scholarly journals Day-long Alterations of the Photomorphogenic Light Environment Affect Young Watermelon Plant Growth: Implications for Use with Rowcovers

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Decoteau ◽  
Heather A. Hatt Graham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps

The sensitivity of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum & Naki `Sugar Baby'] plant growth to day-long alterations in light quality was determined by exposing plants to light transmitted through broad band wavelength selective filters. Of the three acetate filters analyzed (nos. 19, 27, and 74), filter no. 74 transmitted the least amount of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (400 to 700 nm), the smallest red light: far-red light ratio (R:FR) (645:735 nm), and the greatest amount of blue light (400 to 500 nm) radiation from metal halide lamps. Plants grown under filter no. 74 were taller, had elongated petioles, and had a greater amount of petiole and stem biomass than plants grown under the other filters. Spectral transmission properties of commercially available rowcover materials were evaluated for variation of PPF, R:FR, and blue light. Clear polyethylene rowcovers were completely permeable to all measured (330 to 850 nm) wavelengths of radiation from metal halide lamps. White polyethylene rowcovers were the least permeable of the rowcover materials to wavelengths of radiation with decreases in the PPF, R:FR, and blue light. Spunbonded polyester materials slightly reduced PPF, R:FR, and blue light. Plants grown under white polyethylene and spunbonded materials grew taller (longer stems) than plants grown under the clear polyethylene rowcover. Petiole lengths were generally longer for plants grown under white polyethylene. Our results suggests that alterations in the R:FR and blue light due to selected wavelength transmission through commercially available rowcover material alter early watermelon growth.

scholarly journals Supplemental Light Quality Affects Budbreak, Yield, and Vase Life of Cut Roses

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Roberts ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
R:Fr Ratio ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps

Rosa ×hybrida `Samantha' plants were grown under high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, HPS lamps fitted with blue gel filters to reduce the red to far-red (R:FR) ratio, or metal halide lamps. R: FR ratios were 1:0.95, 1:2, and 1:0.26 for HPS; filtered HPS, and metal halide, respectively. Although the R: FR ratio for metal halide was 3.5 times higher than for HPS, the total energy from 630 to 750 nm was 2.8 times lower. At a nighttime supplemental photosynthetic photon flux of 70 to 75 μmol·m-2.s-1, plants under HPS and metal halide lamps produced 49 % and 64% more flowering shoots, respectively, than those under filtered HPS (averaged over two crop cycles). The quality index for flowers under HPS, metal halide, and filtered HPS was 25.0, 23.3, and 18.5, respectively. Vase life was 10 to 11 days, regardless of treatment.

scholarly journals Identification and expression of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family members in tomato exposed to different light spectra

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Zexiong Chen ◽  
Juan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Light is the source of energy for plants. Light wavelengths, densities and irradiation periods act as signals directing morphological and physiological characteristics during plant growth and development. To evaluate the effects of light wavelengths on tomato growth and development, Solanum lycopersicum (cv. micro-Tom) seedlings were exposed to different light-quality environments, including white light and red light supplemented with blue light (at ratios of 3:1 and 8;1, respectively). Tomatoes grown under red light supplemented with blue light displayed significantly shorter stem length, a higher number of flower buds and rate of fruit set, but an extremely late flowering compared to white-light-grown plants. To illustrate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of stem growth and floral transition mediated by red/blue light, 10 trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes were identified in tomato, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. qRT-PCR analysis showed that SlTPSs were expressed widely throughout plant development and SlTPS1 was expressed at extremely high levels in stems and buds. Further analysis of several flowering-associated genes and microRNAs showed that the expressions of SlTPS1, SlFT and miR172 were significantly downregulated in tomato grown under red and blue light compared with those grown under white light, whereas miR156 transcript levels were increased. A regulatory model underlying vegetative growth and floral transition regulated by light qualities is presented. Our data provide evidence that light quality strongly affects plant growth and phase transition, most likely via the TPS1-T6P signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Blue Light Monochromatic Irradiation for 12 Hours in Lighting Pattern with Combinations of Blue and Red Light Elongates Young Cos Lettuce Leaves and Promotes Growth under High Daily Light Integral

