Effects of Cover Crops and Phosphorus Sources on Maize Yield, Phosphorus Uptake, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Pavinato ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues ◽  
Amin Soltangheisi ◽  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Paul John Anthony Withers
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Classification for the Phosphorus Use Efficiency Traits at the Seedling Stage in Lentil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muraleedhar S Aski ◽  
Neha Rai ◽  
Venkat Praksh Reddy ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Wild Lentil ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: Understanding the morphology of the root system in lentils is critical for the identification of root characteristics for breeding cultivars with enhanced phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) to better adapt to poor P environments. PUE and variability in root morphological characteristics at the early vegetative stage were investigated among 40 indigenous and exotic lentil genotypes in a hydroponic phenotyping system.Results: A prerequisite for developing P-efficient crop cultivars is to categorise existing germplasm. In this experiment, 40 lentil genotypes were grown for 24 days under P deficit (3 μm KH2PO4) and P adequate (250 μm KH2PO4) conditions in hydroponics. Lentil genotypes exhibited significant variability for root, biomass, and P efficiency traits. Different techniques have identified various genotypes of lentils based on the efficiency of phosphorus uptake (PUPE) and the efficiency of phosphorus utilization (PUTE). IG 568229 showed the highest PUPE, while the wild ILWL-15 lentil showed the lowest PUPE in both media. The wild lentil ILWL-95 showed maximum PUTE under P adequate medium. The IC 560135, IG 334, IG 560157 and IG 568229 genotypes were found to be highly efficient at both P levels and to be ideal for a large range of P levels without having a drastic impact on biomass output.Conclusions: The primary step for breeding more P-efficient crop plants is the classification of the germplasm. IC 560135 and IC 268238 contrasting lentil lines may be useful for mapping population development, mapping and tagging of gene(s), QTLs for PUE in lentil. These efficient P crops also ensure food and nutritional security, in addition to reducing the cost of cultivation.

scholarly journals Main Root Adaptations in Pepper Germplasm (Capsicum spp.) to Phosphorus Low-Input Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pereira-Dias ◽  
Daniel Gil-Villar ◽  
Vincente Castell-Zeising ◽  
Ana Quiñones ◽  
Ángeles Calatayud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Use Efficiency

Agriculture will face many challenges regarding food security and sustainability. Improving phosphorus use efficiency is of paramount importance to face the needs of a growing population while decreasing the toll on the environment. Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is widely cultivated around the world; hence, any breakthrough in this field would have a major impact in agricultural systems. Herein, the response to phosphorus low-input conditions is reported for 25 pepper accessions regarding phosphorus use efficiency, biomass and root traits. Results suggest a differential response from different plant organs to phosphorus starvation. Roots presented the lowest phosphorus levels, possibly due to mobilizations towards above-ground organs. Accessions showed a wide range of variability regarding efficiency parameters, offering the possibility of selecting materials for different inputs. Accessions bol_144 and fra_DLL showed an interesting phosphorus efficiency ratio under low-input conditions, whereas mex_scm and sp_piq showed high phosphorus uptake efficiency and mex_pas and sp_bola the highest values for phosphorus use efficiency. Phosphorus low-input conditions favored root instead of aerial growth, enabling increases of root total length, proportion of root length dedicated to fine roots and root specific length while decreasing roots’ average diameter. Positive correlation was found between fine roots and phosphorus efficiency parameters, reinforcing the importance of this adaptation to biomass yield under low-input conditions. This work provides relevant first insights into pepper’s response to phosphorus low-input conditions.

