Plant Breeding, Crop Cultivars, and the Nature of Genetic Variability

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Fredrick A. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan (Physalis sp.)

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/1864 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effendy Effendy ◽  
Respatijarti Respatijarti ◽  
Budi Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
High Heritability

Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber biofarmaka dan buah di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi ini dapat dilakukan melalui penyediaan varietas-varietas unggul ciplukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas genetik melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Pemuliaan tanaman akan berhasil jika terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas dan heritabilitas tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas pada karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 34 aksesi ciplukan sebagai perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Areng-Areng, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu pada bulan Mei - September 2017. Karakter pada tanaman ciplukan ada yang mempunyai keragaman luas dan ada yang mempunyai keragaman sempit. Keragaman yang luas terdapat pada tinggi batang, jumlah bunga per tanaman, bobot per buah tanpa kelopak, bobot per buah dengan kelopak, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah segar per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Keragaman yang sempit terdapat pada karakter diameter batang, jumlah cabang tersier, jumlah bunga per cabang tersier, panjang tangkai buah, panjang kelopak, diameter kelopak, panjang buah, diameter buah, dan kemanisan buah. Nilai heritabilitas pada semua karakter termasuk kriteria tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh genetik lebih besar dibandingkan dengan faktor fenotip pada penampilan karakter tanaman ciplukan. Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) is one of the potential plant to be developed as a source of medical plant and fruit in Indonesia. Increase production of this plant can be done through the provision of improved varieties of ciplukan by increasing the genetic capacity through plant breeding programs. Plant breeding will be successful if there is high genetic variability and heritability. This study aimed to study genetic variability and heritability on the character of yield component and yield in Physalis. The experiment used a randomized block design with 34 accessions of ciplukan as treatment repeated three times. The research was conducted in Areng-Areng sub-district, Junrejo District, Batu City from May until September 2017. Characters in ciplukan plants have wide and narrow variability. Characters that have a wide variability are stem height, number of flower per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per plant, weight per fruit without husks, weight per fruit with husk, weight of fruit per plant, and weight of fresh fruit per plant. Characters that have narrow variability are stem diameter, number of tertiary branching, number of flower per tertiary branching, length of fruit stalk, husk length, husk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, and sweetness. All characters have high heritability. This shows a greater genetic influence compared to phenotypic factors on the appearance of ciplukan characters. Physalis, genetic variablity, heritabilityKey words : 

Influence of genetic background and heterozygosity on meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Barth ◽  
Albrecht E Melchinger ◽  
Beate Devezi-Savula ◽  
Thomas Lübberstedt
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Adjacent Marker ◽  
Genomic Regions

Plant breeding relies on genetic variability generated by meiotic recombination. Control of recombination frequencies is not yet possible, but would significantly extend the options for plant-breeding strategies. A prerequisite would be variability of recombination frequencies. In this study, 15 transgenic kanamycin (KR) and hygromycin (HR) resistance gene insertions mapping to the five Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes were used as genetic markers. Recombination frequencies were determined from the frequencies of resistance phenotypes within populations segregating for linked KR and HR markers. Recombination frequencies of marker pairs were compared among these four ecotypes, among F1s in both reciprocal forms derived from these ecotypes, and between F1s and their parent lines. On average, the recombination frequencies in F1 crosses were substantially higher (up to 2-fold) than in the homozygous parental ecotypes. A strong negative correlation between genetic similarities of ecotypes and recombination frequencies was detected for two adjacent marker pairs located on the long arm of chromosome 3, but not for marker pairs in other genomic regions. Our results suggest that heterozygosity influences recombination in plant breeding, and cannot be ignored in genetic mapping of genomes.Key Words: meiotic recombination, Arabidopsis, genetic background, heterozygosity, homozygosity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity using D2 Statistics in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Late Sown Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Velugoti Priyanka Reddy ◽  
Gaibriyal. M. Lal ◽  
Subhadra Pattanayak ◽  
Jakkam Mahipal Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Selection Of

An experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2019-20 at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad) consisting of 36 chickpea genotypes obtained from ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, U.P in RBD with three replications. The data was recorded on 13 traits to study the genetic divergence. Analysis of variance revealed that there was considerable genetic variability in the available germplasm for all the characters studied. Divergence analysis revealed that highest inter cluster distance (1505.25) was found between clusters I and V indicates that there is ample scope for selection of better parents.

scholarly journals Parameter genetik karakter dan seleksi 82 genotipe ercis di dataran rendah

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayang Ayudya Handini ◽  
Darmawan Saptadi ◽  
Budi Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Augmented Design

