scholarly journals Preko Ilirije do Evrope

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Mihajlović
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Archaeology in Serbia was shaped as a discipline by the end of the 19th century. Its founders, mainly educated at the universities in the German-speaking lands, in the spirit of Altertumswissenschaft, have brought with them the corresponding attitude towards the Classical antiquity. In the process of transfer of the concepts a certain blurring occurred, but not absolute abandonment of the previous narratives about the ancient past, for example the one developed in the framework of Proto-Illyrism. From its inception in the humanistic histories of the 16th century, the Proto- Illyrian idea was the framework of political action, the pivotal point of identity construction, but as well the grounds for territorial aspirations. In these tendencies a major role was played by the Classical past. Through the usage of Classical ethnonyms and toponymes, political concepts and historical narratives, the advocates of Proto-Illyrism took part in the positioning of the Balkans in the temporal and spatial domain of the modern Europe. The paper points to the role of the Proto-Illyrian idea in the affirmation and/or legitimizing of various interests (individual, group), as well as in constructing various identities in the Western Balkans.

Сирия (аш-Шам) в системе османских владений (XVI – начало XX в.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Zhantiev
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

Аннотация В статье рассматривается роль и место Сирии (включая Ливан и Палестину) в системе османских владений на протяжении нескольких веков от османского завоевания до периода правления султана Абдул-Хамида II. В течение четырех столетий османского владычества территория исторической Сирии (Билад аш-Шам) была одним из важнейших компонентов османской системы и играла роль связующего звена между Анатолией, Египтом, Ираком и Хиджазом. Необходимость ежегодной организации хаджа с символами султанской власти и покровительства над святынями Мекки и Медины определяла особую стратегическую важность сирийских провинций Османской империи. Несмотря на ряд серьезных угроз во время общего кризиса османской государственности (конец XVI начало XIX вв.), имперскому центру удалось сохранить контроль над Сирией путем создания сдержек и противовесов между местными элитами. В XIX в. и особенно в период правления Абдул- Хамида II (18761909 гг.), сохранение Сирии под османским контролем стало вопросом существования Османской империи, которая перед лицом растущего европейского давления и интервенции потеряла большую часть своих владений на Балканах и в Северной Африке. Задача укрепления связей между имперским центром и периферией в сирийских вилайетах в последней четверти XIX в. была в целом успешно решена. К началу XX в. Сирия была одним из наиболее политически спокойных и прочно связанных со Стамбулом регионов Османской империи. Этому в значительной степени способствовали довольно высокий уровень общественной безопасности, развитие внешней торговли, рост образования и постепенная интеграция местных элит (как мусульман, так и христиан) в османские государственные и социальные механизмы. Положение Сирии в системе османских владений показало, что процесс ослабления и территориальной дезинтеграции Османской империи в эпоху реформ не был линейным и наряду с потерей владений и влияния на Балканах, в азиатской части империи в течение XIX и начала XX вв. происходил параллельный процесс имперской консолидации.Abstract The article examines the role and place of Greater Syria (including Lebanon and Palestine) in the system of Ottoman possessions over several centuries from the Ottoman conquest to the period of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. For four centuries of Ottoman domination, the territory of historical Syria (Bilad al-Sham) was one of the most important components in the Ottoman system and played the role of a link between Anatolia, Egypt, Iraq and Hijaz. The need to ensure the Hajj with symbols of Sultan power and patronage over the shrines of Mecca and Medina each year determined the special strategic importance of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Despite a number of serious threats during the general crisis of the Ottoman state system (late 16th early 19th centuries), the imperial center managed to maintain control over Syria by creating checks and balances between local elites. In the 19th century. And especially during the reign of Abdul Hamid II (18761909), keeping Syria under Ottoman control became a matter of existence for the Ottoman Empire, which, in the face of increasing European pressure and intervention, lost most of its possessions in the Balkans and North Africa. The task of strengthening ties between the imperial center and the periphery in Syrian vilayets in the last quarter of the 19th century was generally successfully resolved. By the beginning of the 20th century, Syria was one of the most politically calm and firmly connected with Istanbul regions of the Ottoman Empire. This was greatly facilitated by a fairly high level of public safety, the development of foreign trade, the growth of education and the gradual integration of local elites (both Muslims and Christians) into Ottoman state and social mechanisms. Syrias position in the system of Ottoman possessions clearly showed that the process of weakening and territorial disintegration of the Ottoman Empire during the era of reform was not linear, and along with the loss of possessions and influence in the Balkans, in the Asian part of the empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries there was a parallel process of imperial consolidation.

