Endogenous Cytokinin Levels and Growth Responses to Extended Photoperiods for Creeping Bentgrass under Heat Stress

Crop Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Wang ◽  
Qingzhang Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Growth Responses

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

Cytokinin Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Heat Stress: I. Shoot and Root Growth

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Gary Banowetz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera) Tolerance to Sulfosulfuron

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Better Than

Sulfosulfuron was recently registered for grassy weed control in creeping bentgrass, but turf sensitivity is a concern for intensively managed golf courses. Field and growth chamber experiments in New Jersey investigated creeping bentgrass growth responses and tolerance to sulfosulfuron. Creeping bentgrass chlorosis increased with sulfosulfuron rate but turf had less chlorosis from sequential sulfosulfuron applications compared to bispyribac–sodium. Herbicide-treated turf had similar root weight compared to untreated turf on six sampling dates. In growth-chamber experiments, creeping bentgrass treated with sulfosulfuron had chlorosis and clipping weight reductions exacerbated by reductions in temperature from 25 to 15 C. Overall, creeping bentgrass appears to tolerate sequential sulfosulfuron applications better than or comparable to bispyribac-sodium in early summer, whereas creeping bentgrass sensitivity to sulfosulfuron increases at cooler temperatures.

Overexpression of Arabidopsis ABF3 gene confers enhanced tolerance to drought and heat stress in creeping bentgrass

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Sung Choi ◽  
Yong-Min Kim ◽  
Ok-Jin Hwang ◽  
Yun-Jeong Han ◽  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

scholarly journals Suppression of Shade- or Heat-induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass through Transformation with the ipt Gene for Cytokinin Synthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Xing ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Thomas Gianfagna ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis ◽  
Whole Plants

Cytokinins have been associated with delaying or suppressing leaf senescence in plants. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the expression of the ipt gene that encodes adenine isopentenyltransferase would delay leaf senescence induced by shade or heat stress in a perennial grass species. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera cv. Penncross) was transformed with ipt isolated from agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) using two gene constructs (SAG12-ipt and HSP18-ipt) designed to activate cytokinin synthesis during shade or heat stress. Whole plants of nine SAG12-ipt transgenic lines and the nontransgenic control plants were incubated in darkness at 20 °C for 20 days. Chlorophyll content of all transgenic lines and the control line decreased after dark treatment, but the decline was less pronounced in transgenic lines. All transgenic lines had higher isopentenyladenine (iP/iPA) content than the control line after 20 days of treatment. In six of the transgenic lines, iP/iPA content remained the same or higher after dark treatment. Whole plants of nine HSP18-ipt transgenic lines and the control plants were incubated at 35 °C for 7 days. Chlorophyll and iP/iPA content declined in the control plants, but the nine transgenic lines had a significantly higher concentration of iP/iPA and were able to maintain chlorophyll content at the prestress level. Our results suggest that expression of SAG12-ipt or HSP18-ipt in creeping bentgrass resulted in increases in cytokinin production, which may have led to the delay and suppression of leaf senescence induced by shade or heat stress.

scholarly journals Heat-induced Leaf Senescence and Hormonal Changes for Thermal Bentgrass and Turf-type Bentgrass Species Differing in Heat Tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Aba Content

Leaf senescence can be induced by many environmental stresses, including supraoptimal temperatures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate leaf senescence induced by heat stress for two Agrostis species contrasting in heat tolerance and to examine whether heat-induced leaf senescence in both species was associated with changes in three major senescence-related hormones: ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins. Plants of heat-tolerant rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) and heat-sensitive creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were exposed to 35/30 °C (day/night) (high temperature) or 20/15 °C (control) for 35 d in growth chambers. Turf quality, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and the contents of two pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) for both species decreased under high temperature; however, heat-tolerant A. scabra exhibited delayed and less severe decline in all parameters compared with heat-sensitive A. stolonifera. Ethylene production rate increased in both species at 35 °C, but the increase was observed 21 days later in A. scabra compared with that in A. stolonifera. ABA content increased at the initiation of heat stress and then declined in both species after prolonged heat stress. However, the timing of the increase was delayed for 7 days and the highest level of ABA content was less in A. scabra (4.0 times that of the control) than that in A. stolonifera (5.9 times that of the control). Decreases in both forms of cytokinins (transzeatin/zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine) were also delayed for 14 days and less pronounced in A. scabra. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf senescence induced by heat stress was negatively correlated to ethylene and ABA accumulation and positively correlated to cytokinin production. Delayed leaf senescence in A. scabra under heat stress could be related to slower and less magnitude of changes in ethylene, ABA, and cytokinins.

scholarly journals Effects of Extended Daylength on Shoot Growth and Carbohydrate Metabolism for Creeping Bentgrass Exposed to Heat Stress

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhang Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Carbohydrate Availability ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Daily Total

Heat injury in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds) has been associated with decreases in carbohydrate availability. Extending light duration may increase carbohydrate availability and thus improve growth of creeping bentgrass under heat stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether turf performance and carbohydrate status could be improved by extending daily light duration for creeping bentgrass exposed to supraoptimal temperature conditions. `Penncross' plants were initially grown in growth chambers set at a day/night temperature of 20/15 °C and 14-hour photoperiod and then exposed to a day/night temperature of 33/28 °C (heat stress) and three different light durations: 14 (control), 18, and 22 hours (extended light duration) for 30 days. Turf quality and tiller density decreased with the duration of heat stress, as compared to the initial level at 20 °C, regardless of the light duration. However, both parameters increased with extended light duration from 14 to 18 or 22 hours. Extended light duration, particularly to 22 hours, also improved canopy net photosynthetic rate from -1.26 to 0.39 μmol·m-2·s-1 and daily total amount of carbon assimilation from -6.4 to 31.0 mmol·m-2·d-1, but reduced daily total amount of carbon loss or consumption to 50% through dark respiration compared to 14 hours treatment by the end of experiment. In addition, extending light duration from 14 to 22 hours increased water-soluble carbohydrate content in leaves both at the end of light duration and the dark period. These results demonstrated that extending light duration improved turf performance of creeping bentgrass under heat stress, as manifested by the increased tiller density and turf quality. This could be related to the increased carbohydrate production and accumulation. Supplemental lighting could be used to improve performance if creeping bentgrass is suffering from heat stress.

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