scholarly journals Utility of p63 and AMACR in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Prostatic Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. A39-44
Author(s):  
Ashily Koshy ◽  
Rupali Bavikar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Complete Positivity ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Difficult Cases

Background: Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Since treatment options and prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinomas and benign lesions differ significantly, so, the current study using p63and AMACR was carried out with aim to evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry in resolving ambiguous lesions of prostate. Methods: The study was conducted on 130 prostatic specimens which included prostate biopsy, TURP and prostatectomy specimens. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining using AMACR, p63 monoclonal antibody marker were performed. Results: Total of 130 cases of prostate samples were studied out of which benign lesions were seen in 102 cases (78.5%) and malignant carcinoma in 28 cases (21.5%). This study showed p63 had a sensitivity of 92.86% and specificity of 100% whereas AMACR has a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 95%. BPH with prostatitis was a common finding in majority of benign lesions. All cases of LGPIN 15 cases (11.5%) were histologically associated with BPH, showing complete positivity in 12 cases (80%) and partial positivity in 3 cases (20%) with p63 immunostaining. HGPIN (1.5%) were associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma showing focal positivity whereas adenocarcinoma showed complete negativity of p63 expression (100%) and positive cytoplasmic staining with AMACR. Comparative study done between DRE, PSA, final histopathological diagnosis, expression of p63 and AMACR immunostaining gives highly significant p value of 0.001(<0.05). Conclusion: p63 and AMACR are reliable markers which can be used in morphologically difficult cases.

Premalignant and Malignant Changes in Symptomatic Endometrial Polyps in Women Aged 20-70 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Abed Zaidan ◽  
Alaa Abdulqader Abdulrazaq ◽  
Eaman Marouf Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Malignant Changes ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Malignant Polyps

Background: endometrial polyps are localized over growth of endometrium including glandular and stromal tissue with prominent angiogenesis regulated by growth factors. Polyps occur in different age group and could be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or it cause abnormal premenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding. Most endometrial polyps are benign but premalignant and malignant changes also occur frequently. Objective: this study was carried out to identify the age-group in which endomaterial polyps are encountered in routine surgical pathology practice, to document the agegroup in which these polyps underwent malignant changes and to identify the histological subtype of endometrial polyps according to age group. Patients and methods: This prospective study conducted to demonstrate the premalignant and malignant changes in symptomatic endometrial polyps in relation to patients age group ranging from 20-70 years with abnormal uterine bleeding examined in gynecology and obstetric department in Al-Ramadi and Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2017 to May 2018. The endometrial samples were obtained either by D and C, hysteroscopy or the polyps were demonstrated after surgical hysterectomy. All endometrial samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sent to the private histopathology laboratory in Baghdad for histopathological diagnosis. Results: The total number of examined women were 150. The most common recorded age was 20-70 years. 74.6% were premenopausal and 25.4% of patients were post-menopausal at the time of diagnosis. Most of patients presented with symptomatic polyps in this study were in age group 41-50 years (36.6%) in which most of the polyps were benign, while premalignant and malignant changes were more common in women between 51-60 years. The final pathological diagnoses showed benign endometrial polyps (49.3%), (48.6%) were pre-malignant polyps and (2 %) were malignant polyps. From benign lesions secretary endometrium was the most common finding in 43 cases (58.1%), while simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia was the most common finding in the pre-malignant group 40 cases (54.7%). The distribution of histopathological changes in each age group were significant with a P value equal to 0.02. Conclusion: all endometrial polyps in pre- and post-menopausal women should be removed and submitted for histopathological examination as some of them even though there are benign but could carry areas of cellular atypia or malignant transformation.

scholarly journals Mineral Oil—A Biofriendly Substitute for Xylene in Deparaffinization: A Novel Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Premalatha ◽  
M Indu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Method Group

