scholarly journals Effect of Ethrel on Bloom Delay, Harvest Date, and Fruit Weight of `Empress' Peach

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
Arnold Caylor ◽  
Jim Pitts ◽  
Bobby Boozer
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Early Maturing

Ethrel [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] was applied at 0, 100 or 200 ppm (mg·L-1) for 3 years to the early maturing `Empress' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] to determine if bloom delay by Ethrel reduces fruit weight at harvest. Trees were hand thinned at 0 or 3 weeks after full bloom to equalize cropload across Ethrel treatments and to determine if any reduction in fruit weight by Ethrel can be compensated by harvest with earlier thinning. Ethrel at 200 ppm (mg·L-1) delayed bloom by 3, 0, and 7 days in 1994, 1996 and 1997, respectively. Despite bloom delay, Ethrel did not delay harvest or reduce fruit weight. Thus, earlier hand thinning was not necessary. Ethrel did not affect blossom density and was not phytotoxic to vegetative or reproductive organs. These results indicate that even with the shorter fruit growth period of early maturing peach cultivars such as `Empress', there is sufficient time for fruit growth to recover on Ethrel treated trees so that fruit weight at harvest is not reduced.

scholarly journals Can We Approach Complete Dependence on Foliar-applied Urea Nitrogen in an Early-maturing Peach?

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Johnson ◽  
Rich Rosecrance ◽  
Steve Weinbaum ◽  
Harry Andris ◽  
Jinzheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Early Maturing

The suspected contributory role of soil fertilization to nitrate pollution of groundwater has encouraged exploration of novel fertilizer management strategies. Foliar-applied urea has long been used to supplement soil N applications, but there have been no apparent attempts to replace soil N applications completely in deciduous orchard culture. Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar-applied low biuret urea on productivity and fruit growth of the early maturing peach [Prunus persica L. Batsch (Peach Group)] cultivar, Early Maycrest. In a 3-year experiment, a total foliar urea regime was compared to an equivalent amount of N applied to the soil. The foliar treatment supplied adequate amounts of N to the various organs of the tree including the roots, shoots, and fruit buds, but mean fruit weights were lower than in the soil-fertilized treatment. In a 2-year experiment, a 50%-50% combination treatment of soil-applied N in late summer with foliar-applied N in October, maintained yields and fruit weight equal to the soil-fertilized control. Some soil-applied N appears necessary for optimum fruit growth. Soil N application may be needed to support root proliferation and associated processes, but we did not determine a threshold amount of soil-applied N needed. The combination treatment also reduced excessive vegetative growth which is characteristic of early maturing peach cultivars. Therefore, this combination treatment offers promise as a viable commercial practice for maintaining tree productivity and controlling excessive vegetative growth in peach trees.

scholarly journals Peach and Nectarine Fruit Softening Following Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Sprays and Dips

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Final Harvest

AVG sprays applied to `Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees 53, 72, 80, 87, or 94 days after full bloom (AFB) slightly delayed the first harvest date. Applications at 53 or 94 days AFB slightly delayed cumulative second and third harvests. The fourth (final) harvest was not delayed by any AVG spray. Firm commercial-harvest peach and nectarine fruit submerged for 60 s in AVG solutions softened more slowly than the controls when kept at room temperature (≈24 °C) for 3 to 12 days. AVG-treated fruit dipped in ethephon after 4 days showed an increased rate of softening compared to fruits treated only with AVG. Fruit submerged in AVG solutions and stored at 1.5 or 4.5 °C for 12 to 18 days did not differ in firmness from the controls upon removal from cold storage but sometimes softened more slowly after storage. Ethylene evolution from AVG-dipped fruit was not measureable even after it was kept at room temperature for 12 days. Chemicals used: Aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride (AVG); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Improved Methods of Mechanically Thinning Peaches at Full Bloom

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A. Baugher ◽  
Kendall C. Elliott ◽  
David W. Leach ◽  
B.D. Horton ◽  
Stephen S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Width ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
June Drop

Studies were conducted on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during 1988 to 1990 to test the performance of a tree-width rope-curtain bloom thinner and a rotating rope-curtain thinner. Six trips over the tree canopy were required with the tree-width rope curtain, and only one trip was required with the rotating curtain to thin to a spacing of about one flower per 9 cm of fruiting shoot length. Based on the number of flowers per square centimeter of branch cross-sectional area (CSA) immediately following thinning and the number of fruit per square centimeter of CSA following June drop, rope-curtain thinning was equal to hand-thinning at full bloom (FB). Rope-curtain thinning reduced hand-thinning time by 40% and increased harvest fruit weight by 10% to 20%. Research on various modifications in tree training/pruning indicated that performance of the mechanical thinner was negatively correlated with shoot density. Thinning was maximum on open-center-trained trees on which detailed pruning had been conducted to eliminate overlapping shoots.