scholarly journals Russia and the problem of Kosovo and Metohija

Balcanica ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 243-268
Author(s):  
Predrag Simic
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Usa

Nearly ten years since the 1999 NATO military intervention against Serbia and the establishment of UN administration, Kosovo and Metohija has resurfaced as a topical issue in international politics, separating the positions of the USA and Russia, and becoming a precedent in international relations, possibly with far-reaching consequences not only for the future of the western Balkans but also for many territorial disputes worldwide. Russia has only recently pulled herself out of the years-long Chechnya crisis, and facing similar problems in her 'new neighborhood' (Abkhazia, South Ossetia Transdniestria), is among the countries that might be affected by this precedent. Secondly, with her bad experience in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Russia has become sensitive not only to any disturbance in the balance of power in the Balkans but also to any change to the existing international order. Moscow has not forgotten that during the 1990s many Westerners saw Serbia as a 'metaphor for Russia' and that the NATO interventions against the Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1995) and against Serbia (1999) revealed Russia's weakness, sending her the message to give up her interests in the Balkans and Europe. Thirdly, diverging American and Russian policies on Kosovo and Metohija coincide with their strained relations over the deployment of an antimissile 'shield' in Poland and the Czech Republic, the war in Iraq, policy towards Iran and other issues currently at the top of the list of international problems. Fourthly, meanwhile Russia has managed to recover from the disintegration of the USSR and to consolidate her economic and political power in Europe and the world, owing above all to oil and gas exports, but also to the export of industrial products (military in particular). The precedent that an independent Kosovo and Metohija would constitute in international relations is therefore a test of Russia's role as a permanent member of the UN Security Council. She has found herself in the role of the defender of the fundamental principles of international law such as the inviolability of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the UN members.

NOT NATURAL, NOR NEUTRAL: THE CULTURAL CONFIGURATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AFFORDANCES WITHIN CHILEAN INFLUENCER INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Arriagada ◽  
Ignacio Siles
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Technological Frames ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One ◽  
Technological Frame

This paper explores the configurations of social media’s affordances within the Chilean influencer industry. Chile has a growing number of professional social media influencers who blur global norms and local markets, working with both local brands and international campaigns. We argue for situating affordances within a wider context in which the features of platforms acquire particular meanings. Our analysis focuses on two dynamics. On the one hand, we examine how the Chilean influencer industry is shaped by a technological frame (Bijker, 1995) that structures the valence of affordances. We show that affordances are not “naturally” or “neutrally” imagined by actors but rather culturally located within technological frames that shape the discourses, values, and practices from which they obtain cultural meaning. On the other hand, we analyze how affordances provide a material support for the temporal and spatial expansion of technological frames. Thus, cultural contexts and platforms’ features mutually constitute each other in ways that have not always been recognized in the scholarly literature about affordances. We situate negotiations about what it means to be an influencer in Chile, the role of intermediaries (e.g. branding agencies), communication with followers, and the global influencer industry as part of this mutually constitutive relationship.

AUSTRIAN AND HUNGARIAN RESEARCHERS OF THE 19TH – 20TH CENTURIES. THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND ARCHIVES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Akhmed K. Chapanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Ottoman History ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the role of Austrian and Hungarian researchers of the 19th – 20th centuries in studying the history of the Ottoman Empire. It is noted that the earliest publications of the Ottoman documents were made in the first half of the 19th century. The orientalists J. von Hammer-Purgstall, A. Geway and A. Vambery made a significant contribution to the search for and use of archival documents during this period. In the first half of the 20th century, the Turkish scientists, with the active assistance of several European Orientalists, such as I. Karachon, P. Wittek and L.Fekete, began to reveal the contents of some Ottoman archives and systematize the documents. As a result of the activities of these researchers, a new stage was set in the study of the Ottoman history, diplomacy, and paleography, as well as in the development of archives administration in Turkey. The author concludes that the publication of the Ottoman documents, which contain valuable information about the socio-economic and political life of all the peoples of the Empire, contributed to the further scientific interest and analysis of the Ottoman documents. The studies conducted by the AustroHungarian scientists revealed that the archives of Turkey contain a large number of valuable materials that are important for studies in the history of the Turkish people and the peoples of the Arab countries, the Balkans, Iran, the Caucasus and all the countries that were under the Ottoman rule.

