scholarly journals Fungal Infection of Paranasal Sinus After COVID-19 Infection: A Tale of Two Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. C123-127
Author(s):  
Sunayana Mukesh Jangla ◽  
Atul Shivaji Wadawkar ◽  
Aniruddha Jayavant Randive ◽  
Sandip Sakharam Sakpal
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
A Site

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many twists and turns have occurred regarding its various aspects since the time it was first detected especially medical management. The COVID-19 symptom array has been ever expanding and recently secondary fungal infection has emerged as a top-up to the trouble. Post COVID-19 secondary fungal infections caused by Mucor have recently emerged as a cause of concern. However, infection caused by a combination of two fungal moulds from a site barring the lungs as a sequalae to the coronavirus disease comes as a surprise.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical profile of patients with chronic fungal maxillary sinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Vijay Gupta ◽  
Arindam Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fungal paranasal sinus disease is considered to be rare but there has been a marked increase in the number and diversity of reported cases of fungal infections of maxillary sinus in recent years. Objectives were to study the incidence of fungal infection in case of chronic maxillary sinusitis, to identify specific type of fungus involved in maxillary sinus infection and to study clinical profile of the patients with fungal infections of maxillary sinus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of was conducted involving the patients attending outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology, who were clinically and radiologically proved cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Patients diagnosed with underlying paranasal sinus malignancies were excluded from the study. 70 patients of chronic maxillary sinusitis were included in the study. Isolates were identified based on colonial and microscopical morphology. Subcultures were done and slide cultures were prepared to identify the fungi.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fungus was cultured from 12.8% of patients suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis. The most frequent victims of the disease were young persons in the second decade of life. All patients found positive for fungus had unilateral maxillary sinusitis. <em>Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans</em> and <em>Mucormycosis</em> were the various fungi isolated from cultures of antral washings.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of the study emphasise the role of fungi as important pathogens of chronic maxillary sinusitis. There must be high index of suspicion of fungal infection when a young adult with a unilateral antral opacity on X-ray with frank pus in antral washings.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Case Report: SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Are We Redeemed? A Report of Candida Spondylodiscitis as a Late Complication

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Olga Esteban-Sinovas ◽  
Daniel García-Pérez ◽  
Guillermo García-Posadas ◽  
Juan Delgado-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Late Complication

Background: We describe a case of candida spondylodiscitis secondary to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Case report: A 47-year-old man diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) required prolonged admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Four months later, he was diagnosed with thoracic candida spondylodiscitis. Medical management was insufficient, so he eventually underwent surgery.Discussions: Fungal infections seem to be more likely in patients with COVID-19, but it is unknown whether they are directly attributed to COVID-19 or other surrounding factors. Regardless of the answer, the diagnosis is complicated, and the mortality rate is high.Lessons: COVID-19 is posing a challenge to the society, and new and unexpected diseases that had once disappeared have risen again. It is our duty to suspect them and to treat them in the most effective way possible.

scholarly journals Risky business: oropharyngeal bacteria linked to risk for invasive fungal infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
A Site ◽  
Risky Business

This work combines a clinical investigation with a mouse model of fungal infection to study the role of bacterial microbiota in fungal invasion. The investigators identified a dysbiosis in the oropharyngeal mucosa that was associated with a high risk for invasive infection in hematologic oncology patients. This study builds on our current understanding that the pathogenesis of fungal infections has to be studied in the context of a specific host background and a site-specific bacterial microbiota.

scholarly journals The Prediction and Prognosis of Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients—A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Yae-Jee Baek ◽  
Yun-Suk Cho ◽  
Moo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Hoon Hyun ◽  
Yu-Jin Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients

