Evaluation of Temporal, Spatial, and Cultivar Variation in Root Production and Mortality of Creeping Bentgrass using Minirhizotrons

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Xiaozhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Cultivar Variation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Avoidance Traits for Six Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. McCann ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare drought responses between the more recently developed creeping bentgrass cultivars to standard cultivars and 2) to determine differential drought tolerance and avoidance characteristics associated with cultivar variation in drought resistance. Six cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferia) (‘Penn A-4’, ‘Independence’, ‘Declaration’, ‘L-93’, ‘Penncross’, and ‘Putter’) were maintained in growth chambers at 20 °C day/15 °C night either well-watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding water for 17 days. Cultivars varied in turf performance and physiological responses (leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency) to drought stress, which was reflected in their differences in drought tolerance (osmotic adjustment) and drought avoidance traits (water use rate and efficiency, root viability, root length, and number). ‘Penn A-4,’ ‘Independence,’ and ‘L-93’ generally performed better than other three cultivars under drought conditions, mainly through maintaining higher water use efficiency, root viability, root elongation, or root production. The majority of physiological parameters evaluated suggested that of the six creeping bentgrass cultivars examined in this study, the three cultivars with better ability to survive drought stress used mainly avoidance traits related to water use and water uptake.

THE INFLUENCE OF WEAR AND NITROGEN ON CREEPING BENTGRASS GROWTH

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. KOHLMEIER ◽  
J. L. EGGENS
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Putting Green

The effects of nitrogen and wear stress on the growth of Penncross creeping bent-grass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) maintained as a putting green was evaluated from June 1978 to November 1979. The 8-yr-old sward was grown on a Fox sandy loam, mowed five times weekly and irrigated as required. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate at 1.5, 3.0 and 6 kg N∙100 m−2. Wear treatments, applied for specific periods of time, were zero, three and six passes per day. Turf injury was due to direct wear stress rather than soil compaction as the soil bulk density was unaltered by wear treatment. As wear treatments increased, thatch thickness, clipping yields and healing potential decreased. Electrical resistance measurements of leaf tissue decreased as wear stress increased. This technique provided a rapid and reliable estimate of leaf injury from wear stress. Nitrogen at 3 kg∙100 m−2 increased healing potential, turf greenness and root production over the zero N treatment. However, 6 kg N∙100∙m−2 was excessive. Despite the significant increase in green color, there was no significant increase in healing potential and root growth over the 3-kg rate and the annual bluegrass content of the turf was increased.Key words: Annual bluegrass, thatch, healing potential

scholarly journals Velvet Bentgrass and Creeping Bentgrass Growth, Rooting, and Quality with Different Root Zone Media and Fertility Regimes

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Watson ◽  
François Hébert ◽  
Eric M. Lyons ◽  
Theo Blom ◽  
Katerina S. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Agrostis Canina

Two complementary greenhouse studies were conducted to examine the effects of different root zones and fertilization regimes on ‘SR7200' velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) and L-93 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). In the first study, in which only velvet bentgrass was studied, peat content in the root zone mixture contributed significantly to initial establishment of this species and high seeding rates increased cumulative shoot dry weight early in establishment but became less significant as the turfgrass matured. Higher phosphorus rates contributed to increased cumulative shoot dry weight over the first 4 weeks of the experiment. Nitrogen rate was the most significant factor positively affecting both cumulative shoot dry weight and turfgrass quality. In the second experiment with both velvet bentgrass and creeping bentgrass, nitrogen rate significantly increased turfgrass quality when measured at Week 5, halfway through the experiment. Over time, however, turf growth and quality were negatively impacted in both species with increasing nitrogen rates. Root zone composition had a significant effect on initial establishment of both bentgrasses with greater peat content leading to higher quality early on. Cumulative shoot dry weight increased with increasing nitrogen rate but at higher rates, there was a concomitant decrease in root production.

