Molecular Aspects of Renal Handling of Aminoglycosides and Strategies for Preventing the Nephrotoxicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Nagai ◽  
Mikihisa Takano
Keyword(s):  
Renal Handling ◽  
Molecular Aspects

scholarly journals Renal Handling of Albumin—From Early Findings to Current Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5809
Author(s):  
Jakub Gburek ◽  
Bogusława Konopska ◽  
Krzysztof Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Lysosomal Degradation ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Pressure Transport ◽  
Colloidal Osmotic Pressure

Albumin is the main protein of blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid. The protein participates in a variety of important biological functions, such as maintenance of proper colloidal osmotic pressure, transport of important metabolites and antioxidant action. Synthesis of albumin takes place mainly in the liver, and its catabolism occurs mostly in vascular endothelium of muscle, skin and liver, as well as in the kidney tubular epithelium. Long-lasting investigation in this area has delineated the principal route of its catabolism involving glomerular filtration, tubular endocytic uptake via the multiligand scavenger receptor tandem—megalin and cubilin-amnionless complex, as well as lysosomal degradation to amino acids. However, the research of the last few decades indicates that also additional mechanisms may operate in this process to some extent. Direct uptake of albumin in glomerular podocytes via receptor for crystallizable region of immunoglobulins (neonatal FC receptor) was demonstrated. Additionally, luminal recycling of short peptides into the bloodstream and/or back into tubular lumen or transcytosis of whole molecules was suggested. The article discusses the molecular aspects of these processes and presents the major findings and controversies arising in the light of the research concerning the last decade. Their better characterization is essential for further research into pathophysiology of proteinuric renal failure and development of effective therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Kidney involvement in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: an update on clinical and molecular aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. R39-R52 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Verdelli ◽  
S Corbetta
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Parathyroid Surgery ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Kidney Involvement ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease. Kidney is a target of both chronic elevated PTH and calcium in PHPT. The classic PHPT complications of symptomatic kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis have become rare and the PHPT current presentation is asymptomatic with uncertain and long-lasting progression. Nonetheless, the routine use of imaging and of biochemical determinations have revealed the frequent occurrence of asymptomatic kidney stones, hypercalciuria and reduced kidney function in asymptomatic PHPT patients. Though the pathogenesis is far from being elucidated, PHPT is associated with reduced renal function, in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate, and related increased morbidity and mortality. In the last decade, the effort of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) panel of experts highlighted that even mild reduction of kidney function is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These considerations provided the basis for the Fourth Workshop recommendations of a more extensive diagnostic workout about kidney features and of wider criteria for parathyroid surgery including asymptomatic kidney disease. Moreover, kidney involvement in PHPT is likely to be affected by variants of genes coding the key molecules regulating the calcium and ions renal handling; these features might have clinical relevance and should be considered both during diagnostic workout and follow-up. Finally, the effects of parathyroid surgery and of medical treatment on kidney involvement of PHPT are reviewed.

Molecular Aspects of Defibrination in a Case of Amniotic Fluid Embolism

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 0724-0727 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Graeff ◽  
R Hafter ◽  
R von Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Embolism ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Effect of insulin on systemic and renal handling of albumin in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Catalano ◽  
E. Muscelli ◽  
A. Quinones Galvan ◽  
S. Baldi ◽  
A. Masoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Handling

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
End Stage

In recent decades, the main pathogenetic mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass and strength have been discovered. Most of the scientific papers on the molecular aspects of the  pathogenesis of sarcopenia were focused on the Akt-signaling  pathway. The subject of the study were people of elderly and senile  age, immobilized patients, patients with CKD 1-4 stages, animals. However, recently more attention has been paid to the role  of protein – the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. It seems to be a key link in the control of muscle mass and is a promising  marker in understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of  sarcopenia. Its importance in protein metabolism in patients with  end stage kidney disease is not studied and requires further research. The presented scientific review contains  information on the role of mTOR and its components – mTORC1 and mTORC2 in maintaining muscle mass and strength in a healthy  person and in the formation of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. The  general aid of mTORC1 complex is regulation of protein production  which is necessary for cell growth and differentiation. mTORC2  complex functions are not enough studied. It is established that it  plays important role in such biological processes as cytoskeleton  organization, intracellular homeostasis maintaining, so it provides  cell resistance and cell survivability in negative external and internal  impulses. mTOR protein can be considered as promising molecular  marker in diagnostics of protein metabolism early disturbances in  patients with CKD and also as additory factor of sarcopenia severity assessment.

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