Carbon Dioxide Control in an Open System that Measures Canopy Gas Exchanges

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Baker ◽  
Dennis C. Gitz ◽  
Paxton Payton ◽  
Katrina J. Broughton ◽  
Michael P. Bange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Open System ◽  
Gas Exchanges

Field Evaluation of Open System Chambers for Measuring Whole Canopy Gas Exchanges

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Baker ◽  
Dennis C. Gitz ◽  
Robert J. Lascano
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Gas Exchanges

GAS EXCHANGES AND BLOOD GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FORG RANA RIDIBUNDA

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-908
Author(s):  
M. G. EMíLIO
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

1. The respiratory exchanges through the lungs and skin of frogs and the time courses of blood gas concentrations were studied during emergence and diving periods. 2. Most of the total oxygen uptake is carried out through the lungs. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood falls to very low levels a few minutes after diving, showing that the cutaneous respiratory surface cannot compensate for the lack of lung respiration. 3. Most of the metabolic carbon dioxide is disposed of through the skin. Although the skin output is maintained through diving periods, there is an important rise in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood following submergence. However, the total concentration of CO2 in the blood decreases, as does the blood pH value. 4. This phenomenon is probably the result of a metabolic acidosis due to the switching on of anaerobic processes during diving periods.

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

scholarly journals A direct pathway for the conversion of propionate into pyruvate in Moraxella lwoffi

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hodgson ◽  
J. D. McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Propionate Metabolism ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Lyase Activity

1. The identity of the organism previously known as Vibrio O1 (N.C.I.B. 8250) with a species of Moraxella is established. 2. The ability of cells to oxidize propionate is present only in cells with an endogenous respiration and this ability is increased 80-fold when the organism is grown with propionate. 3. Isocitrate lyase activity in extracts from propionate-grown cells is the same as that in extracts from lactate-grown cells, about tenfold greater than that in extracts from succinate-grown cells and slightly greater than half the activity in extracts from acetate-grown cells. 4. With arsenite as an inhibitor conditions were found in which the organism would catalyse the quantitative oxidation of propionate to pyruvate. When propionate was completely utilized pyruvate was metabolized further to 2-oxoglutarate. 5. The oxidation of propionate by cells was incomplete both in a ‘closed system’ with alkali to trap respiratory carbon dioxide and in an ‘open system’ with an atmosphere of oxygen+carbon dioxide (95:5). Acetate accumulated. Under these conditions [2−14C]- and [3−14C]-propionate gave rise to [14C]acetate. The rate of conversion of [2−14C]propionate into 14CO2, although much less than the rate of conversion of [1−14C]propionate into 14CO2, was slightly greater than the rate of conversion of [3−14C]propionate into 14CO2. 6. The oxidation of propionate by cells was complete in an ‘open system’ with an atmosphere of either oxygen or air. Under these conditions very little [1−14C]propionate was converted into 14C-labelled cell material. The conversion of [2−14C]- and [3−14C]-propionate into 14C-labelled cell material occurred at an appreciable rate, the rate for the incorporation of [3−14C]propionate being slightly more rapid. In the absence of a utilizable nitrogen source part of the [14C]propionate was incorporated into some reserve material, which was oxidized when added substrate had been completely utilized. 7. [14C]-Pyruvate produced from [14C]propionate was chemically degraded. The C(1) of propionate was found only in C(1) of pyruvate. At least 86% of C(2) of pyruvate was derived from C(2) of propionate and at least 92% of C(3) of pyruvate from C(3) of propionate. 8. These results are incompatible with the operation of any of the previously described pathways for propionate metabolism except the direct one, perhaps via an activated acrylate.

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Evasion From an Open System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jonathan Hodson ◽  
Aga Nowak ◽  
Kelly Robert Redeker ◽  
Erik S. Holmlund ◽  
Hanne Hvidtfeldt Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Open System ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics

Development and Validation of Mathematical Model for Gas Transmission through Thin Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 2005-2009
Author(s):  
Zhao Jun Ban ◽  
Jian Hua Feng ◽  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A mathematical model to predict oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour exchanges in non-perforated and micro-perforated thin films in modified atmosphere packaging system has successfully been proposed. Validation of the mathematical model was found to yield good prediction for gas exchanges in the mass of the produce after comparison with the experimental results of modified atmosphere packaging for Lycopersicon esculentum fruit.

Open-System Chamber for Measurements of Gas Exchanges at Plant Level

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Alterio ◽  
Pasquale Giorio ◽  
Giuseppe Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Plant Level

Colorimetric Enzymatic Determination of Serum Total Carbon Dioxide, as Applied to the Vickers Multichannel 300 Discrete Analyzer

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A Norris ◽  
Alan R Atkinson ◽  
William G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Open System ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Enzymatic Determination

Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) has been used in developing a simple, inexpensive colorimetric assay for serum total carbon dioxide in an open system. The oxaloacetate formed by the action of the enzyme on bicarbonate and phosphoenolpyruvate is measured by use of the diazonium salt of Fast Violet B. Interferences from bilirubin, pyruvate, and drugs are negligible. Acetoacetate interference is significant only in highly ketotic samples, and a serum blank corrects for it. Serum protein interference is equivalent to 3.3 ± 1.25 mmol of CO2 per liter and hence is sufficiently constant to be corrected for by use of a serum standard or serum blank. The method has been applied to the Vickers M-300 and D-300 systems and within-batch standard deviations of ±0.1 to ±0.6 mmol/liter have been observed. Excellent correlation with orthodox techniques has been obtained.

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