Predicting Species Distributions Using Environmental Data: Case Studies UsingStylosanthesSw.

2015 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Mark C. Sawkins ◽  
Nigel Maxted ◽  
Peter G. Jones ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Luigi Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Environmental Data

Construction of Agri-Environmental Data Using Computational Methods

2011 ◽  
pp. 727-748
Author(s):  
Susumu Uchida ◽  
Kiyotada Hayashi ◽  
Masaei Sato ◽  
Shingo Hokazono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Database Construction

Increased public focus on agri-environmental issues and recent policies on agricultural sustainability have necessitated the construction of a life cycle inventory (LCI) database for agricultural production systems. However, the current progress of LCI database construction is far from being complete in both developed and developing countries. In this chapter, an integrated view for a data-construction methodology for agri-environmental assessment is proposed. The applications of computational methods to the construction processes are also proposed, with a special focus on Japanese case studies. After discussing the methods for construction, the implications of LCI construction are presented, which includes the following issues: how to make a transition to sustainability, and how to achieve informed and science-based policy decisions by increasing the applicability of life cycle assessment and the level of preparedness. The Japanese case studies should support assessment and decisions in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Indoor Temperature Validation of Low-Income Detached Dwellings under Tropical Weather Conditions

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alexis Barrientos-González ◽  
Ricardo E. Vega-Azamar ◽  
Julio C. Cruz-Argüello ◽  
Norma A. Oropeza-García ◽  
Maritza Chan-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Indoor Temperature

Urban territorial expansion generated in the last decades has brought a series of consequences, such as the variation between urban and suburban weather conditions affecting indoor temperature and increasing electricity consumption derived from the use of cooling systems. Current approaches of simulation models in residential buildings use indoor environmental data for carrying out validations to propose hygrothermal comfort alternatives for the mitigation of the effects of the external environmental conditions on the interior spaces of dwellings. In this work, an hourly evaluation of both indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of two case studies in a tropical climate was carried out, by means of a whole-building simulation approach tool during a week representative of the warmest period of the year. The integration of the collected environmental data in the theoretical model allowed us to reduce the error range of the estimated indoor temperature with results in normalized mean bias error between 7.10% and −0.74% and in coefficient of variation of the root mean square error between 16.72% and 2.62%, in the different indoor zones of the case studies. At the same time, the energy assessment showed a difference of 33% in Case 1 and −217% in Case 2 for final electricity consumption.

Environmental Data

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Townsend Peterson ◽  
Jorge Soberón ◽  
Richard G. Pearson ◽  
Robert P. Anderson ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Niche Modeling ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Niche Models

This chapter focuses on the conceptual and applied aspects of environmental data in the context of building and interpreting ecological niche models. It first examines how different suites of environmental factors may affect species distributions across a range of spatial scales before discussing which and how many variables are needed for ecological niche modeling. It then reviews the diverse sources of environmental datasets that are of potential utility in ecological niche modeling and concludes by considering a number of challenges involved in designing and choosing environmental data for ecological niche modeling. These challenges include data preparation, data quality, spatial extent, resolution in space and time, types of environmental data, and ancillary data.

Mapping species distributions with social media geo-tagged images: Case studies of bees and flowering plants in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Medhat ElQadi ◽  
Alan Dorin ◽  
Adrian Dyer ◽  
Martin Burd ◽  
Zoë Bukovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Flowering Plants

Statistical models for spatially explicit biological data

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (14) ◽  
pp. 1852-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. ROGERS ◽  
LUIGI SEDDA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Geostatistical Techniques ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYExisting algorithms for predicting species' distributions sit on a continuum between purely statistical and purely biological approaches. Most of the existing algorithms are aspatial because they do not consider the spatial context, the occurrence of the species or conditions conducive to the species' existence, in neighbouring areas. The geostatistical techniques of kriging and cokriging are presented in an attempt to encourage biologists more frequently to consider them. Unlike deterministic spatial techniques they provide estimates of prediction errors. The assumptions and applications of common geostatistical techniques are presented with worked examples drawn from a dataset of the bluetongue outbreak in northwest Europe in 2006. Emphasis is placed on the importance and interpretation of weights in geostatistical calculations. Covarying environmental data may be used to improve predictions of species’ distributions, but only if their sampling frequency is greater than that of the species’ or disease data. Cokriging techniques are unable to determine the biological significance or importance of such environmental data, because they are not designed to do so.

