH1 had the highest AVW. However, peat had the lowest AVW and easily available water (EAW) as a percentage of the WHC. The ground rice hull products RH1 and RH2 had the highest AVW and EAW of the components tested. Peat had the highest water content at container capacity. As pressure was increased from 1 to 5 kPa, peat released water more slowly than any of the ground rice hull products. The RH1 and RH2 ground hull products released water at a significantly higher rate than peat, but RH4 and RH6 released the most water over these pressures. For all rice hull products, most water was released between 1 and 2 kPa pressure. The rice hull products RH1 and RH2 had physical properties that were within recommended ranges and were most similar to those of peat.

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KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK TANAH DAN C-ORGANIK PADA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BERBEDA DI KAWASAN UB FOREST

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 395-405

Author(s):

Renaldy Christian Siahaan ◽

Zaenal Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Particle Density ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Forest Area ◽

Land Uses ◽

Organic C ◽

Available Water

UB forest area has various land uses, namely the use of agroforestry land based on coffee and seasonal crops. This will result in various physical properties of the soil in each use, therefore this study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil in different land uses and obtain optimal land use in the UB Forest area. The research was conducted from June to September 2020 in Malang district. The study was conducted on land use of pine forest areas, pine agroforestry + coffee, pine agroforestry + seasonal crops, mahogany agroforestry + coffee and mahogany agroforestry + seasonal crops. The parameters observed included analyzing bulk density, particle density, porosity, available water, water content pF 2.5 and 4.2, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, texture and organic-C. The results showed that land use in the forest area of UB affected the physical soil, namely bulk density, particle density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and aggregate stability. Other physical properties, namely soil texture in the UB area. Dominant forest with dusty and clayey clay textures while available water had no significant effect and pine land use is optimal use based on physical properties of soil density, density, aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity and is supported by the value of organic-C. Soil organic matter in coffee pine land use also has the highest value than other land ranges from 3.44 to 5.07%

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Evaluation of the short-term effect of tillage practices on soil hydro-physical properties

Polish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.17951/pjss.2019.52.1.43 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Omid Bahmani

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Retention ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Available Water ◽

The Impact

Tillage is one of the most important practices that have a significant influence on the soil hydro-physical properties. In this study, the impact of the type and number of input variables with five different methods of the Retc model to predicting the moisture retention curve and soil water content in three surfaces tillage NT (No-tillage), CP (Chisel Plough) and MP (Moldboard Plough) and the impact of tillage systems on soil hydro-physical properties were evaluated. According to results, when the field capacity and wilting point moisture was added to input data in Retc to predict the moisture curve model parameters, the EF was increased in MP (0.977, 0.95) and CP (0.891, 0.86) treatments compare the NT (0.665, 0.608). The Mualem–Van Genuchten model can describe satisfactorily the simulation of soil physical properties. The S-index, which was also affected by tillage, was greater than 0.066 in all tillage treatments, indicating good soil physical quality. Results indicated that NT had the highest and lowest values of bulk density (1.55 Mgr.m-3) and total available water (TAW) (0.038 m.m-1), respectively, and the differences between NT and MP in total porosity was significant. Overall, in most soil layers, tillage practices affected the porosity and total available water in the order MP > CP > NT. Water retention curves indicated that the water retention capacity was greater in tilled than in no-tilled and saturated hydraulic conductivity values were greater in tilled treatments than in NT soil.

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The contribution of rock fragments to the available water content of stony soils: Proposition of new pedotransfer functions

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 40-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. Tetegan ◽

B. Nicoullaud ◽

D. Baize ◽

A. Bouthier ◽

I. Cousin

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Pedotransfer Functions ◽

Rock Fragments ◽

Available Water ◽

Available Water Content

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Spatial variability studies of soil hydro-physical properties using GIS for sustainable crop planning of a watershed of eastern India and its testing in a rainfed rice area

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr03133 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gouranga Kar ◽

Ravender Singh ◽

Harsh Nath Verma

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Eastern India ◽

Water Capacity ◽

Available Water ◽

Rainfed Rice ◽

Rice Area ◽

Available Water Capacity

In this study soil hydro-physical properties such as soil texture, available water capacity, and organic carbon, along with existing land use and topography of a representative watershed of eastern India (Kadalipal watershed, 20.80–20.86°N and 85.54–86.50°E, Dhenkanal district, Orissa), were spatially mapped after collecting data from different sources (ground-truthing, profile survey, remote sensing satellite imagery). Since availability of water is confined to the south-west monsoon period (rainy season, June–September), eastern India is mainly mono-cropped, dominated by rice but second crops can be planned based on the soil hydro-physical properties, mainly water retention and available water of the soil profile utilising residual soil moisture. Keeping the existing land use as a base and considering the potential and prospects of soil hydro-physical properties in different topographies, in this investigation, an alternative land-use plan was developed in different parts of the watershed and tested in its rainfed rice area. Since direct measurement of available water capacity or soil water constants over a large area is time-consuming, pedo-transfer functions were also developed to predict soil water constants using easily measured parameters (e.g. cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, oven-dry bulk density, soil texture, calcium carbonate, etc.) of arable land of the watershed. Results of implementation revealed that the new cropping system was practical for increasing production, productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the rainfed rice area of the eastern India.

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Physical Properties of Soils from Several Land Uses in a Tidal Swampland Area Applied with a Fork Irrigation System

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i3.167-174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Ani Susilawati ◽

Dedi Nursyamsi ◽

Haris Syahbuddin

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Availability ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Rubber Plantation ◽

Land Uses ◽

Available Water ◽

Mineralogical Properties

In Indonesia, tidal swampland is potential to be developed into agricultural land uses. Water management is the key success of farming on the tidal swampland. In the tidal swampland of Kalimantan, Indonesia, a fork irrigation system is widely applied in the water channels to supply irrigation water to the land. Besides irrigation, soil physical characteristics play an important role in controlling water availability for crops. The ability of soil to store water will determine the amount of available water that can be taken up by plants. This research aimed to determine the soil physical properties that are related to water availability in the soils from different land uses in a tidal swamp land area applied with a fork irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in dry season 2012, in Belawang, Barito Kuala district, South Kalimantan province. The soil samples were taken from four land uses, namely rice field, rubber plantation, mixed cropping, and unmanaged land. The soil physical properties, namely soil bulk density, particle density, porosity, texture, pF 1, pF 2, pF 2.54, pF 4, water content, total pore space, rapid drainage pores, slow drainage pores, available water, groundwater level were measured. In addition, the mineralogical properties of the soils were measured as well. The results showed that the physical properties of the soils taken from different land use varied, however, the change of the land use did not cause changes in the soil mineralogical properties. The mineralogy of the soils from different land uses are relatively the same, namely: quartz, illite, and chlorite.

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