(1) Background: Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are at substantial risk of invasive fungal disease (IFD), although no consensus has been reached on the use of antifungal agents (AFAs) after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prognosis of fungal infection after LTx in a single tertiary center in South Korea. (2) Methods: The study population included all patients who underwent LTx between January 2012 and July 2019 at a tertiary hospital. It was a retrospective cohort study. Culture, bronchoscopy, and laboratory findings were reviewed during episodes of infection. (3) Results: Fungus-positive respiratory samples were predominant in the first 90 days and the overall cumulative incidence of Candida spp. was approximately three times higher than that of Aspergillus spp. In the setting of itraconazole administration for 6 months post-LTx, C. glabrata accounted for 36.5% of all Candida-positive respiratory samples. Underlying connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, use of AFAs before LTx, a longer length of hospital stay after LTx, and old age were associated with developing a fungal infection after LTx. IFD and fungal infection treatment failure significantly increased overall mortality. Host factors, antifungal drug resistance, and misdiagnosis of non-Aspergillus molds could attribute to the breakthrough fungal infections. (4) Conclusions: Careful bronchoscopy, prompt fungus culture, and appropriate use of antifungal therapies are recommended during the first year after LTx.

scholarly journals Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Shuhoumi ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Underlying Pathology

For many years, fungi have emerged as significant and frequent opportunistic pathogens and nosocomial infections in many different populations at risk. Fungal infections include disease that varies from superficial to disseminated infections which are often fatal. No fungal disease is reportable in Oman. Many cases are admitted with underlying pathology, and fungal infection is often not documented. The burden of fungal infections in Oman is still unknown. Using disease frequencies from heterogeneous and robust data sources, we provide an estimation of the incidence and prevalence of Oman’s fungal diseases. An estimated 79,520 people in Oman are affected by a serious fungal infection each year, 1.7% of the population, not including fungal skin infections, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis or otitis externa. These figures are dominated by vaginal candidiasis, followed by allergic respiratory disease (fungal asthma). An estimated 244 patients develop invasive aspergillosis and at least 230 candidemia annually (5.4 and 5.0 per 100,000). Only culture and microscopy are currently available for diagnosis, so case detection is suboptimal. Uncertainty surrounds these figures that trigger the need for urgent local epidemiological studies with more sensitive diagnostics.

scholarly journals Rapidly dissolving microneedle patch of amphotericin B for intracorneal fungal infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyaa A. Albadr ◽  
Ismaiel A. Tekko ◽  
Lalitkumar K. Vora ◽  
Ahlam A. Ali ◽  
Garry Laverty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Microneedle Patch

AbstractChronic fungal infection of the cornea could lead to blindness if not treated properly. Topical amphotericin B (AMP-B) is considered the first treatment of choice for ocular fungal infection. However, factors related to its poor solubility and penetration through intact cornea lead to poor bioavailability. Microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a minimally invasive method to enhance ocular drug delivery. This study aims to investigate the potential use of biodegradable poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA)–based rapidly dissolving MNs for delivery of AMP-B to treat fungal infection. The data obtained illustrates PVP/HA MN arrays’ reproducibility, good mechanical strength, and faster dissolution with 100% drug recovery. Multiphoton microscopic results revealed that MNs successfully penetrate the corneal tissue and enhance AMP-B permeation through corneal layers. Furthermore, PVP/HA MN arrays showed high solubility. Both PVP and HA successfully decreased AMP-B cytotoxicity when compared to free drug. More interestingly, the biocompatible MN formulations preserved the antifungal activity of AMP-B, as demonstrated by significant inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, this study shows the feasibility of ocular delivery of the poorly soluble AMP-B using a fast-dissolving MN patch. Graphical abstract

Fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty: association with hypothermic corneal storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Lau ◽  
Aida Hajjar Sesé ◽  
Victor A Augustin ◽  
Geert Kuit ◽  
Mark R Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Donor Tissue ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Eye Banks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Host Cornea

PurposeTo compare the incidence of fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty (EK) when donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium or organ culture.MethodsWe describe the clinical features of 10 cases of fungal infection (keratitis or endophthalmitis) following EK identified at three European centres. Case definition was the culture of fungus or a positive PCR from the host cornea or anterior chamber after EK. A survey of the incidence of infection after EK was conducted by the European Eye Bank Association. The main outcome measure was the number of cases in which donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium compared with organ culture.ResultsThe 10 cases occurred between 2014 and 2017. All donor corneas had been stored in hypothermic medium sourced from three US eye banks. Three pairs of mate corneas caused infections in six recipients. Candida spp were identified from nine cases, with one isolate of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Data on 16 862 corneas supplied for EK were available from 16 European eye banks for the 5-year period from 2012. There were 17 reported cases of infection, of which 15 (88%) were fungal infections and 14 (82%) were Candida spp. Fungal infection was reported from 3 of 14 476 (0.02%) corneas supplied in organ culture compared with 12 of 2386 (0.50%) corneas supplied in hypothermic medium (p<0.0001). The incidence of infection after hypothermic storage was similar for material sourced from Europe (0.52%) or the USA (0.61%).ConclusionsInfection after EK is strongly associated with Candida spp. The possible explanations for the higher incidence of infection when tissue is stored in hypothermic medium are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Prophylactic Antifungal Protocols on the Prognosis of Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matching and Multistate Model Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chan Chen ◽  
Ting-Shuo Huang ◽  
Yu-Chao Wang ◽  
Chih-Hsien Cheng ◽  
Chen-Fang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Multistate Model ◽  
End Stage

