scholarly journals Effect of Environment on Survival of Eggplant, Pepper, and Tomato in a Small-scale Healing Chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fairuz A. Buajaila ◽  
Pinki Devi ◽  
Carol A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Grafted Transplants ◽  
The Impact

Many small-scale vegetable growers in the United States who graft their own vegetable transplants use healing chambers inside a greenhouse to heal their grafted plants. Under these conditions, light and relative humidity (RH) can fluctuate during the healing process, and growers need more research-based information regarding the impact of these factors on the survival of grafted transplants. To address this need, this study investigated the effect of different targeted levels of light (0%, 25%, and 50%) and RH (50% and 100%) (six combinations) in a small-scale healing chamber within a greenhouse, where the healing chamber was opened for increasing periods of time for 8 days, at which time plants were fully exposed to greenhouse conditions. The survival and growth of self-grafted eggplant (Solanum melongena), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were measured up to 25 days post grafting. Percent light in the closed healing chambers was similar for the 50% and 100% RH levels of each light treatment. When the healing chambers were closed, compared with the greenhouse, there was 0.1% light in the 0% light treatments, 25% light on average in the 25% light treatments, and 43% light on average in the 50% light treatments. On days 2 to 5 after grafting, when chambers were opened up to 1 hour, average RH in the healing chambers was 96% to 98% for the 100% RH treatments, and was 42% to 49% for the 50% RH treatments. On days 6 and 7, when chambers were opened for 3 to 8 hours, RH was 79% to 82% for the 100% RH treatments, and was 39% to 46% for the 50% RH treatments. Survival of grafted plants following healing was greatest when the healing chamber treatment was 100% RH and 50% or 25% light (95% and 90% survival, respectively), and plant survival with these two treatments did not significantly decline from 11 to 21 days after grafting, indicating plants were fully healed and acclimated when they were removed from the healing chambers on day 8. At 22 to 25 days following grafting, plants healed with 100% RH and 50% or 25% light had greater plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter than plants healed in the other light and RH combinations. SPAD reading and nitrate-nitrogen of fresh petiole sap were unaffected by any of the healing treatments tested in this experiment, or by crop type. Tomato and pepper had 14% greater survival rates on average than eggplant at all measurement dates, while tomato tended to have greater plant growth, followed by eggplant and pepper. Additional research is needed to improve survival of grafted eggplant.

scholarly journals The Polarimetric Sensitivity of SMAP-Reflectometry Signals to Crop Growth in the U.S. Corn Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Nereida Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Sidharth Misra ◽  
Mary Morris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
The Impact

Crop growth is an important parameter to monitor in order to obtain accurate remotely sensed estimates of soil moisture, as well as assessments of crop health, productivity, and quality commonly used in the agricultural industry. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been collecting Global Positioning System (GPS) signals as they reflect off the Earth’s surface since August 2015. The L-band dual-polarization reflection measurements enable studies of the evolution of geophysical parameters during seasonal transitions. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of SMAP-reflectometry signals to agricultural crop growth related characteristics: crop type, vegetation water content (VWC), crop height, and vegetation opacity (VOP). The study presented here focuses on the United States “Corn Belt,” where an extensive area is planted every year with mostly corn, soybean, and wheat. We explore the potential to generate regularly an alternate source of crop growth information independent of the data currently used in the soil moisture (SM) products developed with the SMAP mission. Our analysis explores the variability of the polarimetric ratio (PR), computed from the peak signals at V- and H-polarization, during the United States Corn Belt crop growing season in 2017. The approach facilitates the understanding of the evolution of the observed surfaces from bare soil to peak growth and the maturation of the crops until harvesting. We investigate the impact of SM on PR for low roughness scenes with low variability and considering each crop type independently. We analyze the sensitivity of PR to the selected crop height, VWC, VOP, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) reference datasets. Finally, we discuss a possible path towards a retrieval algorithm based on Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements that could be used in combination with passive SMAP soil moisture algorithms to correct simultaneously for the VWC and SM effects on the electromagnetic signals.

Assessing the potential for restoration of surface permeability for permeable pavements through maintenance

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1950-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Drake ◽  
Andrea Bradford
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Surface Permeability ◽  
Equipment Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Permeable pavements (PPs) have been in use as stormwater management systems in Canada and the United States for over 20 years. After years of exposure to sediment and debris build-up, surface clogging reduces the infiltration of stormwater and inhibits the hydraulic and environmental functions of the pavement. Removal of surface material has been shown to restore infiltration but the majority of studies have been limited to small-scale testing. This paper presents the results of small- and full-sized equipment testing aimed at restoring surface permeability, including the first testing of regenerative-air and vacuum-sweeping streetsweepers in Ontario. Maintenance achieved partial restoration of PP surface permeability. Post-treatment surface infiltration rates displayed large spatial variability, highlighting that localized conditions throughout the pavement have a confounding influence on the overall effectiveness of maintenance. The impact of maintenance may be improved by establishing regular cleaning intervals and developing instructional guidelines for pavement owners and equipment operators.