Mowing Effects on Root Production, Growth, and Mortality of Creeping Bentgrass

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Production Growth

scholarly journals Phytohormone Responses and Cell Viability during Salinity Stress in Two Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanalkumar Krishnan ◽  
Emily B. Merewitz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Cultivar Variation

Salinity stress is becoming more prevalent in turfgrass management with the increasing use of recycled water for irrigation. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is a cool-season turfgrass species that contains significant cultivar variation in salt stress tolerance, but the mechanism related to this cultivar variation is not well understood. Our objectives were to determine whether differential hormone content could play a role in cultivar variation of salt responses and to evaluate whether cell viability assays using dye techniques could differentiate salt stress damage levels in turfgrass species. Therefore, a growth chamber study with potted plants was conducted to evaluate salt ion concentrations, physiological responses, and hormone analysis [abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and ethylene] at 4, 8, and 12 dS·m−1 in relatively salt-tolerant ‘Mariner’ compared with salt-sensitive ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass. A hydroponics-based growth chamber study was performed for evaluation of whether dead-cell stains coupled with image analysis could be a quick method for indicating cell viability variation between cultivars. Greater salt tolerance was evident in ‘Mariner’ at 12 dS·m−1, which showed significantly lower electrolyte leakage, higher leaf relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential, photochemical efficiency, and photochemical yield compared with ‘Penncross’. A higher K+ and lower Na+ content was maintained in leaves of ‘Mariner’ compared with ‘Penncross’ while roots of ‘Mariner’ maintained higher Ca2+ content under stressed and nonstressed conditions. Phytohormone levels showed a decline in salt-stressed roots compared with nonstressed plants but ‘Mariner’ roots were able to maintain levels higher than ‘Penncross’. ‘Mariner’ leaves showed an increased accumulation of ABA, JA, SA, and ZR while roots maintained higher IAA and SA compared with ‘Penncross’. The results suggest that ‘Mariner’ was able to mitigate salt stress by better ion regulation and differential regulation of hormones compared with ‘Penncross’. ‘Mariner’ leaves and roots showed significantly lower dead cells compared with ‘Penncross’ under salt stress. The results suggest that staining for cell viability could be a useful technique for studying turfgrass stress or other cellular responses.

Use of TEM in Plant Disease Diagnosis: A Xylem-Limited Bacterium Associated with Diseased ‘Toronto’ Creeping Bentgrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Karen K. Baker ◽  
David L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Plant Disease Diagnosis

Plant disease diagnosis is most often accomplished by examination of symptoms and observation or isolation of causal organisms. Occasionally, diseases of unknown etiology occur and are difficult or impossible to accurately diagnose by the usual means. In 1980, such a disease was observed on Agrostis palustris Huds. c.v. Toronto (creeping bentgrass) putting greens at the Butler National Golf Course in Oak Brook, IL.The wilting symptoms of the disease and the irregular nature of its spread through affected areas suggested that an infectious agent was involved. However, normal isolation procedures did not yield any organism known to infect turf grass. TEM was employed in order to aid in the possible diagnosis of the disease.Crown, root and leaf tissue of both infected and symptomless plants were fixed in cold 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of Spurrs and epon-araldite epoxy resins.

Cluster root production and P utilization of macadamia seedling under different P treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Hai YUE ◽  
Guo-Hua LI ◽  
Li-Lan CHEN ◽  
Guang-Hong KONG ◽  
Guo-Ping LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Root Production ◽  
Cluster Root ◽  
P Utilization

Influence of Pruning and Irrigation on Root Longevity of `Concord' Vines

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511a-511
Author(s):  
L.H. Comas ◽  
D.M. Eissenstat ◽  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
R. Dunst
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Root Lifespan ◽  
Median Lifespan

Improved cultural practices in grape require a better understanding of root growth and physiology. Seasonal root dynamics were examined in mature `Concord' vines with balanced or minimal-pruning, and with or without supplemental irrigation in Fredonia, N.Y. Fine roots were continuously produced during the growing season starting in mid-June around time of bloom. Roots began to die in September at verasion. Minimal-pruned vines produced more roots than balanced-pruned vines, with the minimal-pruned/unirrigated vines producing the most roots. Irrigation and pruning delayed fine root production at the beginning of the growing season. Peak fine root flush was 16 June to 21 July 1997 for the minimal-pruned/unirrigated treatment, while peak flush was 7 July to 2 Sept. 1997 for balanced-pruned/irrigated treatment. In minimal-pruned vines, many roots were observed down to depths of 120 cm. In contrast, balanced-pruned vines had very few fine roots deeper than 40 cm. From initial observations, median lifespan of fine roots was 5 to 9.5 weeks, depending on treatment and depth in soil. Fine roots lived longer in the top 15-cm than in the 16- to 30-cm layer of soil in all treatments. Both minimal pruning and irrigation increased root lifespan. Fine roots had the shortest lifespan in the balanced-pruned/unirrigated treatment and the longest lifespan in the minimal-pruned/irrigated treatment.

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