A New Method to Quantify the Impact of Soil Carbon Management on Biophysical Soil Properties: The Example of Two Apple Orchard Systems in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Deurer ◽  
Siva Sivakumaran ◽  
Stefanie Ralle ◽  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Ian McIvor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
New Method ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
The Impact

Vegetation Effects on Soil Properties in the Monteagle Sandy Loam Series: Implications for Land‐use Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Neil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are strongly influenced by the composition of the surrounding vegetation. We investigated soil properties of three ecosystems; a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest and an agricultural grassland, to determine the impact of land use change on soil properties. Disturbances such as deforestation followed by cultivation can severely alter soil properties, including losses of soil carbon. We collected nine 40 cm cores from three ecosystem types on the Roebuck Farm, north of Perth Village, Ontario, Canada. Dominant species in each ecosystem included hemlock and white pine in the coniferous forest; sugar maple, birch and beech in the deciduous forest; grasses, legumes and herbs in the grassland. Soil pH varied little between the three ecosystems and over depth. Soils under grassland vegetation had the highest bulk density, especially near the surface. The forest sites showed higher cation exchange capacity and soil moisture than the grassland; these differences largely resulted from higher organic matter levels in the surface forest soils. Vertical distribution of organic matter varied greatly amongst the three ecosystems. In the forest, more of the organic matter was located near the surface, while in the grassland organic matter concentrations varied little with depth. The results suggest that changes in land cover and land use alters litter inputs and nutrient cycling rates, modifying soil physical and chemical properties. Our results further suggest that conversion of forest into agricultural land in this area can lead to a decline in soil carbon storage.

scholarly journals 3D Finite Element Model Simulating the Behaviour of Filling Soils Used to Set Up a New Placement Method for Separate Sewer Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Alaa Abbas ◽  
Felicite Ruddock ◽  
Rafid Alkhaddar ◽  
Glynn Rothwell ◽  
Iacopo Carnacina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Buried Pipes ◽  
The Impact

The use of a finite element (FE) method and selection of the appropriate model to simulate soil elastoplastic behaviour has confirmed the importance and sensitivity of the soil properties on the accuracy when compared with experimental data. The properties of the filling soil play a significant role in determining levels of deformation and displacement of both the soil and subterranean structures when using the FE model simulation. This paper investigates the impact of the traffic load on the filling soil deformation when using the traditional method, one pipe in a trench, and a new method, two pipes in a single trench one over the other, for setting up a separate sewer system. The interaction between the buried pipes and the filling soils has been simulated using an elastoplastic FE model. A modified Drucker–Prager cap constitutive model was used to simulate the stress-strain behaviours of the soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to identify the elastoplastic properties of the composite soil used to bury the pipes. The FE models were calibrated using a physical lab model for testing the buried pipes under applied load. This allows the FE model to be confidently upgraded to a full-scale model. The pipe-soil interactions were found to be significantly influenced by the soil properties, the method of placing the pipes in the trench and the diameters of the buried pipes. The deformation of the surface soil was decreased by approximately 10% when using the new method of setting up the separate sewer.

A preliminary assessment of the impact of landslide, earthflow, and gully erosion on soil carbon stocks in New Zealand

Geomorphology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Basher ◽  
Harley Betts ◽  
Ian Lynn ◽  
Mike Marden ◽  
Stephen McNeill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact

Wildfire effects on soil carbon and water repellency under eucalyptus forest in Eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Heath ◽  
Chris J. Chafer ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop ◽  
Floris F. Van Ogtrop
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties can be considerably modified as a result of wildfire. This study examined the impact of wildfire on total carbon and water repellency at two study sites, namely Cranebrook and Wentworth Falls, located 45 and 75 km west of Sydney, Australia, respectively. Within each study site, we measured soil properties at two depth intervals from five burn severity classes along 15 transects (10 sample points per transect). Samples were taken 6, 12 and 36 months after wildfire. Soil total carbon was measured using LECO combustion analysis and potential soil water repellency was determined using water drop penetration time. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the results, with burn severity and time as factors. Burn severity had a significant effect on both soil total carbon and water repellency at both study sites, whereas time was only significant for soil carbon at Wentworth Falls. Soil total carbon and water repellency were variable through time due to local environmental variables, such as rainfall and temperature. The relationship between soil total carbon and water repellency was strong for Cranebrook in the surface soil (r = 0.62) and lower in the subsurface soil (r = 0.41), but weaker at Wentworth Falls, with values of r = 0.22 and r = 0.15 in the surface and subsurface soils respectively.

The impact of soil carbon management and environmental conditions on N mineralization

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inhea Kim ◽  
Markus Deurer ◽  
Siva Sivakumaran ◽  
Keun Young Huh ◽  
Steve Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
The Impact

A new method showing the impact of pulp refining on fiber-fiber interactions in wet webs

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belle Jürgen ◽  
Kleemann Stephan ◽  
Odermatt Jürgen ◽  
Olbrich Andrea
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
The Impact
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