scholarly journals Epstein Barr Virus in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a Path Less Treaded: An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. A311-319
Author(s):  
Kirti Balhara ◽  
Sarika Singh ◽  
Shyamlata Jain ◽  
M K Daga ◽  
Anubhav Vindal
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Mixed Cellularity ◽  
Bulky Disease ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus belonging to γ-Herpesvirus subfamily, infecting B cells, T cells, Natural killer (NK) cells & causes both benign and malignant diseases. It has been detected in large subset of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases around the world, especially in countries with poor socioeconomic conditions and among younger age. Limited studies are available reflecting the Indian scenario of HL and EBV association. EBV positivity in Indian HL varies from 28-97% Majority of these studies employed Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LMP1, a few performed In Situ Hybridisation (ISH) for EBER. Objective: To study the association of EBV in classical HL by immunohistochemical expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) antigen in North Indian population and to correlate it with different demographic variables & subtypes of HL. Materials and Methods: Observational study including 26 untreated HL cases diagnosed on lymph node excision biopsy. IHC was performed for EBV LMP1, CD15, CD30, CD45, CD3, CD20. Results: Patients ranged in age from 5-55years (median 18yrs), with M:F ratio of 3.3:1. Palpable lymphadenopathy was found in all cases followed by pallor (64%), B symptoms (50%), nodal pain (30.8%) & bulky disease (19.2%). Maximum number of patients were in Stage I (65.4%) followed by stage II&III (15.4% each) & stage IV (3.8%). Mixed cellularity HL comprised 77%, lymphocyte depleted 11.5%, nodular sclerosis 7.7% & lymphocyte rich 3.8%. IHC for EBV LMP1 was positive in 73.1% cases. Mixed cellularity HL showed an association in 70% cases. Conclusions: HL in India is a disease of young males, with mixed cellularity as the commonest subtype, highly associated with EBV and presentation at an early stage.

scholarly journals The consistent association between Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease in children in Kenya

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 3828-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Weinreb ◽  
PJ Day ◽  
F Niggli ◽  
EK Green ◽  
AO Nyong'o ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Mixed Cellularity ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Nodular Sclerosis ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Dual Infections

Recent studies have suggested that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play a role in the etiology of Hodgkin's disease (HD). In a previous study, we used a latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-specific antibodies to examine archival material from 74 British children with HD and found 50% of cases to be positive. It is known that there are geographic and ethnic variations in the incidence of HD. We have investigated LMP1 status in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded lymph nodes with HD involvement from 53 children and 48 adults from Kenya using immunohistochemical staining. We also developed sensitive and specific in vitro gene amplification protocols for examining the EBV strain type in such material using several combinations of primers derived from the EBNA 2 and EBNA 3 coding regions. LMP1 positivity was present in 100% of the pediatric cases (two lymphocyte-predominant, 25 nodular sclerosis, 16 mixed cellularity, 5 lymphocyte depletion, and 5 unclassified) and in 66% of the adult cases (two of three lymphocyte-predominant, 26 of 39 nodular, sclerosis, two of two mixed cellularity, and two of four lymphocyte depletion). Tests to type the EBV strain were undertaken in 25 EBV-positive pediatric cases. A combination of type-specific polymerase chain reactions for EBNA 2 and EBNA 3C genes indicated that seven patients had type 1, eight had type 2, and 10 had dual infections with both types. Five cases with dual infections were further investigated using a sensitive in situ hybridization for the EBV- encoded, small nuclear nonpolyadenylated RNAs (EBERs). EBER transcripts were detected in Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells and in occasional infiltrating lymphocytes. These observations indicate that in Kenya EBV is consistently associated with pediatric cases of HD, and that biopsies from a number of such cases appear to carry both type 1 and type 2 viral sequences.

scholarly journals Clinical implications of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA in early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma patients receiving primary radiotherapy