Control of Fruit Ripening in Peach, Prunus persica: Action of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide and (2-Chloroethyl)Phosphonic Acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
NE Looney ◽  
WB Mcglasson ◽  
BG Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii

Fruits of Halehaven and Fragar peaches (mid- and late season respectively) were sampled and examined weekly during one complete growing season. The period of rapid growth following anthesis (stage I) was characterized by relatively high respiration and ethylene production rates. Fruits of both cultivars entered the subsequent period of slow growth (stage II) together. Ethylene production was low and respiration declined throughout stage II. Sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), but not succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), resulted in increased ethylene evolution by stage II fruits. Neither chemical altered respiration or the duration of stage II. Both chemicals, however, advanced commercial harvest and promoted ripening of fruits sampled throughout the final rapid growth period (stage III). All fruits sampled during stage III showed a climacteric-like increase in respiration and ethylene production. The horticultural effectiveness of SADH and ethephon appears to be due to a promotion of physiological activity in stage III. Abscisic acid in peach pericarp increased just before and during stage III. Possible roles for abscisic acid and ethylene in regulating the stage II-stage III transition in peaches and other fruits are discussed.

Re-evaluation of a Desiccating Surfactant for Thinning Peach Blossoms

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 496c-496
Author(s):  
R.C. Ebel ◽  
D.G. Himelrick ◽  
A. Caylor ◽  
J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Dodecyl Ether

The surfactant “Surfactant WK” (dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol) was applied to peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] at full bloom over 3 years. Blossoms died rapidly, so that within 2 days dead blossoms could be distinguished easily from live blossoms or set fruit. There were strong (R2 > 0.87), linear correlations between concentration of “Surfactant WK” applied and percent blossoms removed and fruit set, which were similar over the 3 years. Trees were hand-thinned according to commercial practices after treatment. There was similar cropload, fruit weight and yield across treatments at harvest indicating no negative effects by the chemical on productivity. There was only slight limb damage at the highest concentrations of “Surfactant WK”, which over thinned blossoms. We recommend that based on the effectiveness, consistency, and lack of significant phytotoxicity, “Surfactant WK” be re-evaluated as a thinning chemical for peach trees.

scholarly journals Fruit Growth and Development of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 887C-887
Author(s):  
S. Jenni ◽  
K.A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Immature Seeds

As part of a program to develop a model for growth and development of muskmelon produced under various mulch and row cover combinations, all perfect flowers of five plants were tagged and measured on a daily basis. The polar and equatorial lengths of the inferior ovary were recorded from anthesis to fruit maturity. Mature fruits were harvested at full slip. The location of each flower on the plant was coded. Flowers and subsequent fruits were classified according to the following phenological stages: immature, close to mature, close to full bloom, full bloom, wilted, past full bloom, close to fruit, fruit. The netting was visually evaluated and rated on a scale of 0 to 5, the highest value representing maximum netting. At fruit maturity, the weight, polar and equatorial length of each fruit were measured and mature and immature seeds counted. The number of fruits that reached maturity was directly proportional to the total number of perfect flowers produced on a plant. Fruit weight during growth could be predicted from the polar and equatorial lengths.

scholarly journals Chitosan-based foliar application modulated the yield and biochemical attributes of peach (Prunus persica L.) cv. Early Grand

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Zafar Ullah ◽  
Syed Tanveer Shah ◽  
Izhar Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Fruit