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Jishi ◽  
Ryo Matsuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Elongation

Cos lettuce was grown under different spectral photon flux density distribution (SPFD) change patterns with blue- and/or red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with a 24-hour cycle. Twelve treatments were designed with a combination of four relative SPFD (RSPFD) change patterns and three photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. The RSPFD change patterns were as follows: BR/BR, simultaneous blue- and red-light irradiation (BR) for 24 h; R/BR, red-light monochromatic irradiation (R) for 12 h followed by 12 hours of BR; B/BR, blue-light monochromatic irradiation (B) for 12 hours followed by 12 hours of BR; and B/R, 12 hours of B followed by 12 hours of R. Each RSPFD change pattern was conducted at three daily average photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDave) of 50, 100, and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The RSPFD change patterns that included B (B/BR and B/R) resulted in elongated leaves. A low ratio of active phytochrome to total phytochrome under B was considered the reason for leaf elongation. Shoot dry weight was significantly greater under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The leaf elongation caused by B would have increased the amount of light received and thereby promoted growth. However, excessive leaf elongation caused the plants to fall, and growth was not promoted under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 50 µmol·m−2·s−1. Thus, 12-hour B promoted growth under conditions in which leaf elongation leads to increases in the amount of light received.

SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHTING FOR RESEARCH GREENHOUSES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ANN CLARK ◽  
M. D. DEVINE
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

The growth and development of six plant species were measured under a standardized photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) supplied by fluorescent, metal halide, or high-pressure sodium lamps. Overall, plant growth and seed yield were in the order of high-pressure sodium > metal halide > fluorescent. Although the units tested were unable to supply a uniform, high flux density, acceptable plant growth was achieved under the compromise arrangements used.Key words: Fluorescent, metal halide, high pressure sodium, supplementary lighting

scholarly journals Application of an Automatic Control System of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density for LED-Low Light Irradiation Storage of Green Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara ◽  
Toshinari Sawada ◽  
Yoshikatsu Kimura ◽  
Kenji Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Low Light

A light-emitting diode (LED)-low light irradiation (LLI) storage system was developed for suppressing the change in dry weight and maintaining the quality of green plants during long-term storage. In this system, the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rate was maintained at zero by automatically adjusting the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller. The voltage supplied to the LEDs was controlled by the difference between the inflow (400 μmol·mol-1) and outflow CO2 concentrations in the storage case. Grafted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; scion = `House Momotaro'; rootstock = `Anchor T') plug seedlings were stored at 10 °C for 35 days under four different LLI conditions as a system operating test: fixed red light irradiation at 2 μmol·m-2·s-1, PID-controlled red light irradiation with no blue light, and PID-controlled red light irradiation with blue light at 0.2 or 1.0 μmol·m-2·s-1. The results showed that the automatic PPFD control during LED-LLI helped suppress changes in dry weight during storage as expected. Furthermore, it was found that addition of a low percentage of blue light improved the morphological appearance of the seedlings and reduced the PPFD required to suppress the change in dry weight.

scholarly journals Influence of Spectral Filters on Height, Leaf Chlorophyll, and Flowering of Rosa × hybrida ‘Meirutral’

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
M.J. McMahon ◽  
J.W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growth Chambers

Abstract Growth of Rosa × hybrida ‘Meirutral’ under different spectral filters was evaluated. Two filters that altered far-red (730 nm)/red (660 nm) light (FR/R) were developed. One, a blue textile dye, increased FR/R by filtering out a portion of red light. The second, a salt (copper sulfate) decreased FR/R by filtering out a greater portion of far-red than red light. A third filter that did not alter light quality was the control. The filters were installed in specially built growth chambers. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) was adjusted to equal values in each chamber. Plants were significantly shorter and had higher leaf chlorophyll when grown under the reduced FR/R filter. The number of flower buds and number of buds showing color at termination of the experiment was not affected by light quality treatments.

