scholarly journals A Solid-matrix, Liquid Hybrid Hydroponic System for Establishing Small-seeded Crop Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-671
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell ◽  
Jay Frick
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Growth System

A solid-matrix-over-liquid (hybrid) growth system was developed for direct sowing of small-seeded crop species into hydroponic culture and compared for performance with a standard solid-matrix, capillary-wick hydroponic system. Seeds were sown directly onto a 3-cm (1.2-inch) deep soilless seed bed occupying 0.147 m2 (1.582 ft2) within a tray. The planted seed bed was moistened by wicking up nutrient solution through polyester wicking material from a 7.0-L (6.6-qt) reservoir just below the matrix seed bed. The hybrid system successfully grew dense [435 plants/m2 (40.4 plants/ft2)], uniform canopies of dwarf Brassica napus L. in a controlled-environment growth room. Seed yield using the hybrid system was twice that achieved with the matrix-based system. Both systems eliminated the labor needed to transplant many small seedlings from a separate nurse bed into a standard bulk liquid hydroponic system. Root-zone pH extremes caused by ion uptake and exchange between roots and unrinsed soilless media were avoided for the hybrid system by the short dwell time of roots in the thin matrix before they grew through the matrix and an intervening headspace into the bulk solution below, where pH was easily managed. Once roots grew into the bulk solution, its level was lowered, thereby cutting off further capillary wicking action and drying out the upper medium. Beyond early seedling establishment, water and nutrients were provided to the crop stand only by the bulk nutrient solution. This hybrid hydroponic system serves as a prototype for largerscale soilless growth systems that could be developed for production of smallseeded crops in greenhouses or controlled environments.

scholarly journals A Recirculating Hydroponic System for Studying Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
L.M. Ruffe
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Seed Yields

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were grown hydroponically, using continuously recirculating nutrient solution. Two culture tray designs were tested; one tray design used only nutrient solution, while the other used a sphagnum-filled pod development compartment just beneath the cover and above the nutrient solution. Both trays were fitted with slotted covers to allow developing gynophores to reach the root zone. Peanut seed yields averaged 350 g·m-2 dry mass, regardless of tray design, suggesting that substrate is not required for hydroponic peanut production.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Copper in Greenhouse Crops

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 896D-897
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng* ◽  
Linping Wang ◽  
Weizhong Liu ◽  
John Sutton ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Living Organisms

Copper is one of the essential micro-nutrient elements for plants, but when in excess, is toxic to plants and other living organisms. Electrolytically generated copper and cupric sulphate are increasingly used by the greenhouse industry to control diseases and algae in hydroponic systems. However, there is little information regarding appropriate strategies for employing copper in greenhouse crop production. We investigated the physiological responses, growth and production of several ornamental crops (miniature rose, chrysanthemum and geranium) and greenhouse vegetable crops (pepper, cucumber, and tomato) with respect to Cu2+ concentration in the root zone. Tests were conducted using plants grown in nutrient solution, Promix and rockwool. Results showed that phytotoxic levels of Cu2+ were dependent on the crop species and growing substrate. Plants grown in nutrient solution exhibited symptoms of phytotoxicity at lower Cu2+ concentrations than those on the solid substrates. The ability of copper to control Pythium aphanidermatum and green algae was evaluated under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Copper was effective in suppressing green algae in nutrient solution, but did not control Pythium effectively. This presentation is a comprehensive summary of the research conducted over the last three years by our group on copper application in greenhouse systems.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Rate of Lettuce Cultivated on Floating Raft Hydroponic with Controlled Nutrient Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Lenni Lenni ◽  
Herry Suhardiyanto ◽  
Kudang B. Seminar ◽  
Radite P. A. Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Floating Raft ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Control And Monitoring System

Lettuce becomes the main ingredient of salad as one of the healthy foods. The lettuce cultivation in tropical areas is often performed in highland. To reduce soil erosion and pesticide contamination, the cultivation of lettuce plants in high open land needs to be reduced. The lettuce cultivation in hydroponic system at tropical lowland requires cooling. The root zone cooling requires enormous electrical energy. However, it can be solved by controlling the temperature based on the automatically. Therefore, it has been developed control and monitoring system for the root zone on floating raft hydroponic system. This study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in floating raft hydroponic system whose nutrient solution was controlled by the developed control and monitoring system. Statistical analysis was performed to draw the conclusions about photosynthetic variance of lettuce on two hydroponic systems, namely controlled and uncontrolled system. Furthermore, this paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in the hydroponic systems. The ANN model was comprised of eight input (nutrient temperature, EC, pH, DO, and ORP, air temperature, air humidity, and photon flux density of photosynthetic) and one output (photosynthetic rate). It was noted that the ANN model predicted accurately the photosynthetic rate of lettuce leaves whose R2 was 0.87 for plants cultivated in floating raft hydroponic system whose nutrient solution was controlled by control and monitoring system. The ANN was useful for identifying the photosynthetic rate of lettuce cultivated in floating raft hydroponic systems on tropical lowland.