scholarly journals American Slavery Through the Eyes of British Women Travelers in the First Half of the 19th Century

Ad Americam ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Justyna Fruzińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Frances Trollope ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

My paper investigates 19th-century travel writing by British women visiting America: texts by such authors as Frances Trollope, Isabella Bird, or Frances Kemble. I analyze to what extent these travelers’ gender influences their view of race. On the one hand, as Tim Youngs stresses, there seems to be very little difference between male and female travel writing in the 19th century, as women, in order to be accepted by their audience, needed to mimic men’s style (135). On the other hand, women writers occasionally mention their gender, as for example Trollope, who explains that she is not competent enough to speak on political matters, which is why she wishes to limit herself only to domestic issues. This provision, however, may be seen as a mere performance of a conventional obligation, since it does not prevent Trollope from expressing her opinions on American democracy. Moreover, Jenny Sharpe shows how Victorian Englishwomen are trapped between a social role of superiority and inferiority, possessing “a dominant position of race and a subordinate one of gender” (11). This makes the female authors believe that as women they owe to the oppressed people more sympathy than their male compatriots. My paper discusses female writing about the United States in order to see how these writers navigate their position of superiority/inferiority.

Another turn of the screw on the history of the reaction object construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bouso ◽  
Pablo Ruano San Segundo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sentimental Novel ◽  
Direct Discourse ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article deals with the Reaction Object Construction (ROC), as in She smiled disbelief, where an intransitive verb (smile), by adding an emotional object (disbelief), acquires the extended sense “express X by V−ing” (i.e. “She expressed disbelief by smiling”). Earlier research has suggested a diachronic connection between the ROC and Direct Discourse Constructions (DDCs) of the type She smiled, “I don’t believe you” (Visser 1963–1973). More recently, Bouso (2018) has shown that the ROC is primarily a feature of 19th century narrative fiction. This paper aims to bring together these insights. On the basis of a self-compiled corpus and De Smet’s Corpus of English Novels, it investigates the productivity of the ROC in 19th and 20th century fiction, and the role of DDCs in its development. The results reveal a peak in the productivity of the ROC that coincides with the development of the sentimental novel, and a correlation between the development of the ROC on the one hand and of those DDCs that have been mistakenly hypothesised to be its single source constructions on the other. Extravagance is proposed as a triggering factor for the use of the ROC in the 19th century as an alternative to DDCs.

Children of the “Old Believers” as an object of the confessional policy of regional authorities in the second quarter of the 19th century (based on materials from the Vyatka province)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Victoria Mashkovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers the legal status of children of old believers in the second quarter of the XIX century. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and unpublished sources from the funds of Russian state historical archive and the Central archive of the Kirov region is characterized by major limitations in the area of family law in effect at the time of the reign of Nicholas I. Special attention is paid to the system of punishments for committing illegal actions by old believers, as well as the role of the family in the confrontation between old believers on the one hand and representatives of the authorities and the Russian Orthodox Church on the other.

scholarly journals The Balkan Area Development: Threats and Opportunities for Italian Companies’ Investment Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Francesco Scalera
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Strategic Behaviour ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Balkan Area ◽  
The One

