scholarly journals Fertigation and Leaf Analysis Reduce Nitrogen Requirements of Pecans

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Ray E. Worley ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
N Application ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality

Yield and quality of pecan nuts were as high when 50 pounds N/acre was applied through a dripirrigation system as with 100 pounds/acre (112 kg·ha−1) applied either all broadcast or half broadcast-half fertigated. All N treatments kept leaf N well above the 2.50% (dry weight) lower threshold recommended for pecans. The 50 pounds N/acre-all-fertigated treatment resulted in less soil pH reduction and less loss of K, Ca, and Mg from soil in the nonwetted zone underneath the tree canopy than broadcast treatments. Soil pH, K, and Mg were slightly lowered in the 6- to 12-inch (15 to 30 cm) soil layer when all of the N was fertigated. Higher leaf Ca and Mg from the low rate of N fertigated reflected the higher concentrations of these elements in the soil in the nonwetted zone rather than the lower concentrations in the wetted zone. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect on the tree from lowering the N application to only 50 pounds/acre and applying it in four monthly applications through the drip irrigation system beginning 1 Apr.

scholarly journals A Long-term Comparison of Broadcast Application versus Drip Fertigation of Nitrogen for Mature Pecan Trees

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Worley ◽  
J.W. Daniel ◽  
J.D. Dutcher ◽  
K.A. Harrison ◽  
B.G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
Drip Fertigation

No reduction in yield and quality of pecan nuts or leaf mineral nutrient concentration occurred when 100 lb/acre of N was applied through a drip-irrigation system compared with 200 lb/acre applied either all broadcast or half broadcast and half fertigated. Yield of `Stuart', percentage kernel of `Schley', and nut size of both cultivars were increased by irrigation or irrigation and fertigation. The 100 lb/acre N-all-fertigated treatment resulted in less soil pH reduction and less loss of K, Ca, and Mg from soil underneath the tree canopy than broadcast treatments. No evidence of excessive soil pH reduction in the wetted zone of fertigated trees was noticed. Calcium and Mg were higher within than outside the wetted zone.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on yield and quality of broccoli

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Everaarts ◽  
P. De Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

The effects of the rate and the method of N application on yield and quality of broccoli cv. Emperor were studied during 3 seasons at Andijk and Lelystad, Netherlands. Different amounts of N fertilizer were applied broadcast or band placed at planting. Band placement of fertilizer increased the yield in 5 out of 8 experiments. Application of N resulted in larger heads. No relationship was found between soil mineral N at planting and optimum N application because of the narrow range of soil mineral N at planting. Split application had no or a negative effect on yield and therefore is not recommended. For optimum yields a rate of 270 kg N/ha is recommended, minus the mineral N in the 0-60 cm soil layer, band placed at planting. For broadcast application 275 kg N minus the soil mineral N is recommended at planting, but yields will be lower than with band placement of fertilizer.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

scholarly journals Foliar application of silicon and the effect on wheat seed yield and quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Rigo Segalin ◽  
Caroline Huth ◽  
Thais D'Avila Rosa ◽  
Diógenes Barella Pahins ◽  
Liliane Marcia Mertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Physiological Quality

Adequate nutrients for plants are important for increasing the yield and quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilization with silicon in wheat and its effect on seed yield and physiological quality. Treatments consisted of two silicon dosages (three and six liters silicon per hectare) and the control (no silicon) and five wheat cultivars: OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" and Fundacep "Horizonte". The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. After physiological maturity, harvesting and threshing of the seeds were done manually. Seed samples were evaluated for yield and physiological quality from the germination test, first germination count, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, 1000 seeds and hectoliter weights. The results showed that the foliar application of silicon at the dosages tested did not affect the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced by the wheat cultivars.

Saflufenacil Carryover Injury Varies among Rotational Crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen E. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Weight Yield

Trials were established in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of soil residues of saflufenacil on growth, yield, and quality of eight rotational crops planted 1 yr after application. In the year of establishment, saflufenacil was applied PRE to field corn at rates of 75, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pea, pepper, potato, and sugar beet were planted 1 yr later, maintained weed-free, and plant dry weight, yield, and quality measures of interest to processors for each crop were determined. Reductions in dry weight and yield of all grades of cucumber were determined at both the 100 and 200 g ha−1rates of saflufenacil. Plant dry weight, bulb number, and size and yield of onion were also reduced by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Sugar beet plant dry weight and yield, but not sucrose content, were decreased by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Cabbage plant dry weight, head size, and yield; carrot root weight and yield; and pepper dry weight, fruit number and size, and yield were only reduced in those treatments in which twice the field corn rate had been applied to simulate the effect of spray overlap in the previous year. Pea and potato were not negatively impacted by applications of saflufenacil in the year prior to planting. It is recommended that cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pepper, and sugar beet not be planted the year after saflufenacil application at rates up to 200 g ha−1. Pea and potato can be safely planted the year following application of saflufenacil up to rates of 200 g ha−1.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Humic Acid on Growth and Development Parameters of Parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) Grown in Boron Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay TURSUN ◽  
Sener AKINCI ◽  
Esin BOZKURT
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Growth Analyses ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Boron is an important micronutrient, required for all plant growth, and critical for high yield and quality of crops. The aim of the present research was to determine the effects of boron on pot-grown parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.). The experimental design consisted of four treatments using Hoagland-Arnon (1950) nutrient solutions with two different boron concentrations (B1 - 15 ppm and B2 - 150 ppm), each with and without 10 ml humic acid addition (HB1 and HB2), and controls with full strength Hoagland-Arnon solutions. Growth analyses of the parsley revealed that 15 ppm boron application caused an increase in root length leaf fresh and dry weight root fresh and dry weight and leaf area compared to control values. 150 ppm B (B2) concentration decreased all growth parameters compared to controls. The two humic acid treatments (HB1 and HB2) did not increase any of those growth parameters either in controls (C) or in the two boron (B1 and B2) concentrations. Analysis by (ICP-MS) revealed that B content in the leaves increased gradually in B1 and B2, as well as in both humic treatments where in HB2 it increased to 99.38% compared to B1. In the leaves, Mn, Zn and Fe contents behaved the same as B, increasing in all treatments, with the amounts in HB2 being significantly greater than in C, B1 and B2 leaves.