scholarly journals Vegetative Growth of Potato under High-pressure Sodium, High-pressure Sodium SON-Agro, and Metal Halide Lamps

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
J.C. Sager
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Spectral Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cvs. Norland and Denali) plants were grown under high-pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), and blue-light-enhanced SON-Agro high-pressure sodium (HPS-S) lamps to study the effects of lamp spectral quality on vegetative growth. All plants were initiated from in vitro nodal cultures and grown hydroponically for 35 days at 300 μmol·m–2·s–1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with a 12-hour light/12-hour dark photoperiod and matching 20C/16C thermoperiod. `Denali' main stems and internodes were significantly longer under HPS compared to MH, while under HPS-S, lengths were intermediate relative to those under other lamp types, but not significantly different. `Norland' plants showed no significant differences in stem and internode length among lamp types. Total dry weight of `Denali' plants was unaffected by lamp type, but `Norland' plants grown with HPS had significantly higher dry weight than those under either HPS-S or MH. Spectroradiometer measurements from the various lamps verified the manufacturer's claims of a 30% increase in ultraviolet-blue (350 to 450 nm) output from the HPS-S relative to standard HPS lamps. However, the data from `Denali' suggest that at 300 μmol·m–2·s–1 total PPF, the increased blue from HPS-S lamps is still insufficient to consistently maintain short stem growth typical of blue-rich irradiance environments.

scholarly journals Growth of Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura under Various Spectral Filters

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. McMahon ◽  
J.W. Kelly ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
R.E. Young ◽  
R.K. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Growth Chambers

`Spears' (nonpinched and pinched) and `Yellow Mandalay' (pinched) chrysanthemums were grown in growth chambers equipped with panels filled with liquids that served as spectral filters. Light quality was altered by reducing blue light, increasing red: far-red (R: FR) light, or reducing R: FR. Control panels did not selectively alter light transmission. Photosynthetic photon flux was the same in all chambers. All plants grown under increased R: FR filters had reduced height, reduced internode length, and increased chlorophyll content compared to controls. Reduction in blue light decreased chlorophyll content of pinched plants compared to controls. Pinched plants grown under increased R: FR light and !ong days developed fewer nodes than controls due to the formation of abnormal capitula; the controls and plants from the other treatments developed more nodes before producing similarly abnormal capitula. Stem diameter and leaf area did not differ due to treatments.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Quantum Sensors Measuring Yield Photon Flux and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Barnes ◽  
Theodore Tibbitts ◽  
John Sager ◽  
Gerald Deitzer ◽  
David Bubenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Two Measures

Photosynthesis is fundamentally driven by photon flux rather than energy flux, but not all absorbed photons yield equal amounts of photosynthesis. Thus, two measures of photosynthetically active radiation have emerged: photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), which values all photons from 400 to 700 nm equally, and yield photon flux (YPF), which weights photons in the range from 360 to 760 nm according to plant photosynthetic response. We selected seven common radiation sources and measured YPF and PPF from each source with a spectroradiometer. We then compared these measurements with measurements from three quantum sensors designed to measure YPF, and from six quantum sensors designed to measure PPF. There were few differences among sensors within a group (usually <5%), but YPF values from sensors were consistently lower (3 % to 20 %) than YPF values calculated from spectroradiometric measurements. Quantum sensor measurements of PPF also were consistently lower than PPF values calculated from spectroradiometric measurements, but the differences were <7% for all sources, except red-light-emitting diodes. The sensors were most accurate for broad-band sources and least accurate for narrow-band sources. According to spectroradiometric measurement, YPF sensors were significantly less accurate (>9% difference) than PPF sensors under metal halide, high-pressure sodium, and low-pressure sodium lamps. Both sensor types were inaccurate (>18% error) under red-light-emitting diodes. Because both YPF and PPF sensors are imperfect integrators, and because spectroradiometers can measure photosynthetically active radiation much more accurately, researchers should consider developing calibration factors from spectroradiometric data for some specific radiation sources to improve the accuracy of integrating sensors.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Response Curves

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of “Green Tower” lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.

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