scholarly journals The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development: Evidence From the French Elfe Cohort

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Berger ◽  
Lidia Panico ◽  
Anne Solaz
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childcare provision. In addition, most evidence is based on childcare experiences of 3- to 5-year-old children; less is known about the impact of center-based care in earlier childhood. The French context is particularly suited to such interrogation because the majority of French children who attend center-based care do so in high-quality, state-funded, state-regulated centers, known as crèches, and before age 3. We use data from a large, nationally representative French birth cohort, the Étude Longitudinale Français depuis l'Enfance (Elfe), and an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in both birth quarter and local crèche supply to estimate whether crèche attendance at age 1 has an impact on language, motor skills, and child behavior at age 2. Results indicate that crèche attendance has a positive impact on language skills, no impact on motor skills, and a negative impact on behavior. Moreover, the positive impact on language skills is particularly concentrated among disadvantaged children. This implies that facilitating increased crèche access among disadvantaged families may hold potential for decreasing early socioeconomic disparities in language development and, given the importance of early development for later-life outcomes, thereby have an impact on long-term population inequalities.

scholarly journals Biotization of tissue culture banana plantlets with Methylobacterium salsuginis to enhance the survival and growth under greenhouse and open environment condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1460
Author(s):  
P. Pushpakanth ◽  
◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy ◽  
R. Anandham ◽  
M. Senthilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotization on tissue culture banana cv. Grande Naine plantlets growth and survival under greenhouse and open environmental condition (exposed to direct sunlight). Methodology: Banana plantlets were transferred from culture flasks to protray and maintained under the greenhouse and open environmental condition for 30 days with or without M. salsuginis TNMB03 treatment. After 30 days, plant growth parameters like pseudostem height, girth, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, root parameters, plantlet survival, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein and Methylobacterium population in upper and lower surface of leaf, as well as endophytic population were assessed. Results: This study showed that the plantlets biotized with M. salsuginis TNMB03 had better acclimatization response under both the experimental condition than that of uninoculated plantlets. Positive influence on the survival and growth of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotized plantlets was observed when transferred directly to greenhouse and open environmental condition. Inoculation of M. salsuginis TNMB03 increased the plant height, girth and number of leaves, root length, lateral root and biomass in comparison to the uninoculated plantlets in greenhouse and open environment. Uninoculated plantlets kept under open environment had lower chlorophyll content and sun scorching damages compared to M. salsuginis TNMB03 inoculated plants, which had dark green leaves and increased chlorophyll content. Interpretation: This study shows a new potential technique of using M. salsuginis TNMB03 in tissue culture plantlets, which can help in enhancing the growth of plantlets transferred from culture vessel to greenhouse or open environmental condition without undergoing the routine acclimatization procedure.

Trends in Incidence and Outcome in T-Cell Lymphoma Since 1992: A SEER Database Analysis

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4264-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Petrich ◽  
Irene Helenowski ◽  
Robert W. Galamaga ◽  
Chadi Nabhan
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Nasal Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 4264 Background: Recent reports have suggested an increase in the incidence of T-cell lymphoma (TCL) in the United States. Despite newer therapies, however, it remains unclear whether outcomes for such patients are improving over time, and whether race impacts outcome. Patients and Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance and Epidemiology End Result (SEER) Database of 18 registries (SEER-18), acquiring data on all available subtypes of TCL between1992 and 2009, based upon corresponding International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) codes. This data was analyzed based upon histologic subtype, patient race (white vs. black vs. all others combined), year of diagnosis, and overall survival (OS; at 12, 36, and 60 months). Survival of studied patients was derived by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared to that of the general population using the Ederer II method. Results: A total of 11,492 cases of TCL were included. The four most commonly occurring subtypes of peripheral TCL (PTCL) were PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS; n=3591, 31% of all TCL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL; n=2762, 24%), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL; n=1077, 9%), and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL; n=526, 5%), nasal type. With the exception of ALCL, each of these is increasing in incidence, and the combined rate has more than tripled since 1992 (from 0.25 to 0.90 per 100,000 age-adjusted population from 1992 to 2009; Figure 1). Combined survival rates for all PTCL at 12, 36, and 60 months, however, are each suggestive of deterioration in outcome over time (eg, 12-month OS decreased from 80.8% in 1992 [95% CI 72.6–86.8%], to 69.1% in 2009 [95% CI 62.9–72.4%]; see Figure 2). OS rates for patients with PTCL were significantly different from those with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (12-year rate: 58% vs. 91% p < 0.0001) and from patients with primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma (12-year rate: 58% vs. 93.5%, p < 0.0001). OS rates for ALCL patients were significant different from patients with primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma (12-year rate: 68% vs. 93.5%, p = 0.02). We subsequently analyzed the impact of race on survival for each histologic subtype. OS for PTCL-NOS among whites appeared superior to that among blacks and among other races, at 12, 36, and 60 months (eg, 12 month OS was 59% in whites, 54% in blacks and 49% in other races, but this difference was not significant. OS for ALCL was significantly worse blacks as compared to other races (p value, 0.04). For other histologies (AITL and ENKTL, nasal type), there was no significant difference in survival rates by race, though there are trends toward inferior outcomes for blacks. Alk status, known to be of prognostic significance in ALCL, is not available through the SEER database. Conclusions: Despite increased incidence of PTCL throughout the last two decades, there is no suggestion of improvement in outcome, and there are significant disparities in outcome by histologic subtype and apparent albeit insignificant trends by race. Whether this represents differences in disease biology or different treatment approaches per race and/or access to care remains to be determined. While new agents have gained regulatory approval for PTCL since 2009 it remains premature to fully evaluate their impact on the outcome of TCL patients. Disclosures: Petrich: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Allos Therapeutics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Influence of Mesonet Observations on the Accuracy of Surface Analyses Generated by an Ensemble Kalman Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent H. Knopfmeier ◽  
David J. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mesoscale Variability ◽  
Observational Dataset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meteorological Analysis

