scholarly journals Freeze and Frost Protection with Aqueous Foam— Foam Development

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Y. Choi ◽  
Werner Zimmt ◽  
Gene Giacomelli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Aqueous Foam ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
And Performance

Aqueous foam was developed to serve as a barrier to conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer. Through the use of a bulking agent, the physical properties of gelatin-based foam were more stable, adhesive, biodegradable, and long lasting. The phytotoxicity, possible environmental hazard and removal of the foam were also considered. Resistance to freezing-thawing, heating-evaporation, and wind were evaluated. Studies to determine the foam's long-term stability under field weather conditions were completed. The handling and performance characteristics of the foam necessary for development of this application were determined. Factors that affect the physical properties and the utilization of the foam were quantified. These included the proportions of the foam components, the mixing temperature of the prefoam solution, the application temperature, and the rate of foam generation. The newly developed foam might be ideal for freeze and frost protection in agriculture.

scholarly journals A Compact Muon Tracker for Dynamic Tomography of Density Based on a Thin Time Projection Chamber with Micromegas Readout

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lázaro Roche
Keyword(s):  
Time Projection Chamber ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Projection

Tomography based on cosmic muon absorption is a rising technique because of its versatility and its consolidation as a geophysics tool over the past decade. It allows us to address major societal issues such as long-term stability of natural and man-made large infrastructures or sustainable underwater management. Traditionally, muon trackers consist of hodoscopes or multilayer detectors. For applications with challenging available volumes or the wide field of view required, a thin time projection chamber (TPC) associated with a Micromegas readout plane can provide a good tradeoff between compactness and performance. This paper details the design of such a TPC aiming at maximizing primary signal and minimizing track reconstruction artifacts. The results of the measurements performed during a case study addressing the aforementioned applications are discussed. The current works lines and perspectives of the project are also presented.

Long-term stability and performance of solar system instrumentation

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lior ◽  
R. T. Brish ◽  
L. Tedori ◽  
S. Koffs
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Total column ozone measurements by the Dobson spectrophotometer at Belsk (Poland) for the period 1963–2019: homogenization and adjustment to the Brewer spectrophotometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4425-4436
Author(s):  
Janusz W. Krzyścin ◽  
Bonawentura Rajewska-Więch ◽  
Janusz Jarosławski
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Ultraviolet Range ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
World Standard ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Dobson Spectrophotometer

Abstract. The total column ozone (TCO3) measurements by the Dobson spectrophotometer (serial no. 84) have been carried out at Belsk station (51∘50′ N, 20∘47′ E), Poland, since 23 March 1963. In total, ∼115 000 intraday manual observations were made by 31 December 2019. These observations were performed for different combinations of double wavelength pairs in the ultraviolet range and observation types, i.e., direct sun (DS), zenith blue (ZB), and zenith cloudy (ZC) depending on weather conditions. The long-term stability of the instrument was supported by frequent (almost every 4 years) intercomparisons with the world standard spectrophotometer. Trend analyses, based on the monthly and yearly averaged TCO3, can be carried out without any additional corrections to the intraday values. To adjust these data to the Brewer spectrophotometer observations, which were also performed at Belsk, a procedure is proposed to account for less accurate Dobson observations under low solar elevation, presence of clouds, and the temperature dependence of ozone absorption. The adjusted time series shows that the Brewer–Dobson monthly averaged differences are in the range of about ±0.5 %. The intraday TCO3 database, divided into three periods (1963–1979, 1980–1999, and 2000–2019), is freely available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919378 (Rajewska-Więch et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Team Incentives and Performance: Evidence from a Retail Chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Friebel ◽  
Matthias Heinz ◽  
Miriam Krueger ◽  
Nikolay Zubanov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
Sales Teams ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Customers

In a field experiment with a retail chain (1,300 employees, 193 shops), randomly selected sales teams received a bonus. The bonus increases both sales and number of customers dealt with by 3 percent. Each dollar spent on the bonus generates $3.80 in sales, and $2.10 in profit. Wages increase by 2.2 percent while inequality rises only moderately. The analysis suggests effort complementarities to be important, and the effectiveness of peer pressure in overcoming free-riding to be limited. After rolling out the bonus scheme, the performance of the treatment and control shops converges, suggesting long-term stability of the treatment effect. (JEL D22, J31, J33, L25, L81, M53, M54)

Microchannel methane steam reformers with improved heat transfer efficiency and their long-term stability

Fuel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ho Jin ◽  
Chun-Boo Lee ◽  
Dong-Wook Lee ◽  
Sung-Wook Lee ◽  
Jin-Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Methane Steam ◽  
Steam Reformers

scholarly journals Total column ozone measurements by the Dobson spectrophotometer at Belsk (Poland) for the period 1963–2019: homogenization and adjustment to the Brewer spectrophotometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz W. Krzyścin ◽  
Bonawentura Rajewska-Więch ◽  
Janusz Jarosławski
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
World Standard ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Dobson Spectrophotometer ◽  
Uv Range

Abstract. The total column ozone (TCO3) measurements by the Dobson spectrophotometer #84 have been carried out at Belsk (51°50', 20°47'), Poland, since March 23, 1963. In total, ~115,000 intra-day manual observations have been taken up to December 31, 2019. These observations were made for various combinations of double wavelength pairs in UV range (AD, CD) and the observation category, i.e., direct Sun, zenith blue, and zenith cloudy depending on the weather conditions. The long-term stability of the instrument was supported by frequent (~almost every 4 yr.) intercomparisons with the world standard spectrophotometers. Trend analyses, based on the monthly and yearly averaged TCO3, can be carried out without any additional corrections to the intraday values. To adjust this data to the Brewer spectrophotometer observations also performed at Belsk, a procedure is proposed to account for: less accurate Dobson observations under low solar elevation, presence of clouds, and sensitivity of the ozone absorption on temperature. The adjusted time series shows that the Brewer-Dobson monthly averaged differences are in the range of about ±0.5 %. The intra-day TCO3 data base, divided into three periods (1963–1979, 1980–1999, and 2000–2019), is freely available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.919378 (Rajewska-Więch et al., 2020).

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