ABSTRACT Background In routine histopathology, xylene has been used in tissue processing and staining. Presently health hazards of xylene are well documented and a safer substitute is an absolute necessity. Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mineral oil as a deparaffinizing agent when compared to that of xylene by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Materials and methods Thirty paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were randomly selected and two sections were taken from each block. Thirty sections were stained with conventional H&E method (group A) using xylene as deparaffinizing agent and 30 were stained with xylene free method using refined mineral oil (group B). Sections were blinded and analyzed by two pathologists using the parameters of uniformity, clarity and intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining respectively (satisfactory = score 1, unsatisfactory = score 0). Score „d 4 was considered to be adequate for diagnosis. Results 100% of sections in group A and 93.3% of sections in group B were adequate for diagnosis (p-value 0.150). Conclusion The study recommends refined mineral oil as a biofriendly and effective xylene substitute in deparaffinization of tissue sections. How to cite this article Premalatha BR, Patil S, Rao RS, Indu M. Mineral Oil—A Biofriendly Substitute for Xylene in Deparaffinization: A Novel Method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):281-286.

Planning for End of Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110141
Author(s):  
Natasha Ansari ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Jennifer A. Sinnott ◽  
Sikandar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
P Value ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
End Of Life Planning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alternative Medications ◽  
Patient’S Perception

Background: Oncology provider discussions of treatment options, outcomes of treatment, and end of life planning are essential to care for patients with advanced malignancies. Studies have shown that despite this, many patients do not have adequate care planning, including end of life planning. It is thought that the accessibility of information outside of clinical encounters and individual factors and/or beliefs may influence the patient’s perception of disease. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate if patient understanding of treatment goals matched the provider and if there were areas of discrepancy. If a discrepancy was found, the survey inquired further into more specific aspects. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was performed at a cancer hospital outpatient clinic. 100 consecutive and consenting patients who had stage IV non-curable lung, gastrointestinal (GI), or other cancer were included in the study. Patients must have had at least 2 visits with their oncologist. Results: 40 patients reported their disease might be curable and 60 reported their disease was not curable. Patients who reported their disease was not curable were more likely to be 65 years or older (P-value: 0.055). They were more likely to report that their doctor discussed the possibility of their cancer getting worse (78.3% VS 55%; P-value 0.024), that their doctor discussed end of life plans (58.3% VS 30%; P- value: 0.01), and that they had appointed a health care decision-maker (86.7% VS 62.5%; P-value: 0.01). 65% of patients who thought their disease might be curable reported that their doctor said it might be curable, compared with only 6.7% of patients who thought their disease was not curable (p < 0.001). Or, equivalently, 35% of patients who thought their disease might be curable reported that their doctor’s opinion was that it was not curable, compared with 93% of patients who thought their disease was not curable (p < 0.001). Patients who had lung cancer were more likely to believe their cancer was not curable than patients with gastrointestinal or other cancer, though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.165). Patients who said their disease might be curable selected as possible reasons that a miracle (50%) or alternative medicine (66.7%) would get rid of the cancer, or said their family wanted them to believe the cancer would go away (16.7%) or that another doctor said it would (4.2%). Patients who said their disease might be curable said they did so due to alternative medications, another doctor, or their family. Restricting to the 70 patients who reported their doctors telling them their disease was not curable, 20% of them still said that they personally felt their disease might be curable. Patients below 65 years of age were more likely to disagree with the doctor in this case (P-value: 0.047). Conclusion: This survey of patients diagnosed with stage IV cancer shows that a significant number of patients had misunderstandings of the treatment and curability of their disease. Findings suggest that a notable proportion kept these beliefs even after being told by treating physicians that their disease is not curable.