Abstract The expansion of surface mesoscale networks (mesonets) across the United States provides a high-resolution observational dataset for meteorological analysis and prediction. To clarify the impact of mesonet data on the accuracy of surface analyses, 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint, and 10-m wind analyses for 2-week periods during the warm and cold seasons produced through an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach are compared to surface analyses created by the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA). Results show in general a similarity between the EnKF analyses and the RTMA, with the EnKF exhibiting a smoother appearance with less small-scale variability. Root-mean-square (RMS) innovations are generally lower for temperature and dewpoint from the RTMA, implying a closer fit to the observations. Kinetic energy spectra computed from the two analyses reveal that the EnKF analysis spectra match more closely to the spectra computed from observations and numerical models in earlier studies. Data-denial experiments using the EnKF completed for the first week of the warm and cold seasons, as well as for two periods characterized by high mesoscale variability within the experimental domain, show that mesonet data removal imparts only minimal degradation to the analyses. This is because of the localized background covariances computed for the four surface variables having spatial scales much larger than the average spacing of mesonet stations. Results show that removing 75% of the mesonet observations has only minimal influence on the analysis.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Intervention Using Exercise Gaming to reduce Childhood Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminuddin NA ◽  
Azit NA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Impact

The worsening trend of childhood obesity is a global public health issue. Digital technology evolution is a contributing factor towards physical inactivity and obesity among children. In order to overcome this growing problem, exercise games have been introduced in early eighties to ameliorate this obesogenic environment. Exercise games utilize innovative technologies that provide an interactive environment, requiring gestures and body movements to simulate on-screen gameplay. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise gaming intervention in managing childhood obesity. A systematic review was performed. Six articles examining exercise video games impact on weight management among children published between January 2013 and December 2017 in the English language were selected from a total of 54 articles identified through five major search engines. Majority of the research was conducted in developed countries particularly in the United States whereby some developing countries had started with small-scale researches in this area. The result indicated that there was a significant increase in physical activity level, reduction of BMI, reduced adipose tissue composition and a positive psychological impact after the intervention of exercise games. However, the impact of exercise games on physiological and metabolic parameters were inconclusive and requires further study. In conclusion, exercise games are the effective way to combat childhood obesity, along with other modules of lifestyle.

scholarly journals The impact of National Death Index linkages on population-based cancer survival rates in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Johnson ◽  
Hannah K. Weir ◽  
Aliza K. Fink ◽  
Robert R. German ◽  
Jack L. Finch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
The Impact

“How Do We Write about This?” The Domestic and the Global in the Post-9/11 Novel

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE MORLEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
American Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that far from marking a break in recent literary development, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 made less of an impact on American fiction than we often think. Critics have often accused writers after 9/11 of “retreating” into the domestic; in fact, domestic and individual narratives, often set against sweeping historical backgrounds, already dominated American writing in the late 1990s. At first, therefore, novelists handling the events of 9/11 framed them within the personal and the small-scale. In the last two years, however, writers such as Adam Haslett and Jonathan Franzen have begun publishing broader, more ambitious state-of-the-nation novels, explicitly addressing the United States' relationship with the Middle East and the impact of globalization. Yet in these novels, too, the global and the personal are tightly intertwined; again and again, writers are drawn to the domestic themes that have so often dominated American literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment Patterns in the United States: Retrospective Analysis of an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Database

