scholarly journals Drench Application of Fish-derived Protein Hydrolysates Affects Lettuce Growth, Chlorophyll Content, and Gas Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenping Xu ◽  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are an important group of plant biostimulants that have received increasing attention in recent years because of their positive effects on crop performance and contribution to agroecological sustainability. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of fish-derived PHs on growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in a growth chamber. Fish-derived PHs were drench applied (300 mL of 3 mL·L−1) three times at 0, 14, and 24 days after transplanting (DAT), and lettuce were evaluated 30 DAT. Application of PHs significantly increased the lettuce leaf number per plant from 22 to 28, stem diameter from 1.37 to 1.68 cm, shoot fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) from 59 to 89 g and 5.5 to 7.7 g, and root dry weight from 0.52 to 0.80 g. It also significantly increased the leaf relative water content (RWC) from 87% to 90% and succulence from 267 to 288 g·m−2 water, but had no effect on specific leaf area (SLA). PHs significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate although they did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence. Our study indicated that plant biostimulants and fertilizer PHs improved plant performance and might have potential to be used for sustainable production of lettuce.

scholarly journals Responses of leaf gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in NaCl-stressed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings to exogenous glycine betaine and salicylic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽  
Guangshuai Wang ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽  
Xiaojun Shen ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Abstract Background Application of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) mitigates the adverse effects of salinity. Foliar spraying with exogenous GB or SA alleviates salt stress in plants by increasing leaf gas exchange and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity. The effects of foliar application of exogenous GB and SA on the physiology and biochemistry of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. Results Results showed that salt stress of 150 mM NaCl significantly reduced leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence and decreased photosynthetic pigment quantities and leaf relative water content. Foliar spray concentrations of 5.0 mM exogenous GB and 1.0 mM exogenous SA promoted gas exchange and fluorescence in cotton seedlings, increased quantities of chlorophyll pigments, and stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activity. The foliar spray also increased leaf relative water content and endogenous GB and SA content in comparison with the salt-stressed only control. Despite the salt-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme content, exogenous GB and SA in experimental concentrations significantly increased the activity of glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Across all experimental foliar spray GB and SA concentrations, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (FV/FM) reached a peak at a concentration of 5.0 mM GB. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and FV/FM were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in response to foliar spraying of exogenous GB and SA under salt stress. Conclusions We concluded, from our results, that concentrations of 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA are optimal choices for mitigating NaCl-induced damage in cotton seedlings because they promote leaf photosynthesis, increase quantities of photosynthetic pigments, and stimulate antioxidant enzyme activity. Among, 5.0 mM GB and 1.0 mM SA, the best performance in enhancing endogenous GB and SA concentrations was obtained with the foliar application of 1.0 mM SA under salt stress.

scholarly journals Influence of drought stress on growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Yenni ◽  
◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Rosimah Nulit ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

<abstract> <p>Drought stress is one of the challenges that can affect the growth and the quality of strawberry. The study aims to determine the growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of three strawberry cultivars under drought stress. This study was conducted in a glasshouse at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Indonesia, from July-November 2018. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four water deficit (WD) levels [100% field capacity (FC)/well-watered), 75% of FC (mild WD), 50% of FC (moderate WD), and 25% of FC (severe WD)] for three strawberry cultivars (Earlibrite, California and Sweet Charlie). The results showed that total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents (p ≤ 0.05) were influenced by the interaction effects of cultivars and water deficit. Whereas other parameters such as plant growth, transpiration rate (<italic>E</italic>), net photosynthesis (<italic>A</italic>), stomatal conductance (<italic>gs</italic>), leaf relative water content (LRWC), flowers and fruits numbers, proline content, length, diameter, weight and total soluble solid (TSS) of fruit were affected by water deficit. <italic>A</italic> had positive significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.808), leaf area (r = 0.777), fruit length (r = 0.906), fruit diameter (r = 0.889) and fruit weight (r = 0.891). Based on the results, cultivars affected LRWC, and also number of flowers and fruits of the strawberry. This study showed that water deficit decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, leaf relative water content, length, diameter and weight of fruit but enhanced TSS, anthocyanin, MDA, and proline contents. Increased anthocyanin and proline contents are mechanisms for protecting plants against the effects of water stress. California strawberry had the highest numbers of flowers and fruits, and also anthocyanin content. Hence, this cultivar is recommended to be planted under drought stress conditions. Among all water stress treatments, 75% of FC had the best results to optimize water utilization on the strawberry plants.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges in sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) subjected to salinity stress and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1959-1966
Author(s):  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the modern agriculture major obstacles, causing several physiological disturbances in plants, adversely affecting its growth and development. Therefore, some techniques are required in order to alleviate the negative effects of salinity stress on plants, as for example an adequate nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to assess the ecophysiological responses of sugar apple plants (Annona squamosa L.) submitted to different salinity levels and nitrogen fertilization doses. The experimental design was a randomized block in an incomplete factorial scheme, with five electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (ECw: 0.5, 1.01, 2.25, 3.49 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five nitrogen doses (0, 101, 350, 598.2 and 700 mg dm-3), with four replicates, generated from the Box Central Composite experimental design matrix. Through a daily course, it was observed variations in gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were measured on photosynthetically active leaves. There was significant interaction between the salinity levels (ECw) and nitrogen doses for the chlorophyll indexes. The electrical conductivity of the irrigation water caused significant negative effects on chlorophyll fluorescence. Therefore, it can be stated that the sugar apple plants ecophysiology varies through the day and that salinity affects its chlorophyll content and fluorescence.