To Determine the Degree of Agreement between Ki67 and Histopathology to Differentiate between Hydatidiform Mole

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2619-2621
Author(s):  
Mariya Manzoor ◽  
Haseeb Ahmed Khan ◽  
Sabiha Riaz ◽  
Imrana Tanvir ◽  
Atiya Batool Gardezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Gross Examination

Aim: To determine the degree of agreement between Ki67 and histopathology to differentiate between hydatidiform mole and hydropic abortus. Methods: Descriptive, Cross Sectional Survey was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore during 6 months (May 11, 2016 to Nov 11, 2016). Using non-probability consecutive sampling, 105 cases were included in this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 10% buffered formalin was used to fix the sepecimens. Gross examination and staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin was done. The cases were diagnosed by a histopathologist. IHC staining Ki67 was performed, assessed by histopathologist and the data was recorded on the proforma. Results: The mean age was 27.79±5.81 years with minimum and maximum ages of 18 years and 42 years respectively. The histopathological findings showed hydatidiform mole in 41 (39%) women and hydropic abortus in 64(61%) women. The Ki67 was reported to be >25 in 41(39%) patients and less than or equal to 25 in 64(61%) patients. The agreement of differentiation in the two types for histopathology and Ki67 was found in 101(96.2%) patients. Kappa statistics showed 92% (p-value= 0.000) strength of agreement between histopathology and Ki67. Conclusion: There is high degree of agreement between Ki67 and histopathology for differentiation of hydatidiform mole and hydropic abortus. So Ki67 can be used as an adjacent in histopathologic diagnosis of hydatidiform mole in difficult cases. MeSh words: Hydatidiform Mole, Immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 Antigen

Evaluation of -Catenin Expression in Relation to Staging and Grading of Colorectal Carcinoma – A Study Conducted in Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998
Author(s):  
Rashifa Vakiyath ◽  
Jeena Varghese Chimmen ◽  
Kizhake Varium Praveen ◽  
Abhijith Valsalan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Genomic Alteration ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Keywords Immunohistochemistry

BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma is the most frequently encountered malignancy worldwide. The main cause of mortality associated with colorectal malignancy is tumour invasion and metastasis. The major genomic alteration that has been found in colorectal carcinoma is mutation in the adenomatous polyposis gene. Mutated APC causes unrestricted action of the Wnt signalling pathway which results in accumulation of the β - catenin protein in the nucleus responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and enhanced survival of colorectal epithelial cells. Role of β - catenin expression as a prognostic marker needs to be studied. It will help in aiding the possibility of the future of anti β - catenin targeted chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancers. METHODS A total of 85 samples from histopathologically proven cases of adenocarcinoma colon were taken. Histomorphological features and their immunohistochemical expression of β - catenin were studied. Data thus obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25. Histopathological diagnosis is considered as the gold standard. RESULTS Among the 85 samples of adenocarcinoma 9 case were stage T1 tumours, 24 were stage T2. 31 cases were stage T3, and 21 colorectal cancers were stage T4. Statistically significant correlation was obtained between tumour stage and β - catenin expression. (P value = < 0.001) With regard to tumour grade 24 out of 85 cases were well differentiated and 45 were moderately differentiated, 16 cases were poorly differentiated. Correlation of tumour grading and β - catenin expression also were statistically significant (P value = < 0.001). 45 out of 85 cases were having no nodal metastasis. 22 cases showed metastasis in 1 to 3 lymph nodes. 18 cases were N2. No statistically significant correlation was obtained between lymph node status and β - catenin expression. (P value = 0.003) CONCLUSIONS In this study the membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear scores of β - catenin shows the linear progression with the advancing stages of colorectal carcinoma. So β - catenin can be used as a prognostic marker in malignant colorectal neoplasm. KEYWORDS Immunohistochemistry, β – Catenin, Colorectal Carcinoma

Patterns in Immunohistochemical Usage in Extended Core Prostate Biopsies: Comparisons Among Genitourinary Pathologists and Nongenitourinary Pathologists