Abstract Background Peach fruits are highly perishable leading to many pre- and post-harvest problems, which adds to the reduction in the potential yield and productivity. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, produced after alkaline chitin deacetylation. It is one of the most preferred biopolymers due to its biocompatibility, antioxidant, anticancer, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and non-toxic properties as well as being an economical material. A pre-harvesting experiment was carried out based on the problems of peach and the importance of chitosan. Results Peach trees were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) at different times (30, 50, and 70 days after full bloom) to elucidate the effect of chitosan to peach yield and fruit quality. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan (1%) caused significant increases in fruit weight, volume, tree yield−1, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content but caused significant decreases in total soluble solid fruit juice pH and disease incidence of peach fruit. Similarly, foliar application of chitosan after 50 days of full bloom increased fruit weight, volume, yield tree−1, firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content with the number of fruit kg−1, total soluble solids, juice pH, and disease incidence as compared to other application times. Conclusions It is concluded that chitosan at 1% applied after 50 days of full bloom improved most of the peach attributes studied compared to the other concentrations of chitosan at 0.50 and 0.75, and control for the production of quality peach fruit.

scholarly journals KKTC Ekolojik Koşullarında Bazı Erkenci Mandarin ve Portakal Çeşitlerinin Derim Dönemi ve Meyve Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Berken Çimen ◽  
Turgut Yesiloglu ◽  
Bilge Yılmaz ◽  
Meral İncesu ◽  
Müge Uysal Kamiloglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Early Maturing

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to harvest and length of the harvesting period in two early-maturing Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins and two early-maturing Navelina and Newhall oranges under Güzelyurt-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) ecological conditions. Fruit weight, fruit length, rind thickness, fruit juice, brix, acid and brix/acid ratio were determined. Fruit were harvested at three different times. Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins were harvested in September, October and November; Navelina and Newhall oranges were harvested in October, November and December. Harvest date x variety interaction effect was significantly important on fruit weight, fruit height and maturity index in mandarins whereas interaction effect of harvest date and variety was significantly important on fruit weight, citric acid concentration and maturity index in orange varieties. Maturity indexes were found 4.22, 7.26 and 10.34 on September, October and December, respectively in mandarins whereas maturity indexes were determined as 6.47, 9.47 and 13.42 in oranges. Additionally, fruit size were positively affected by the increasing harvest date in mandarin and orange varieties. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, the optimum harvest date for mandarin varieties and Newhall navel as october and it was determined that the optimum harvest date Navelina navel was November under Güzelyurt ecological conditions

scholarly journals Heading Fruiting Shoots before Bloom Is Equally Effective as Blossom Removal in Peach Crop Load Management

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Net Profit

Three experiments were performed to determine if pruning treatments could reduce the need for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit thinning without reducing average fruit weight. To determine if dormant shoot heading affected fruit size simply by reducing the number of flowers per tree, all 1-year-old shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or blossoms were removed from the terminal half of each shoot. At 45 days after full bloom, all trees were hand-thinned to obtain predetermined crop densities. Average fruit weight was highest on trees with blossom removal, but crop value and net profit were highest for nontreated trees. To determine the influence of treatment severity on fruit weight, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were blossom-thinned or headed to remove blossoms on varying proportions of each shoot. Fruit set and the number of fruit removed during postbloom thinning decreased as the percentage of a shoot that was headed or blossom-thinned increased. Average fruit weight at harvest and crop value were higher for trees with blossom removal than for trees with headed shoots. Fruit weight and crop value were not affected by the percentage of the shoot treated. In the final experiment, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or were not headed. Heading of shoots reduced fruit set, number of fruits removed at thinning, and thinning time per tree, but yield, crop density, and average fruit weight were not affected by heading. Profit was increased by shoot heading one of the 3 years. Results from this study indicate that heading peach shoots by 50% while dormant pruning can reduce thinning costs without reducing fruit size, but a similar level of labor-intensive blossom removal may reduce postbloom thinning costs and improve fruit size.

scholarly journals Some Biochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects of Peach Fruit Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Masia ◽  
A. Zanchin ◽  
N. Rascio ◽  
A. Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

`Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] fruit growth, expressed as cheek diameter, displayed a double-sigmoid pattern in which four stages were defined (SI, SII, SIII, SIV). Free IAA concentration, as determined by polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), paralleled fruit growth rate, peaking at 30 and 85 days after full bloom (AFB), concurrently with the exponential phases of growth. The highest peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) (POD) and IAA oxidase (IAAox) activities occurred during endocarp lignification. The main structural events described were mesocarp cell division within the first 2 weeks AFB and, later, cell enlargement, modifications of the epicarp cells, lignification of the endocarp, differentiation of the chloroplasts, and changes in their starch content. Chemical name used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

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