AbstrakErcis (Pisum sativum L.) ialah salah satu tanaman dari famili Fabaceae dan tergolong tanaman legume yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Studi pemuliaan tanaman pada ercis ditujukan untuk mendapat hasil yang optimal di berbagai wilayah penanaman, salah satunya dataran rendah. Keberhasilan program seleksi memerlukan parameter genetik seperti keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter 82 genotipe ercis dan menentukan genotipe yang berpotensi dikembangkan di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan berdasarkan rancangan augmented design dengan 82 genotipe uji dan tiga pembanding (cek). Karakter yang memiliki keragaman luas dan heritabilitas tinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot brangkasan daun, bobot brangkasan batang, bobot polong kering per tanaman, dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Genotipe-genotipe yang terseleksi di dataran rendah berdasarkan karakter bobot polong kering per tanaman dan bobot biji kering per tanaman ialah 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 dan Batu-2.Kata Kunci: Ercis, keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, seleksi, dataran rendah AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of plants from Fabaceae family and belongs to legume crop that have high economic value. Plant breeding studies on pea are intended to obtain optimal yield in various cultivation areas, one of which is in lowland. The success of selection program requires genetic parameters such as genetic variability and heritability. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variability and heritability of 82 pea genotypes and select the genotypes to be developed in lowland. The experiment was conducted based on the augmented design with 82 pea genotypes tested and three checks. The characters that have wide variability and high value of heritability were found in characteristics of weight of dry leaves, weight of dry stem, dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight. The selected pea genotypes in lowland based on characteristics of dry pods per plant weight and dry seeds per plant weight were 03(16)(2)-1, Batu-1-1 and Batu-2.Keywords: Pea, genetic variability, heritability, selection, lowland

scholarly journals Genetic divergence and genetic gain in bread wheat through selection practices

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ferdous ◽  
UK Nath ◽  
A Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Selection Practices

Genetic diversity is essential to meet the diversified goals of plant breeding such as producing cultivars with increased yield, wider adaptation, desirable quality, pest and disease resistance. In this study genetic diversity and selection index of 24 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated. The performance of 24 wheat genotypes showed that there were significant variations for the characters suggesting the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters viz. I, II, III, IV and V based on Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics. Cluster I and II were the largest group containing six genotypes and the rest three clusters contained four, five and three genotypes respectively. The genotyps belonging to the same group had smaller D2- value than between those belonging to different clusters. Study on selection indices through discriminate function showed that Anza ranked as the best followed by the genotypes Rawal, PBW-373 and Kheri and suggests that these highest scoring genotypes might be recommended for farmers’ cultivation for better yield and it would be expected genetic gain upto 49.77% through selection practices based on the characters studied. Therefore, a crossing programme could be made among the genotypes belonging in cluster I and cluster V will provide maximum heterotic combination, especially for yield of bread wheat. Alternatively, among the studied genotypes Anza could be cultivated for better performance. Keywords: Genetic divergence; Genetic gain; Selection indices; Bread wheatDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8736 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 1-4

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN TAGASASTE

1987 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Dr Woodfield ◽  
M.B. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Species Variability

A collection of 65 accessions of tagasaste was grown in Palmerston North for description and analysis of potentially useful variation within the species. Variability within populations of tagasaste was high (74-90% of the phenotypic variation) but differences between populations were also evident. In particular there is a large amount of potentially useful variation both within and between populations for production and growth habit. Initial evidence suggests that much of this variation is heritable, with broad-sense heritabilities ranging from 36-64%, and that the potential for breeding Improved varieties is good. Keywords: Browse shrubs, plant breeding, growth habit, heritability Chamaecytisus palmensis.

Use of molecular markers in participatory plant breeding: assessing the genetic variability in cotton populations bred by farmers

2008 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lançon ◽  
J.-P. Pichaut ◽  
M. Djaboutou ◽  
S. Lewicki-Dhainaut ◽  
C. Viot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Heritability of Green Super Rice (GSR) Lines Resistance to Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Untung Susanto ◽  
Nafisah Nafisah ◽  
Wage R. Rohaeni ◽  
Baehaki S. E. ◽  
Sarlan Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Rice Ragged Stunt Virus ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Brown plant hopper (BPH) is one of the main pest of rice in Indonesia and it occurred every years with fluctuate acreage.  BPH is also vector of Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV).  Green Super Rice (GSR) was designed to have resistance to major pests and diseases so that it need less pesticides and thus save ro environment. GSR was developed in IRRI and China and was tested in Indonesia since 2009 until now (2019).  This research was aimed to study the genetic variability and heritability of 26 selected GSR lines to RRSV and RGSV along with four check varieties.  The experiment was conducted in ICRR Sukamandi and Pusakanagara Experimental Station.  The experiment was arranged following randomized complete block design with three replications.  Transplanting was done into 21 days old seedling into 25 cm x 25 cm planting space of 1 m x 1 m plot.  BPH and virus investation was occured narturally due to BPH outbreak along the season (DS 2010).  Percentage of plant showing RRSV and RGSV symtom was measured as consideration the resistance of plant to the viruses.  The results showed that the tested genotypes had high genetic variability and heritability classified as medium in the resistance to RGSV.  The genotypes showed low genetic variability and heritability in the resistance to RRSV.  It implies that breeder effort is feasible to develop resistant lines to RGSV.  HUANGHUAZHAN and HHZ 12-Y4-Y3-Y1 are consistently resistant to RGSV and can be used as donors in further plant breeding activities. The selection of resistant individuals in populations of plant breeding material recommended to be done on earlier generations for RGSV and further generation for RSSV.</p>

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