Horticultural Crop Germplasm: 500 Years of Exchange

In 1991, the USDA–ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station made available for distribution 129 accessions of germplasm representing 31 genera of herbaceous ornamentals. This number increased to 329 accessions of 42 genera by 1995. During 1991–95, more than 500 seed packets were distributed to fulfill requests for these plants received from a diverse array of public and private researchers. An analysis of this demand together with expert advice from Crop Germplasm Committees and technical considerations, such as ease of culture and seed production, can help set priorities to plan germplasm regeneration to meet future demand. A recent analysis of demand at U.S. National Plant Germplasm System active sites indicated that demand ranging between 0.23 and 0.97 distributions per available accession per year was typical. Of the 42 ornamental genera analyzed in this study, 9 were demanded more frequently than was typical, 10 were demanded less frequently, with the remainder in the typical range. In order of increasing frequency, the nine genera with the highest distribution rates were Verbena, Gypsophila, Echinacea, Lapeirousia, Delphinium, Cerastium, Baptisia, Lilium, and Tanacetum. Six of these genera are represented only by a single available accession. Notably, Echinacea and Tanacetum are of research interest both as ornamentals and as medicinal/industrial crops. This poster gives a brief overview of the economic value of these genera, display the results of the demand analysis, discuss the results relative to recommendations from Crop Germplasm Committees and requestors, and consider how demand can shape management plans for the acquisition and regeneration of ornamental germplasm.

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Precision agriculture and geospatial techniques for sustainable disease control

Indian Phytopathology ◽

10.1007/s42360-021-00334-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel P. Roberts ◽

Nicholas M. Short ◽

James Sill ◽

Dilip K. Lakshman ◽

Xiaojia Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Disease Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Data Driven ◽

Agricultural Community ◽

Plant Disease Control ◽

Crop Germplasm

AbstractThe agricultural community is confronted with dual challenges; increasing production of nutritionally dense food and decreasing the impacts of these crop production systems on the land, water, and climate. Control of plant pathogens will figure prominently in meeting these challenges as plant diseases cause significant yield and economic losses to crops responsible for feeding a large portion of the world population. New approaches and technologies to enhance sustainability of crop production systems and, importantly, plant disease control need to be developed and adopted. By leveraging advanced geoinformatic techniques, advances in computing and sensing infrastructure (e.g., cloud-based, big data-driven applications) will aid in the monitoring and management of pesticides and biologicals, such as cover crops and beneficial microbes, to reduce the impact of plant disease control and cropping systems on the environment. This includes geospatial tools being developed to aid the farmer in managing cropping system and disease management strategies that are more sustainable but increasingly complex. Geoinformatics and cloud-based, big data-driven applications are also being enlisted to speed up crop germplasm improvement; crop germplasm that has enhanced tolerance to pathogens and abiotic stress and is in tune with different cropping systems and environmental conditions is needed. Finally, advanced geoinformatic techniques and advances in computing infrastructure allow a more collaborative framework amongst scientists, policymakers, and the agricultural community to speed the development, transfer, and adoption of these sustainable technologies.

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Conservation of crop germplasm: an overview of the FAO/IBPGR regional programme for South West Asia

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000009088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 265-271

Author(s):

W. G. Ayad

Keyword(s):

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Full Range ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Set Up ◽

Crop Germplasm ◽

Erosion Action

SynopsisThe International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) has paid particular emphasis to SW Asia in its endeavour to collect, conserve and promote utilisation of the world's plant germplasm. This is in view of the region's rich genetic diversity in many crop plants and their weedy/wild relatives, coupled with its alarming rate of genetic erosion. Action during the past decade has focused on collecting mainly cereal and grain legume crops and their closest wild relatives within the framework of a regional programme encompassing six countries. Gene banks were also set up in these member countries to handle a full range of operations including seed storage, characterisation/preliminary evaluation and documentation. In future, emphasis will be placed on ecogeographical surveys prior to mounting collecting missions and on more characterisation/preliminary evaluation work.

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Salinity-Induced Enhancement of Horticultural Crop Quality

Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress,Third Edition - Books in Soils, Plants, and the Environment ◽

10.1201/b10329-58 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1173-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catherine Grieve

Keyword(s):

Horticultural Crop ◽

Crop Quality

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Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Hortikultura di Lahan Pasir melalui Pemanfaatan Kayambang (Salvinia molesta) sebagai Trichokompos

PengabdianMu Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.33084/pengabdianmu.v6i4.1846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 369-375

Author(s):

Rahmawati Budi Mulyani ◽

Lilies Supriati ◽

Melhanah Melhanah ◽

Susi Kresnatita

Keyword(s):

Control Plant ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mentoring Program ◽

Salvinia Molesta ◽

Horticultural Crop ◽

Self Help ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Farmer Groups

Lebak swamp weeds such as Kayambang (Salvinia molesta) grow abundantly. They can be used as compost, which effectively improves soil fertility, increasing nutrients N, P, and P K quickly and environmentally friendly. The effectiveness of compost fertilizer needs to be increased by adding indigenous microbes as decomposers and biological agents to control plant diseases. The activities carried out to empower horticultural farmer groups on sandy land in Tanjung Pinang Village, Palangka Raya are through socialization, training in composting with three types of antagonist fungus Trichoderma sp. (Trichocompost), facilitate the procurement of weed chopping machines, assist farmers in horticultural crop cultivation, and increase farmers' independence in self-supporting organic fertilizers. The use of Kayambang as Trichocompost with microbial decomposers and indigenous biological agents is new knowledge for partner farmers. The application of Trichocompost on the demonstration plots shows that eggplant plant growth and yields are excellent, meaning that Trichocompost can improve the fertility of sandy soils. Farmers participating in the training stated that the use of Trichocompost could reduce farming costs because it can substitute for manure that has been used by farmers and can meet the self-help needs of organic fertilizers. Participants wanted an advanced mentoring program because the farmers had not yet mastered the isolation or propagation of biological agents and decomposer microbes.

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Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Parameters of Tomato

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04725-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guoting Liang ◽

Junhui Liu ◽

Jingmin Zhang ◽

Jing Guo

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Horticultural Crop ◽

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Nonstomatal Limitation

Drought has become an important factor limiting crop yields in China. As an important greenhouse horticultural crop in China, the research of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Jinpeng No.10) is of great theoretical and practical significance. In the study, four different relative soil moisture contents (74% to 80%, 55% to 61%, 47% to 52%, and 25% to 30%) were used to induce drought stress. We investigated changes in photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and other related physiological parameters in response to different relative soil moisture contents. Drought inhibited the photosynthesis of tomato significantly, as shown by a clear decline in the net photosynthetic rate. Our results indicated stomatal limitation and nonstomatal limitation were responsible for the photosynthesis reduction.

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