Background. Whether routine antifungal prophylaxis decreases posttransplantation fungal infections in patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis for patients receiving OLT.Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of a database at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. We have been administering routine antibiotic and prophylactic antifungal regimens to recipients with high model for end-stage liver disease scores (>20) since 2009. After propensity score matching, 402 patients were enrolled. We conducted a multistate model to analyze the cumulative hazards, probability of fungal infections, and risk factors.Results. The cumulative hazards and transition probability of “transplantation to fungal infection” were lower in the prophylaxis group. The incidence rate of fungal infection after OLT decreased from 18.9% to 11.4% (p=0.052); overall mortality improved from 40.8% to 23.4% (p<0.001). In the “transplantation to fungal infection” transition, prophylaxis was significantly associated with reduced hazards for fungal infection (hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.96,p=0.033). Massive ascites, cadaver transplantation, and older age were significantly associated with higher risks for mortality.Conclusion. Prophylactic antifungal regimens in high-risk recipients might decrease the incidence of posttransplant fungal infections.

scholarly journals Role of CT (Computed Tomography) in the Evaluation of Fungal Diseases in Paranasal Sinus

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
T Islam ◽  
SA Azad ◽  
ME Karim ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
K Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Histopathological Result

A cross sectional study carried out with patients having suspected paranasal sinus (PNS) mass during January 2009 to October 2010 to evaluate the fungal diseases in PNS by computed tomographic(CT) image and comparison of the findings of this modality with histopathological result. Among the total 76 patients, the mean age of the patients was 35.95 ± 18.24 and common complaints of the patients were nasal obstruction (73.7%) and maximum 53.9% patients had PNS mass in maxillary sinuses. Out of all cases 10 were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Two cases were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan but not confirmed by histopathological findings. Of 64 cases of other than fungal infection/mass, which were diagnosed by CT scan, six were confirmed as having fungal infection/mass and 58 were other than having fungal infection/mass by histopathology. Sensitivity of CT scan to diagnose fungal infection/mass was 62.5%, specificity 96.7%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value 90.6% and accuracy 89.5%. CT scan of the fungal diseases in paranasal sinus provides more information and better image quality and CT diagnosis correlate well with the findings of histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 189-193

scholarly journals Histopathological Pattern of Fungal Infections Seen in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 2014 To 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
M. Sirajo ◽  
O. O. Okechi ◽  
A. T. Muhammad ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Subcutaneous Mycosis ◽  
Common Manifestation ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: Fungal infection is a common manifestation in this part of the country and worldwide. It is essential to define the epidemiology of fungal infection in a particular environment. Aim: This study aims to analyze the diagnosis of fungal infection carried out in patients attending the histopathology department (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2014 to 2018. Method: This study is a retrospective study of all fungal infection biopsies carried out from 2014 – 2019 in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria, a referral centre for the neighbouring northern states Kebbi and Zamfara. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of UDUTH, data was collected from histological report cards and analyze manually. Some tissue blocks of the case were retrieved to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 66 requests for fungal diagnosis were received from January 2014 to December 2018, which represent about 0.7% of the total biopsies received over the study period. Result: Out of the 66 of request for fungal diagnosis 32(48.5%) were fungal positive. Subcutaneous mycosis was the most frequent fungal infection with a frequency of 18(56.25%). Males were more frequently affected than females with the frequencies of 18(56.25%) and 14 (43.75%) respectively.

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