scholarly journals Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5983
Author(s):  
Khalid Ibrahim ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Chang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, both as a component of several important plant structural compounds and as a catalyst in the conversion of numerous important biochemical reactions in plants. The soil Olsen P (OP) level is an important factor affecting crop production and P-use efficiency (PUE). We tested the effect of six OP levels and P doses on maize yield, where the P doses were 0, 22, 44, 59, 73, and 117 kg P2O5 ha−1, with three replications, from 2017 to 2019. The response of crop yield to the OP level can be divided into two parts, below 28 mg kg−1 and above 28 mg kg−1. The change point between the two parts was determined as the agronomic critical level for maize crops in the study area. The PUE (%) increased with soil OP levels and decreased with P fertilizer application rates. In addition, results for the low P application rate (P2), 22 kg P2O5 ha−1, showed that PUE significantly increased with an increase in the soil OP level compared with PUE at a low OP level (OP1), 0 kg P2O5 ha−1. The PUE value increased by 49.5%, 40.1%, and 32.4% at a high OP level (OP6) in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, compared to that at a low OP level (OP1). At the same OP levels, in all three years, the PUE at a high P application rate (P6) decreased significantly, in the range of 62.8% to 78.7%, compared to that at a low P application rate (P2). Under an average deficit of 100 kg ha−1 P, the OP level of the soil in all three years decreased by 3.9 mg kg−1 in the treatment without P addition (P1) and increased by 2.4–3.5 mg kg−1 in the P treatments for each 100 kg ha−1 P surplus. A phosphorus application rate of 44 kg P2O5 ha−1 and an OP level of 28 mg kg−1 are sufficient to obtain an optimum yield, increase the PUE, and reduce environmental hazards in the study area in northeastern China.

Re-oligotrophication as a challenge for tropical reservoir management with reference to Itaparica Reservoir, São Francisco, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gunkel ◽  
M. Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Aquatic Biodiversity ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cage Aquaculture

The process of reservoir eutrophication has been recognised as a central problem in tropical reservoir environmental quality. Effects of eutrophication are complex interactions involving a decrease in water quality, especially loss of aquatic biodiversity, occurrence of undesired species such as cyanobacteria with its cyanotoxins, mass development of macrophytes such as Egeria densa with its mechanical impact on turbines, and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, mainly of methane. The eutrophication process can be described by the OECD critical load concept or related models. The phosphorus use efficiency is given by the Chl a–P – relationship, indicating eutrophic conditions by only 10 μg L−1 P in Itaparica Reservoir, Brazil. Eutrophication of the reservoir is quantified for internal phosphorus sources (inflow, mineralisation of inundated soils and vegetation, net cage aquaculture) and external ones (agriculture, emissions of natural caatinga vegetation and rural communities) The actual internal P load is calculated to be 0.40 g m−2 a−1, and the critical P load is given with 1.20 g m−2 a−1. The external P load amounts about 1.16 g m−2 a−1 and thus exceeds the critical export rate of 7.1 kg km−2 a−1 by 50%, thus a bundling of measurements has to be considered when attempting to promote re-oligotrophication.

scholarly journals The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Ko-Eun Lee ◽  
Sang-Mo Kang ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ion Influx ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Plants

Optimizing nutrient usage in plants is vital for a sustainable yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Since silicon and phosphorus are considered key elements for plant growth, this study assessed the efficient supplementation strategy of silicon and phosphorus in soybean plants under salt stress through inoculation using the rhizospheric strain—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2. The screening analysis of MU2 showed its high salt-tolerant potential, which solubilizes both silicate and phosphate. The isolate, MU2 produced gibberellic acid (GA1, GA3) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and tartaric acid) in pure culture under both normal and salt-stressed conditions. The combined application of MU2, silicon, and phosphorus significantly improved silicon and phosphorus uptake, reduced Na+ ion influx by 70%, and enhanced K+ uptake by 46% in the shoots of soybean plants grown under salt-stress conditions. MU2 inoculation upregulated the salt-resistant genes GmST1, GmSALT3, and GmAKT2, which significantly reduced the endogenous hormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid while, it enhanced the salicylic acid content of soybean. In addition, MU2 inoculation strengthened the host’s antioxidant system through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and proline while, it enhanced the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, MU2 inoculation promoted root and shoot length, plant biomass, and the chlorophyll content of soybean plants. These findings suggest that MU2 could be a potential biofertilizer catalyst for the amplification of the use efficiency of silicon and phosphorus fertilizers to mitigate salt stress.

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