Biological Activity of Humic Substances Is Related to Their Chemical Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Muscolo ◽  
Maria Sidari ◽  
Emilio Attinà ◽  
Ornella Francioso ◽  
Vitaliano Tugnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chemical Structure

scholarly journals Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Humic Substances Define Their Role as Plant Growth Promoters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Serenella Nardi ◽  
Michela Schiavon ◽  
Ornella Francioso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Key Functional Groups ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Humic substances (HS) are dominant components of soil organic matter and are recognized as natural, effective growth promoters to be used in sustainable agriculture. In recent years, many efforts have been made to get insights on the relationship between HS chemical structure and their biological activity in plants using combinatory approaches. Relevant results highlight the existence of key functional groups in HS that might trigger positive local and systemic physiological responses via a complex network of hormone-like signaling pathways. The biological activity of HS finely relies on their dosage, origin, molecular size, degree of hydrophobicity and aromaticity, and spatial distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The molecular size of HS also impacts their mode of action in plants, as low molecular size HS can enter the root cells and directly elicit intracellular signals, while high molecular size HS bind to external cell receptors to induce molecular responses. Main targets of HS in plants are nutrient transporters, plasma membrane H+-ATPases, hormone routes, genes/enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, cell division, and development. This review aims to give a detailed survey of the mechanisms associated to the growth regulatory functions of HS in view of their use in sustainable technologies.

scholarly journals Electrochemically Produced Copolymers of Pyrrole and Its Derivatives: A Plentitude of Material Properties Using “Simple” Heterocyclic Co-Monomers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jarosz ◽  
Przemyslaw Ledwon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Heterocyclic System ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Pyrrole Derivatives ◽  
Pyrrole Monomer

Polypyrrole is a classical, well-known conjugated polymer that is produced from a simple heterocyclic system. Numerous pyrrole derivatives exhibit biological activity, and the repeat unit is a common building block present in the chemical structure of many polymeric materials, finding wide application, primarily in optoelectronics and sensing. In this work, we focus on the variety of copolymers and their material properties that can be produced electrochemically, even though all these systems are obtained from mixtures of the “simple” pyrrole monomer and its derivatives with different conjugated and non-conjugated species.

Cytokinin activity of some substituted ureas and thioureas

1966 ◽  
Vol 165 (999) ◽  
pp. 245-265 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Detectable Activity ◽  
Low Activity

N , N '-Diphenylurea was shown to have reproducible cytokinin activity . Some 500 ureas, mainly of the N -monosubstituted and N , N '-disubstituted types, were tested an d about one half of these were active. Attempts were made to correlate chemical structure with biological activity. Although there are some exceptions to nearly every generalization it has been possible to formulate some principles. (1) Phenyl urea was the simplest active compound. (2) An HNCONH bridge conferred higher activity than an HNCSNH linkage and any other tested arrangement of the bridge gave inactive com pounds. (3) Compounds in which both amino hydrogen atoms on one or both sides of the bridge were substituted were of low activity or were inactive. (4) Many com pounds of the type R NHCONH 2 in which R = a substituted phenyl ring were tested. Ring substitution generally increased the activity and the highest activity was associated with meta substitution and the lowest with ortho . Compounds with electron-attracting substituents were generally more active than those with electron-donating substituents. Pyridyl compounds were active but com pounds with non-planar rings were inactive. (5) In compounds of the type R NHCONH R ' in which R and R ' were phenyl or substituted phenyl groups the highest activities were usually found in com pounds with one unsubstituted phenyl ring. Those with two substituted phenyl groups generally had lower activity. Some ureas showed detectable activity at 0.1 parts/10 6 . This was about four times less active than kinetin when tested in the tobacco pith assay.

scholarly journals Expanding the chemical information science gateway

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Bajorath
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Science Gateway ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Scientific Environment

Broadly defined, chemical information science (CIS) covers chemical structure and data analysis including biological activity data as well as processing, organization, and retrieval of any form of chemical information. The CIS Gateway (CISG) of F1000Research was created to communicate research involving the entire spectrum of chemical information, including chem(o)informatics. CISG provides a forum for high-quality publications and a meaningful alternative to conventional journals. This gateway is supported by leading experts in the field recognizing the need for open science and a flexible publication platform enabling off-the-beaten path contributions. This editorial aims to further rationalize the scope of CISG, position it within its scientific environment, and open it up to a wider audience. Chemical information science is an interdisciplinary field with high potential to interface with experimental work.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents of Chaenomeles sinensis twigs and their biological activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 3078-3085
Author(s):  
Joon Min Cha ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Lalita Subedi ◽  
Zahra Khan ◽  
Sang Un Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Chaenomeles Sinensis ◽  
Modified Mosher’S Method

A new megastigmane-type norsesquiterpenoid glycoside, chaemeloside (1), was isolated from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis together with 11 known phytochemicals through chromatographic methods. The chemical structure of the new isolate 1 was determined by conventional 1D and 2D NMR data analysis, ECD experiment, hydrolysis followed by a modified Mosher’s method, and LC–MS analysis. The characterized compounds’ biological effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, antineuroinflammatory activity, and potential neurotrophic effect were evaluated.

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