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plourde ◽  
Alden Gross ◽  
Zhong Jiang ◽  
Christopher L. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Bilateral Disease ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Difficult Cases ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Context.—Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains have known utility in prostate biopsies and are widely used to augment routine staining in difficult cases. Patterns in IHC utilization and differences based on pathologist training and experience is understudied in the peer-reviewed literature. Objectives.—To compare the rates of IHC usage between specialized (genitourinary; [GU]) and nonspecialized (non-GU) pathologists in extended core prostate biopsies (ECPBs) and the effects of diagnosis; and in cancer cases Gleason grade, disease extent, and perineural invasion on the rate. Design.—Consecutive ECPBs from 2009–2011 were identified and billing data were used to determine the number of biopsies and IHC stains per case. Diagnoses were mapped and in cancer cases, Gleason grade, extent of disease, and perineural invasion were recorded. Pathologists were classified as GU or non-GU on the basis of training and experience. Results.—A total of 618 ECPBs were included in the study. Genitourinary pathologists ordered significantly fewer IHC tests per case and per biopsy than non-GU pathologists. The rate of ordering was most disparate for biopsies of cancerous and benign lesions. For biopsies of cancerous lesions, high-grade cancer, bilateral disease, and perineural invasion decreased the rate of ordering in both groups. In cancer cases, GU pathologists ordered significantly fewer stain tests for highest Gleason grade of 3 + 3 = 6, for patients with focal disease and for patients with multiple positive bilateral cores. The effect of the various predictors on IHC ordering rates was similar in both groups. Conclusions.—Genitourinary pathologists ordered significantly fewer IHC stain tests than non-GU pathologists in ECPBs. Guidelines to define when IHC workup is necessary and not necessary may be helpful to guide workups.

scholarly journals An Audit of Indications for Hysterectomy in a District Hospital, Madikeri

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanashree Mallappa ◽  
Aishwarya Ramanujam ◽  
Priyadarshini Monnappa ◽  
Padmaja Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
District Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Abdominal Approach ◽  
Nonsurgical Management

Introduction: Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and is the most common gynaecological operation done in females worldwide. In the early 20th century, hysterectomies were done for many conditions like leiomyoma, Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB), chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, adenomyosis, prolapse, and malignancies. Considering that the procedure has a 20-35% life risk, it calls for a thorough justification before consideration. A hysterectomy has mental, physical, social, economic and psychosexual impact, apart from intraoperative and postoperative complications. Thus, an audit on hysterectomies was done to help students, medical fraternity, and the women of Kodagu in having a better understanding of hysterectomies. Aim: To conduct an audit on hysterectomies performed for gynaecological indications to correlate pre-operative diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included all elective hysterectomies performed for gynaecological indications conducted at the District Hospital of Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri from January 2018-June 2019. All cases of hysterectomies were considered except Caesarean peripartal hysterectomies. The histopathological findings of the endometrium, myometrium, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes were recorded. Findings were tabulated as frequency and percentage. Then, using the data, preoperative indications were compared with postoperative histopathological findings to know if hysterectomy was justified. Results: A total of 238 hysterectomies were performed during 18 months in the District Hospital. Abdominal and vaginal approaches were used. Panhysterectomy via abdominal approach was the most common type of hysterectomy. The most common age group where hysterectomy occurred was 41-60 years. The most common indication for hysterectomy was found to be Fibroid uterus. Analysis of the myometrial findings revealed that the most common finding was leiomyoma. Majority of ovaries and fallopian tubes did not show significant pathology. Conclusion: Panhysterectomy was the most common type of hysterectomy. Fibroid were the most common histopathological findings and medium and small sized fibroids can be given a trial of nonsurgical management. Injudicious use of hysterectomy procedure has multiple loop holes involving medical fraternity, socioeconomic conditions of women and attitude of society towards female reproductive health.