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 2003-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Wang ◽  
Qing-Feng Liu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Wei-Hu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Nasal Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Tumor Load ◽  
Primary Radiotherapy ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract The clinical value of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has not been evaluated in patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) receiving primary radiotherapy. Fifty-eight patients with stage I disease and 11 with stage II disease were recruited. High pretreatment EBV-DNA concentrations were associated with B-symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and a high International Prognostic Index score. EBV-DNA levels significantly decreased after treatment. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 82.6% for all patients. Stage I or II patients with a pretreatment EBV-DNA level of ≤ 500 copies/mL had 3-year OS and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 97.1% and 79.0%, respectively, compared with 66.3% (P = .002) and 52.2% (P = .045) in patients with EBV-DNA levels of > 500 copies/mL. The 3-year OS and PFS rates for patients with undetectable EBV-DNA after treatment was significantly higher than patients with detectable EBV-DNA (OS, 92.0% vs 69.8%, P = .031; PFS, 77.5% vs 50.7%, P = .028). Similar results were observed in stage I patients. EBV-DNA levels correlate with tumor load and a poorer prognosis in early-stage NKTCL. The circulating EBV-DNA level could serve both as a valuable biomarker of tumor load for the accurate classification of early-stage NKTCL and as a prognostic factor.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Epstein–Barr virus BALF2 promoter

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2747-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hui Hung ◽  
Shih-Tung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay

BALF2, which encodes the major DNA-binding protein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), is expressed during the early stage of the lytic cycle. The location of the BALF2 promoter was identified by primer extension, which indicated that the transcription start is located at nucleotide 164,782 of the EBV genome. Transfection analyses revealed that, similar to other EBV early promoters, the BALF2 promoter is activated by the EBV-encoded transcription factors Rta and Zta. The promoter is also synergistically activated if both transcription factors are present in B lymphocytes and in epithelial cells. Deletion analysis and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay revealed that the region between nucleotides −134 and −64 contains Zta- response elements and the region between nucleotides −287 and −254 contains Rta-response elements. This study demonstrates the importance of Rta and Zta in regulating the transcription of EBV early genes.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr virus DNA is abundant and monoclonal in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease: association with mixed cellularity subtype and Hispanic American ethnicity

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Gulley ◽  
PA Eagan ◽  
L Quintanilla-Martinez ◽  
AL Picado ◽  
BN Smir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Mixed Cellularity ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr

One hundred twenty-five cases of Hodgkin's disease from the United States (79), Mexico City (31), and Costa Rica (15) were analyzed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by in situ hybridization to EBER1 transcripts. EBV was more frequently detected in the Reed- Sternberg (RS) cells of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease (37 of 48 [77%]) compared with the nodular sclerosis subtype (19 of 71 [27%], P < .001). The presence of EBV was also associated with Hispanic ethnicity (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis, patient age, gender, and geographic location were less predictive of EBV positivity than were mixed cellularity histology (odds ratio = 8.3) and Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio = 4.3). Southern blot analysis of EBV terminal repeat fragments using the Xho1a probe showed that the viral DNA was monoclonal in 17 of 17 cases having EBER1-positive RS cells. By comparison, EBV DNA was not detected by Southern analysis in 20 cases lacking EBER1 in RS cells, even when occasional background lymphocytes expressed EBER1. Because clonal viral DNA was so readily detected in EBER1-positive cases, the EBV genome is probably amplified at least 50- fold in the infected RS cells. Monoclonality of EBV DNA implies that the RS cells were infected before malignant transformation.

scholarly journals An EBV+ lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma in a young woman with chronic hepatitis B

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e229520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia V Gearty ◽  
Ayman Al Jurdi ◽  
Meredith E Pittman ◽  
Renuka Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Systemic Chemotherapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Almost All

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the tumorigenesis of a variety of malignancies, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV+ lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LELCC) is a rare type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a distinct pathology and poorly understood treatment options. Morphologically, this neoplasm resembles undifferentiated NPC, a commonly EBV+ tumour with a prominent lymphoid infiltrate. Almost all of the current literature regarding LELCC describes early stage tumours that are treated surgically and achieve good outcomes. In contrast, this report documents a late stage LELCC treated unsuccessfully with systemic chemotherapy.

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