Uncertainty Analysis of the Water Balance Technique for Measuring Seepage from Animal Waste Lagoons

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1370-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Waste Lagoons ◽  
Balance Technique

scholarly journals Bharat mein 1990-1999 ke dauraan shushkata visangatiyon ka kshetreey avem saamayik vishleshan

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Hari Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Anomaly Index

Aridity Anomaly Index (AAI), based on Thornthwaite’s water balance technique, has been used to identify the extent and persistence of aridity anomalies over 33 sub-divisions of India during a period of 10 years from 1990 to 1999. Regional and temporal analysis has been carried out to identify the areas and periods of intense and prolonged persistence.   This study has shown that 1992 was worst hit by the aridity conditions, which emerged in 5 or more fortnights. All sub-divisions of north India were affected by moderate aridity during 1990, 1992-94 and 1999. Similarly, all sub-divisions of peninsular India were influenced by moderate aridity during 1991, 1993 and 1999. Severe aridity appeared in all sub-divisions of peninsular India during 1990. The duration of severe aridity was less than that of moderate aridity during all years. Moderate and severe aridity appeared simultaneously in 5 or more fortnights in maximum 9 sub-divisions in 1992 and occurred during maximum 5 years in Madhya Maharashtra. Moderate aridity in 5 or more fortnights emerged each year during 1990 to 1999 in coastal Andhra Pradesh. In 1991, maximum 55% sub-divisions were affected by severe aridity in 9th  fortnight, whereas Saurashtra & Kutch was affected in 1996 and north Interior Karnataka in 1999 during maximum 7 fortnights.   In the year 1992, maximum number of sub-divisions under moderate and severe persistence was 70% and 24% respectively. In north India, moderate persistence appeared in east Rajasthan in all nine years except 1996, with its longest duration of 8 fortnights in 1995. West Madhya Pradesh, in peninsular India, was affected by moderate aridity during 7 fortnights in each year during the period of study from 1990 to 1999.

An evaluation of the water balance technique for the estimation of evapotranspiration for a mixed forest

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1622-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Papakyriakou ◽  
J. H. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Integration Period ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Ratio Energy

In the summer of 1987 a detailed field experiment was conducted at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute at Chalk River, Ontario, to evaluate the performance of the water balance technique for the estimation of evapotranspiration. Bowen ratio – energy balance estimates of evapotranspiration, available over a portion of an intensive measurement period, provided an independent check on the water balance estimates. The daily totals of evapotranspiration were on average 1% less than the Bowen ratio – energy balance estimate. The length of time required to maintain the evapotranspiration estimates below a 10% level of uncertainty using the water balance technique is 13 days. The lowest average daily percent probable error is obtained for an integration period with (i) a minimum number of precipitation events, (ii) a large number of days, and (iii) a high evapotranspiration rate.

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