scholarly journals Imprecisely georeferenced specimen data provide unique information on species' distributions and environmental tolerances: Don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Murphy ◽  
David Henderson ◽  
Kelley D. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Geographic Distributions ◽  
Environmental Tolerances

Conservation assessments frequently use occurrence records to estimate species' geographic distributions and environmental tolerances. Typically, records with imprecise geolocality information are discarded before analysis because they cannot be matched confidently to environmental conditions. However, removing records can artificially truncate species' environmental and geographic distributions. Here we evaluate the trade-offs between using versus discarding imprecise records when estimating species' ranges and climatic tolerances. We collated records from 44 species in the genus Asclepias (milkweeds). Records were designated "precise" if they could be matched confidently to environmental data, and "imprecise" if not. We compared estimates of extent of occurrence (EOO), climatic niche breadth, and exposure to climate change using precise records only, as well as precise plus imprecise records together. To estimate EOO, we conservatively assigned imprecise records to points within their area of likely collection that were closest to the centroid of precise records. Similarly, to estimate climatic tolerances and exposure to climate change, we matched imprecise records to climate values that were most similar to the mean across precise records. Across all species, including imprecise records increased EOO by 85% (median value; range across species: 0-2011%). Univariate niche breadth in mean annual temperature and precipitation increased by 25% (0-353%) and 28% (0-292%), respectively, while multivariate niche volume increased by 175% (8-13909%). Adding imprecise records increased suitable area in the present and area that remained suitable in the future. Imprecise records provide novel information about species' distributions and climatic niche tolerances. While the default practice of discarding imprecise records ensures that only accurate data are used, it dramatically reduces estimates of range size and overestimates exposure to climate change. The benefits of discarding imprecisely geolocated records must be balanced against the loss of information incurred by their elimination.

scholarly journals What difference do data make? Data management and social change

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan E. Currie ◽  
Britt S. Paris ◽  
Joan M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to expand on emergent data activism literature to draw distinctions between different types of data management practices undertaken by groups of data activists. Design/methodology/approach The authors offer three case studies that illuminate the data management strategies of these groups. Each group discussed in the case studies is devoted to representing a contentious political issue through data, but their data management practices differ in meaningful ways. The project Making Sense produces their own data on pollution in Kosovo. Fatal Encounters collects “missing data” on police homicides in the USA. The Environmental Data Governance Initiative hopes to keep vulnerable US data on climate change and environmental injustices in the public domain. Findings In analysing the three case studies, the authors surface how temporal dimensions, geographic scale and sociotechnical politics influence their differing data management strategies. Originality/value The authors build upon extant literature on data management infrastructure, which primarily discusses how these practices manifest in scientific and institutional research settings, to analyse how data management infrastructure is often crucial to social movements that rely on data to surface political issues.

Construction of Agri-Environmental Data Using Computational Methods

2011 ◽  
pp. 412-433
Author(s):  
Susumu Uchida ◽  
Kiyotada Hayashi ◽  
Masaei Sato ◽  
Shingo Hokazono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Database Construction

Increased public focus on agri-environmental issues and recent policies on agricultural sustainability have necessitated the construction of a life cycle inventory (LCI) database for agricultural production systems. However, the current progress of LCI database construction is far from being complete in both developed and developing countries. In this chapter, an integrated view for a data-construction methodology for agri-environmental assessment is proposed. The applications of computational methods to the construction processes are also proposed, with a special focus on Japanese case studies. After discussing the methods for construction, the implications of LCI construction are presented, which includes the following issues: how to make a transition to sustainability, and how to achieve informed and science-based policy decisions by increasing the applicability of life cycle assessment and the level of preparedness. The Japanese case studies should support assessment and decisions in developed and developing countries.

Corporate Sustainability: Challenge to Managerial Orthodoxies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Sustainability Management

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of corporate sustainability. It examines why achieving sustainability is becoming an increasingly vital issue for society and organisations, defines sustainability and then outlines a set of phases through which organisations can move to achieve increasing levels of sustainability. Case studies are presented of organisations at various phases indicating the benefits, for the organisation and its stakeholders, which can be made at each phase. Finally the paper argues that there is a marked contrast between the two competing philosophies of neo-conservatism (economic rationalism) and the emerging philosophy of sustainability. Management schools have been strongly influenced by economic rationalism, which underpins the traditional orthodoxies presented in such schools. Sustainability represents an urgent challenge for management schools to rethink these traditional orthodoxies and give sustainability a central place in the curriculum.

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