Hydroponic Greenhouse Production of Fresh-market Basil in Colorado

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480f-481
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Succop ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organic Produce

Fresh-market basil has become a viable greenhouse commodity in Colorado. Marketing pressures and profit advantages also encourage the production of certified organic produce. The research objectives were to determine the length of time basil plants were productive in the greenhouse and to compare the production of fresh-market basil grown with three root zone systems and two fertilizer treatments. The three systems were hydroponic rockwool slab culture, hydroponic perlite raised bed culture, and hydroponic peat/perlite/compost bag culture. The two types of hydroponic fertilizer treatments were a salt-based formulated nutrient solution and an organic solution consisting of fermented poultry compost, hydrolized fish emulsion, and soluble kelp. The plants were harvested once per week for fresh weight determination. The results from the two runs show greater productivity for the plants in the perlite system as well as the bag mix system when fertilized with the organic fertilizer compared to salt-based fertilizer. However, productivity of the plants in the rockwool system was greater with the salt-based treatment compared to the organic treatment.

scholarly journals MINERAL NUTRITION OF CRISPHEAD LETTUCE GROWN IN A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH BRACKISH WATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMMADY RAMALHO E SOARES ◽  
ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA ◽  
GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
RAQUELE MENDES DE LIRA ◽  
RAPHAELA REVORÊDO BEZERRA
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Local Water

ABSTRACT Water availability in the Brazilian semiarid is restricted and often the only water source available has high salt concentrations. Hydroponics allows using these waters for production of various crops, including vegetables, however, the water salinity can cause nutritional disorders. Thus, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, to evaluate the effects of salinity on the mineral nutrition of crisphead lettuce, cultivar Taina, in a hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique), using brackish water in the nutrient solution, which was prepared by adding NaCl to the local water (0.2 dS m-1). A randomized blocks experimental design was used in both experiments. The treatments consisted of water of different salinity levels (0.2, 1.2, 2.2, 3.2, 4.2 and 5.2 dS m-1) with four replications, totaling 24 plots for each experiment. The water added to compensate for the water - depth loss due to evapotranspiration (WCET) was the brackish water of each treatment in Experiment I and the local water without modifications in Experiment II. The increase in the salinity of the water used for the nutrient solution preparation reduced the foliar phosphorus and potassium contents and increased the chloride and sodium contents, regardless of the WCET. Foliar nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and sulfur contents were not affected by increasing the water salinity used for the nutrient solution preparation.

Control of Viscosity in Different Concentrations and Temperatures of Nutrient Solution for Hydroponic System

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Hikashi ◽  
Katsumi Ishikawa ◽  
Makito Mori ◽  
Daisuke Yasutake
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hydroponic System

scholarly journals Water and fertilizers use efficiency in two hydroponic systems for tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo De la Rosa-Rodríguez ◽  
Alfredo Lara-Herrera ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Luz Evelia Padilla-Bernal ◽  
Luis Octavio Solis-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

ABSTRACT The amount of water and fertilizers used in the production of vegetables, specifically tomatoes, is high. This study was carried out to determine water and fertilizers use efficiency in closed and open hydroponic systems for tomato production under greenhouse conditions. Two treatments with eight replications were assessed; each replication consisted of 67 pots with two plants each. One treatment was a closed hydroponic system (with nutrient solution recirculation), and the other was an open hydroponic system (with non-recirculating nutrient solution). We quantified the amounts of water and fertilizers applied, as well as the losses (drained nutrient solution), in the two treatments during the entire cycle of tomato. In the nutrient solution (NS) we also measured electric conductivity (EC), pH, volume applied, and volume drained, and total weight of fruits (25 pickings). There were no significant differences between the two treatments on fruit production. Water use efficiency was 59.53 kg/fruit/m3 for the closed system and 46.03 kg/fruit/m3 in the open system. In comparison to the open system, the closed system produced 13.50 kg more fruit per cubic meter of water, while 10.31 grams less fertilizers per kilogram of fruit produced were only applied. Water and fertilizers use efficiency were higher in the closed system, by 22.68% and 22.69%, respectively. More efficiency was obtained in the closed system, regarding the open system. We concluded that the closed system is a good alternative to produce tomato and preserve the resources involved in the process (like water and fertilizers), thus reducing pollution.

scholarly journals Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽  
Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

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