<p>The globalisation of markets has called for, among others, two complementary requirements: on the one hand, the need to develop policies that are able to attract FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) by a number of transition economies, in order to boost the economic growth of the countries concerned and reduce the technological and socio-economic gap that separates them from the industrialised economies; on the other, the priority choice for companies to promote internationalisation, that is now considered as a necessary step to safeguard their competitiveness.</p><p>In particular, the analysis carried out starts with the evolution of the Balkan market, by collecting and describing  the macroeconomic data concerning the four Western Balkans countries (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia), representing those economies that are likely to join the EU in the coming years following the process started (official candidacy or accession negotiations).</p><p>Thus, the first part of the present paper aims at describing and analysing the operational and strategic behaviour of Italian companies, as well as their process of internationalisation in the abovementioned economies.</p><p>The analysis was carried out through submitting a questionnaire to managers and employees of companies operating in the Balkans; the results highlighted the main areas of the companies’ international management decision-making process (internationalisation decision, operating methods adopted and the results achieved).</p>Afterwards, the second part of the research sets the focus on the attractiveness degree reached in the area, following the reforms made by local governments that helped in improving the business climate, leading many Italian investors to operate in that area.

Zur Rezeption der Oratorien Haydns in Paris zwischen 1800 und 1850: Institutionelle und ästhetische aspekte

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Martin Loeser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Choral Societies ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Concert Life

In German speaking countries Haydn’s oratorios, and particularly TheCreation , have played an important role in the repertoire of choral societies and music festivals since the 1810s. However, in France, and also in Paris — “the capital of the 19th century” —, Haydn’s oratorios were performed only on rare occasions, and then they were given mostly in parts. The reasons for these circumstances can be seen in the institutional and esthetical context of the Parisian concert life. With respect to professional concert societies, like the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire , rigid obstacles were on the one hand the enormous financial risk of a complete oratorio performance. On the other hand the established type of concert programmes with its varied mixture of vocal and instrumental pieces functioned as a barrier. Most important was a lack of mixed amateur choral societies, which developed in Paris quite late, primary in the 1840s, and then only little by little. Since oratorio performances lasted to be mostly a private affaire in the first half of the 19th century, it is not surprising, that Haydn’s oratorios were studied in aristocratic salons of Princesse de Belgiojoso and Baron Delmar with the intention of both education and entertainment.

scholarly journals China in the Perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Ponkratova ◽  
◽  
Daria A. Tarakanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Body ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

The aim of the study is to form a holistic image of China as presented in the artistic and journalistic works of Fyodor Dostoevsky. The article examines the issue of China’s place in Dostoevsky’s works and its special significance for the formation of a holistic picture of the writer’s world. A broad historical and cultural background is presented, showing the relevance of Dostoevsky’s views on Chinese issues. Despite the existence of works devoted to the Chinese issue in the writer’s work, the issue of the place and significance of China in the writer’s heritage has not yet been resolved. For the first time, a number of fragments are introduced into academic discourse that reveal Chinese problems in the writer’s works. The imagological concept unfolds on the broad material of the entire body of Dostoevsky’s texts, bringing the scholarly apparatus of research to a new level. The article uses the following works: White Nights, Humiliated and Insulted, The Village of Stepanchikovo, The House of the Dead, The Idiot, Crime and Punishment, The Possessed, The Brothers Karamazov, the poem “On European Events in 1854”, A Writer’s Diary, preparatory materials for A Writer’s Diary, notebooks of 1864 and 1865. It is concluded that the understanding of the Chinese theme is in harmony with the general journalistic trends of the second half of the 19th century, on the one hand; on the other hand, the unique place of China in Dostoevsky’s creative mind is emphasized. A clear structure of the constituents that form the writer’s idea of China is proposed. China is considered in several significant aspects. China is a symbol of the alien and the distant. China is like a set of clichés and a fashion for Chinese household items. China is a real threat to the outskirts of Russia, Siberia. These positions are consistently analyzed in the article. The article also analyzes the Chinese attributes found in different works by Dostoevsky, demonstrates the writer’s acquaintance with the clichéd idea of China. The position of understanding China as a symbol of the alien and the distant is considered in detail. The article shows how the author imposes the realities of Chinese statehood and the principles of organizing society on Russian reality based on the key theme of chaos and disorder. Particular attention is paid to the perception of China as a real threat to the outskirts of Russia. In considering this aspect, Dostoevsky’s geopolitical ideas about the place and role of Siberia in the issue of the revival of Russia are touched upon. The need to expand the understanding of the specifics of Dostoevsky’s Asian views is shown by including a detailed analysis of China and the Asian outskirts of Russia, which undoubtedly are part of the writer’s circle of special reflections on the role and mission of Russia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document