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4139-4139
Author(s):  
Clara Chen ◽  
David Rotter ◽  
Zephirin Kiendrebeogo ◽  
Ravi Potluri
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
The Impact

Abstract INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has disrupted healthcare access for patients (pts) with cancer, which may pose an especially high risk for pts with hematologic malignancies (NCI, 2021). The standard of care for newly diagnosed (ND) AML is induction with intensive chemotherapy (IC; "7+3") ± consolidation for eligible pts; while during the COVID era, lower-intensity regimens, such as a hypomethylating agent (HMA) plus venetoclax (VEN), may be recommended over 7+3 to eligible pts to minimize transfusions and inpatient hospitalizations. For pts who achieved remission from induction, COVID-19 may have led some practitioners to reduce the number of consolidation cycles and/or lower the cytarabine dose used for consolidation. Transplantation, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), has been severely impacted (even halted in some areas) during COVID-19 (NasrAllah, 2021). The influence of COVID-19 on AML treatment (Tx) and outcomes has yet to be adequately studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on AML Tx patterns and survival in the real-world practice setting. METHODS: The Flatiron™ EMR database was used in this retrospective analysis of US pts aged ≥ 18 years with an AML diagnosis between 1 Jan 2018 and 31 Jan 2021 and who had ≥ 2 months of follow-up. Tx patterns and survival outcomes were compared between a Pre-COVID cohort, defined as pts diagnosed with AML between 1 Jan 2018 and 31 Dec 2019, and a Post-COVID cohort of pts diagnosed between 1 Mar 2020 and 31 Jan 2021. Pt characteristics and Tx patterns were assessed for all pts and in the Pre- and Post-COVID cohorts using summary statistics. Time to event analyses used Kaplan-Meier methods for survival curves and were compared by log-rank tests. RESULTS: In all, 2,133 pts met the selection criteria (mean age was 66.0 years, 57.5% were male, and 75.7% were treated in community practices); 1,582 (74.2%) pts were in the Pre-COVID cohort and 551 (25.8%) were in the Post-COVID cohort. Pt characteristics were generally similar between cohorts. In the Post-COVID cohort, use of IC and HMA-only induction decreased significantly, while induction with VEN + an HMA increased (Fig. A): 29.4% of pts (n=132) in the Post-COVID cohort received VEN + azacitidine and 19.8% (n=89) received VEN + decitabine, compared with 16.0% (n=190) and 9.0% (n=107), respectively, in the Pre-Covid cohort (P &lt; 0.001, both comparisons). Time to induction was shorter in the Post-COVID cohort vs the Pre-COVID cohort (median 14 vs 18 days; P &lt; 0.001). In all, 1,056 pts attained remission within 180 days of induction, including 774 Pre-COVID and 282 Post-COVID pts. Among them, 621 pts had a follow-up period of ≥ 180 days (394 pts Pre-COVID, 227 pts Post-COVID) and 41.1% (n=162) vs. 14.1% (n=32) of pts in the Pre- and Post-COVID cohorts, respectively, received consolidation (P &lt; 0.001). Proportions of pts receiving maintenance therapy (MT) were 23.9% (n=94) and 17.6% (n=40) in the Pre- and Post-COVID cohorts, respectively (P = 0.069). Time to HSCT was significantly increased for pts in the Post-COVID cohort (P = 0.035; Fig. B), and rate of HSCT was reduced for Post-COVID pts vs Pre-COVID pts (19.0% vs 13.3%, respectively, at 180 days, and 31.3% vs 22.7% at 360 days). Estimated overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the Pre-COVID cohort (P = 0.006 vs. Post-COVID); at 360 days of follow-up, estimated survival rates in the Pre- and Post-COVID cohorts were 68.3% vs. 51.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Induction with IC and HMAs was less frequent for pts diagnosed with AML during COVID-19, while induction with VEN + an HMA increased in these pts. Use of consolidation significantly decreased during COVID-19, and use of MT also decreased. These changes may have been influenced by inpatient resource constraints. Compared with the Pre-COVID cohort, Post-COVID pts were significantly less likely to receive HSCT, and longer HSCT waiting times suggest the pandemic affected access to timely transplantation, potentially due to hospital policies limiting surgeries, lack of available inpatient beds, or donor reluctance to visit a hospital during the pandemic. OS and 1-year survival were compromised in the Post-COVID cohort vs Pre-COVID pts, likely due to COVID-19 infection, but perhaps in part due to constraints on access to healthcare resources. These data suggest a need for oral Tx that can prolong remission while reducing clinic and inpatient visits, and that can bridge the gap until HSCT. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Chen: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Rotter: SmartAnalyst Inc.: Current Employment. Potluri: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy.

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