scholarly journals Impact of cyclin D1 and DJ-1 on diagnosis, clinico-pathological features and outcome in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Amrallah A. Mohammed ◽  
Hanna M. Ibrahim ◽  
Hanna A. Atwa ◽  
Ayman Elshentenawy ◽  
Amira Elwan
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundDisturbance in cell cycle regulatory genes is a common finding among many types of cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of cyclin D1 and DJ-1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC).MethodThe current study enclosed 40 patients diagnosed with PC and 40 cases of BPH. The expression level of cyclin D1 and DJ-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cyclin D1 scored depending on the percentage of stained nuclear tumor cells. While scoring of DJ-1 was based on intensity. The results were correlated with clinicopathological features and outcome.ResultsIn the PC group, cyclin D1 was detected in 95% and overexpressed in 42.5%, DJ-1 was positively stained in 85% and overexpressed in 47.5%. Meanwhile, in the BPH group, cyclin D1 was not detected and DJ-1 stained in only 2.5%. There was a statistically significant difference in Gleason score (GS), tumor stage, size, and treatment failure (p =< 0.001). In the terms of PC diagnosis prediction, although cyclin D1 was more specific (100%), DJ-1 is more sensitive than cyclin D1 (80%, 70%, respectively) (p = 0.000).ConclusionsCyclin D1 and DJ-1 may emerge as a promising way for diagnosis of PC in certain circumstances, as the presence of insufficient tissue sampling, small foci of carcinoma or benign lesions mimic PC. This is in addition to the known role of cyclin D1 and DJ-1 in PC prognosis.

scholarly journals Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
KHUSNUL DWI TYASARI ◽  
KIYATNO KIYATNO ◽  
BALGIS BALGIS
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group 5

Tyasari KD, Kiyatno, Balgis. 2016. Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil. Biofarmasi 14: 24-31. This research had an objective to know the effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposure by 5-fluorouracil. This research was a pure experiment with post test only control group design. We used 28 male Wistar Rats that were divided into 4 groups; control group, 5-FU group, 5-FU+ginger extract 9 mg dose group, and 5- FU+ginger extract 18 mg dose group. At days 3, 5, 7, and 9, 2 rats per day were killed by decapitation. Then the ileal rats were made to be sections and were colored by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). From each section, we measured height of 1 villi and depth of 1 cript in 3 vision field. The data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test with SPSS for Windows Release 16.0 program. Kruskal-Wallis test showed mean of villus height had p-value = 0,083 in day 3, p-value = 0,083 in day 5, p-value = 0,139 in day 7, and p-value = 0,160 in day 9. Whereas mean of cript depth had p-value = 0,114 in day 3, p-value = 0,198 in day 5, p-value = 0,083 in day 7, and p-value = 0,092 in day 9. All of p-values showed p > 0.05 in which there were no significant differences. From this experiment, we concluded that there was no effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage of ileal rats which exposure by 5-FU.

Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3261-3264
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Haleem ◽  
Muhammad Hashim Kalwar ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Butt ◽  
Jehangir Hasan ◽  
Javed Khurshed Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients with mild to moderate LV dysfunction, and it is most prominent in these patients. Despite advancements in care and treatment options like catheter ablation, managing AF is still a therapeutic challenge even with these advances. Aim/Objective: To determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 patients at Adult Cardiology, NICVD, Karachi for Six months after approval from 31-08-2019 till 29-02-2020. Patients' consent was obtained verbally before data were collected prospectively. There were 246 patients with heart failure who had been diagnosed and met the diagnostic criteria. An overview of the event's history was gathered, as well as demographic data. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages, while quantitative data were given as simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. A p-value of 0.05 or lower is considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 246 patients with heart failure were included in this study. The mean age in our study was 56.78±2.81 years. Whereas, mean BNP and ejection fraction in our study was 1144±87.81 pg./ml and 34.65±4.14 %. 136 (55.3%) were male and 110 (44.7%) were female. Out of 246 patients with heart failure, 52 (21.1%) had atrial fibrillation and 194 (78.9%) did not have atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a large percentage of heart failure patients had atrial fibrillation. Thus, it is essential to focus on a comprehensive way of management of heart failure and its comorbidities rather than primarily treating the cardiac symptoms. Keywords: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

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