Effect of irrigation on leaf gas exchange and yield of cashew in northern Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Schaper ◽  
EK Chacko ◽  
SJ Blaikie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Regions

Gas exchange, leaf water status, soil water use and nut yield of cashew trees were monitored during the reproductive phase in 2 consecutive years (1988 and 1989). Treatment 1 comprised continuous irrigation from the end of the wet season in April until harvest in October; T2, irrigation between flowering (mid June) and harvest; and T3, no irrigation. Irrigation was applied by under-tree sprinkler at 43 mm/week in 1988 and 64 mm/week in 1989. Measurement of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content and nut production showed that trees in T2 were as productive as those in T1 (>1.3 kg kernel/tree). In T3, water deficit caused a 4-fold reduction in leaf photosynthesis and reduced leaf chlorophyll content from about 600 to 400 mg/m2 during fruit development. There was no effect on the number of hermaphrodite flowers produced (both ranging from 0 to 15 hermaphrodite flowers/panicle) but the water deficit was associated with a lower kernel yield (1.16 kg kernel/tree). Commercial yields (kg kernel/tree) in irrigated treatments were 20% greater than in the non-irrigated treatment and the kernels from irrigated trees were of a higher grade (kernel recovery >32% in T1 and T2 compared with 27.4% in T3). These results suggest that irrigation of established cashew plantations in the tropical regions of northern Australia can be restricted to the period between flowering and harvest without reducing yield.

Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

GAS EXCHANGE, GROWTH, FLOWERING AND FRUIT PRODUCTION IN SWEET PEPPER (CAPSICUM CHINENSE JACQ) ALONG A THERMAL GRADIENT DETERMINED BY ALTITUDINAL DIFFERENCES IN A TROPICAL REGION

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. JAIMEZ ◽  
F. RADA
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Flowering Initiation ◽  
Lower Temperature

SUMMARYA common practice in some South American countries consists in moving around Capsicum chinense cultivars between regions where edaphoclimatic conditions differ notably. The purpose of this research was to compare and relate gas exchange responses with assimilate allocation patterns and flower and fruit production dynamics in a cultivar of C. chinense in three locations with different mean temperatures (19, 24 and 28 °C) along a gradient from 140–1855 m. Leaf gas exchange (leaf conductance, CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates) was measured at 60–70, 110–120 and 140–150 days after transplanting (dat) from seed beds. Dry weight per plant of leaves, stems and roots were determined at 50, 73, 96, 114 and 196 dat. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were followed weekly. A marked reduction (50%) in mean Gs was found at the site with the lowest mean temperature in relation to plants grown at the highest temperature site. Mean daily CO2 assimilation rate was higher for plants in the intermediate site and a reduction of 18 and 42% was found for sites with highest and lowest mean temperature, respectively. We report an adverse effect of low temperatures on growth of C. chinense. Flowering initiation and fruit production was delayed at lower temperatures. An increase in temperature (between 26–30 °C) led to an increase in the number of flowers; below this temperature it remained unchanged. Fruit production is drastically reduced at the lower temperature site due to a large number of aborted flowers and small fruits.

