scholarly journals New Jersey Farm Soil Copper Levels Resulting from Copper Fungicide Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Meredith V. Melendez ◽  
Joseph R. Heckman ◽  
Stephanie Murphy ◽  
Frank D’Amico
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Copper Fungicide

Vegetable growers have expressed concerns regarding the accumulation of copper in soil where copper-based fungicides are used and have requested guidance for copper pesticide applications. Elevated soil copper levels have the potential to become toxic to sensitive crops and impact soil health. In response, total and available soil copper levels were surveyed using soil analysis of samples from 15 New Jersey farms representing organic and conventional production methods. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was grown in the sampled soil in a greenhouse trial and evaluated for signs of copper toxicity. We found that all 15 farms were using copper fungicide preventative sprays during the previous 2 years. The soil copper levels of these farms were higher in copper-applied soils than the corresponding noncopper-applied soil. Soil copper levels were not near or in excess of established clean-up limits at any of the locations. Greenhouse-grown lettuce in the sampled soils was not negatively impacted by the copper levels. Due to the increase in the total and soluble soil copper levels, growers should use best management practices to prevent the accumulation of excessive amounts of copper in the soil over time.

scholarly journals Strategic Grazing in Beef-Pastures for Improved Soil Health and Reduced Runoff-Nitrate-A Step towards Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Dahal ◽  
Dorcas Franklin ◽  
Anish Subedi ◽  
Miguel Cabrera ◽  
Dennis Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Str System

Generally, improvement in the soil health of pasturelands can result in amplified ecosystem services which can help improve the overall sustainability of the system. The extent to which specific best management practices have this effect has yet to be established. A farm-scale study was conducted in eight beef-pastures in the Southern Piedmont of Georgia, from 2015 to 2018, to assess the effect of strategic-grazing (STR) and continuous-grazing hay distribution (CHD) on soil health indicators and runoff nitrate losses. In 2016, four pastures were converted to the STR system and four were grazed using the CHD system. Post-treatment, in 2018, the STR system had significantly greater POXC (by 87.1, 63.4, and 55.6 mg ha−1 at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm, respectively) as compared to CHD system. Soil respiration was also greater in the STR system (by 235 mg CO2 m-2 24 h−1) and less nitrate was lost in the runoff (by 0.21 kg ha−1) as compared to the CHD system. Cattle exclusion and overseeding vulnerable areas of pastures in STR pastures facilitated nitrogen mineralization and uptake. Our results showed that the STR grazing system could improve the sustainability of grazing systems by storing more labile carbon, efficiently mineralizing soil nitrogen, and lowering runoff nitrate losses.

BIOMASSA MIKROBIAL-ATP SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR TANAH TERCEMAR FLUAZINAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzi Suciati
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Best Management

Fluazinam adalah suatu fungisida berbasis piridin yang diduga merupakan endocrine disrupture chemical (EDC). Pada pemanfaatannya, Fluazinam berpotensi menurunkan kesehatan dan mutu tanah (soil health) melalui perubahan level dan aktivitas ATP dalam tanah. Kandungan ATP tanah telah diketahui berhubungan erat dengan aktivitas jasad renik tanah sehingga kandungan ATP tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai indikator proses biokimia tanah serta ukuran biomassa aktif dalam tanah. Untuk mengkaji potensi dampak dari penggunaan fluazinam terhadap level ATP tanah dilakukan percobaan di laboratorium. Fluazinam dengan kepekatan 3000 mg/kg dicampurkan kepada tanah kemudian dikeringkan di udara terbuka. Selanjutnya pada akhir inkubasi selama 1-, 3-, 7-, dan 14-hari level ATP diidentifikasi. Level ATP ditetapkan dengan cara mengukur intensitas pendarfluor yang diemisikan oleh oxyluciferin pada kisaran panjang gelombang 550 – 570 nm menggunakan Luminometer (OPTOCOMP1 MGM USA). Penurunan secara konsisten kandungan ATP tanah selama dua minggu periode inkubasi memperlihatkan, dari 0.100 ± 0.006 menjadi 0.043 ± 0.009 nmol/g tanah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa fluazinam mengganggu serta menurunkan kesehatan dan mutu tanah sehingga untuk memulihkan kualitas tanah yang terkena dampak fluazinam perlu dilakukan teknik dan prosedur aplikasi yang terkendali berdasarkan Best Management Practices (BMP).kata kunci: xenobiotics, fluazinam, ATP tanah, bioindikator, kesehatan tanah

scholarly journals Land Use and Management Effects on Sustainable Sugarcane-Derived Bioenergy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Roberto Cherubin ◽  
João Luís Nunes Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri ◽  
Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira ◽  
Glaucia Mendes Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Feasible Option

Bioenergy is an important and feasible option for mitigating global warming and climate change. However, large-scale land-use change (LUC) to expand bioenergy crops, such as sugarcane, raises concerns about the potential negative environmental and socioeconomic side effects. Such effects are context-specific, and depending on the LUC scenario and management practices, several co-benefits can be attained. We reviewed the literature and discussed how LUC and best management practices affect key components of sustainability (e.g., soil health, soil carbon (C) sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions, nutrient cycling, water quality, among others) of sugarcane-derived bioenergy production in Brazil. Sugarcane expansion has occurred predominantly over pasture areas, although converting croplands could be also an environmentally feasible option. The land transition from low-productivity pastures to sugarcane cultivation seems to be a sustainable pathway to increase bioenergy production. This LUC scenario enhances soil health and soil C sequestration over time, although soil compaction, biodiversity loss, and erosion are still challenging. Besides, adopting best management practices, such as conservation tillage, sustainable crop residue management, rational fertilization, and recycling by-products, has been fundamental to ensuring sustainable bioenergy production. Public policies and well-designed legal frameworks and regulations, such as the Forest Code and the RenovaBio legislations in Brazil, are necessary to make bioenergy production compatible with rational land use and protection. Lastly, our analysis provided insights into sugarcane expansion over a small proportion (1%) of pasture areas in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) and sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, which may result in a substantial impact on global bioenergy supply. We concluded that sugarcane-derived bioenergy is a sustainable option to tackle climate change while provisioning other key ecosystem services and promoting socioeconomic development.

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