Seasonal changes in net carbon dioxide exchange rates of Autumn Bliss, a primocane-fruiting red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
J. A. Sullivan ◽  
J. T. A. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Seasonal changes in leaf net carbon exchange rate (NCER), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 (ci) were determined for 2-yr-old potted Autumn Bliss (Rubus idaeus L.) plants grown under field conditions. NCER varied inconsistently between leaves which subtended fruiting lateral branches (laterals) and those that did not. In leaves with fruiting laterals, it was lower on three dates, similar on three other dates and once greater than in leaves without fruiting laterals. Evidence of nonstomatal inhibition of photosynthesis was also apparent as leaf NCER and gs fluctuated during the season while ci remained relatively constant. The leaf chlorophyll content increased when fruiting laterals were present, but this did not produce a consistently higher leaf NCER. The SPAD-501 meter provided a rapid and accurate, nondestructive estimate of leaf chlorophyll content for Autumn Bliss red raspberry leaves. Under uniform environmental conditions, all healthy, fully expanded leaves along the primocane had the same photosynthetic potential. Also, leaf age did not influence leaf gas exchange until the leaves started to senesce. Therefore, good light interception throughout the canopy is needed to optimize dry matter production in primocane-fruiting red raspberries. Key words: Rubus idaeus L., primocane-fruiting, leaf gas exchange

scholarly journals Effects of Duration and Temperature in Simulated Dark Shipping on the Subsequent Performance of the Nobile-type Dendrobiums

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Ariningsun P. Cinantya ◽  
Fure-Chyi Chen ◽  
Yao-Chien Alex Chang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Time Required

The popularity of the nobile-type dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile hybrids) has been increasing globally. More information regarding the effects of long-distance shipping, from producing countries to destination market countries, on the post-shipping plant performance is needed. In this study, two nobile-type dendrobium cultivars were subjected to simulated dark shipping (SDS) at various temperatures and durations. Changes in net CO2 uptake rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf relative water content after plants had been treated with SDS were investigated. Furthermore, shipped plants were vernalized to investigate the effect of dark shipping on the subsequent flowering quality. Dark shipping for 7 days at 15 °C did not affect the post-shipping photosynthetic performance of D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Increasing the shipping duration from 7 to 21 days increased the time required for Pn recovery from 1 to 12 days. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty recovered its Pn within 4 days when shipped for 21 days at 10 °C, and this was prolonged to 11 days when the plants were shipped at 20 °C. Changes in Fv/Fm indicated that there was no marked damage to either cultivars, and the leaf relative water content was little affected by SDS. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty and D. Lucky Girl shipped at 10 °C flowered 5 and 8 days earlier, respectively, compared with unshipped plants. Regardless of the shipping conditions, shipped D. Lucky Girl had a lower flower diameter and higher total flower count than unshipped plants. No differences were found in the number of nodes with flowers or the total flower count between shipped and unshipped D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Our study suggested that dark shipping for up to 21 days is possible for nobile-type dendrobiums. We recommend shipping temperatures of 10 to 15 °C to reduce the detrimental effects caused by long-term dark shipping.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE FEEDING ON GAS EXCHANGE AND CHLOROPHYLL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED RASPBERRY LEAVES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166d-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Carol A. Hartley ◽  
Carl H. Shanks ◽  
Jeannie K. L. Garth
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Number

At two-week intervals from 17 June to 15 July, three groups of `Meeker' red raspberry plants were infested with two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in a greenhouse. While populations on individual plants were allowed to develop freely, control plants were kept free of mites with a chemical miticide. Gas exchange measurements were made on 27 July prior to visible mite damage, and on 7 October after injury was apparent. The relationships between mite populations and leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll characteristics were described using a logarithmic function.Physiological responses to mite feeding were observed prior to visible leaf injury. On both dates, CO2 assimilation rates decreased (p ≤ 0.001) with increasing mite numbers per leaflet. On 27 June, a significant relationship (R2 = 0.61***) was found between mite number and mesophyll conductance (gm). On 7 October, significant relationships (p ≤ 0.001) were also observed with gm, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E). Total chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing mite populations, but chlorophyll a/b ratio and dry weight per leaf unit area were unchanged.

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