scholarly journals Investigating the Proper Application Rate of Nitrogen under Mulched Drip Irrigation to Improve the Yield and Quality of Tomato in Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Jifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Bihang Fan ◽  
Yusheng Hou ◽  
Yunqing Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Xinjiang is one of the most prolific tomato-planting areas in China. Here, we carried out a two-year (2017–2018) field experiment in Xinjiang to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on the spatial distribution of water and salt in the root zone, as well as their impacts on the yield and quality of tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation. The ideal ranges of N application rates for tomato yield and quality were examined under different salinity levels. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity increased with soil depth. Soil water content was closely related to soil salinity but not to N. Among the tested application rates, tomato yield was highest under the medium-high N (225–300 kg/ha) and low salt (4 g/kg) treatment. Under the highest salt level (10 g/kg), the low nitrogen treatment (150 kg/ha) was better than the high N treatment (300 kg/ha) at boosting tomato yield. Moreover, we found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than N. Based on these results, we were able to recommend ideal ranges for N (155–201 kg/ha) and salt (3.56–5.59 g/kg) while both are present in the soil.

scholarly journals Yield and Mineral Content of Hydroponically Grown Mini-Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as Affected by Reduced Nutrient Concentration and Foliar Fertilizer Application

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Maboko ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy ◽  
Silence Chiloane
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Nutrient application is one of the major inputs required for hydroponic production of cucumbers. Reduced nutrient solution concentration with supplementary foliar fertilizer application may maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumber, while decreasing the production costs. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer in combination with reduced nutrient concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown mini-cucumber in a plastic tunnel. Mini-cucumber plants were grown in sawdust, fertigated with nutrient solutions containing 100% (control), 75%, 50%, or 25% of the recommended nutrient concentration (NC) and two foliar fertilizer applications (no foliar and foliar application). The highest fresh and dry weight of mini-cucumber plants were obtained with 75% and 100% NC and decreased with 50% to 25% NC application. The number of marketable fruit and marketable yield on mini-cucumbers increased with 75% to 100% NC, followed by 50% NC, as compared with 25% NC. Deformed fruit were significantly lower at 25% NC than at 50%, 75%, and 100% NC. Foliar fertilizer application did not have an effect on mini-cucumber yield, but reduced the yellowing of fruit. Fruit mineral content (P, Fe, and Mn) was significantly improved by 100% NC. Improvement in yield at 75% and 100% NC was as a result of improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant fresh and dry weight, and the increase in nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Mn, which was evident in the analysis of cucumber leaves. The reduced NC of 75% can maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumbers, whereas the application of foliar fertilizer had a limited effect.

Assessment of Seed Yield and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Pods

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Haixia Xu ◽  
Haiyan Cen ◽  
Zhihong Ma ◽  
Liang Wan ◽  
Weijun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Jip Test ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agronomic Management

Abstract. Oilseed rape is one of the leading sources of vegetable oil in the world. Maximizing the seed yield and quality is crucial to improve the profit for farmers and meet the increasing consumer demand for healthy vegetable oil. However, the current evaluation process of seed yield and quality is tedious and inefficient due to its dependence on wet chemistry methods and/or manual measurements of small sample sizes. Because the photosynthesis of pods plays an important role in the accumulation of grain filling, this research aimed to evaluate the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape by using chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters. The OJIP kinetics of rape pods were acquired in two independent experiments with different levels of nitrogen (N) application and different crop varieties, respectively. The JIP-test showed that the level of N fertilizer can influence the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity, and the photosynthetic response also varied in the different varieties. The maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was a sensitive indicator for evaluating the performance of photosystem II (PSII) activity with the different N applications and varieties. Increased quantum yield and efficiency with more active reaction centers (RCs) were observed under increased N application as well as with variety GY605, leading to higher energy utilization efficiencies. However, superior photosynthetic apparatus in pods is not recommended in high-quality seed breeding because it would increase the contents of glucosinolates and erucic acid. In addition, the random forest (RF) algorithm was proven to be effective in feature selection, and the selected fluorescence parameters mostly showed high correlations with seed yield and quality. These results demonstrate the potential of the ChlF method for assessing the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape at the early podding stage, which could also be useful for advancing crop breeding and improving agronomic management. Keywords: Agronomic management, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Crop varieties, JIP-test, Oilseed rape, Seed quality, Seed yield.

Influence of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of hard red winter wheat in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
R. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Several previous studies have reported that grain yield of cereal crops was greater from multiple than from single nitrogen (N) applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the time and rate of N application on the yield and quality of hard red winter wheat grown in Ontario. One experiment was conducted in each of 2 yr using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were rate of N application (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 or 240 kg N ha−1), and timing of N application (100/0/0, 75/25/0, 50/50/0 or 25/50/25 percent of the N applied at Zadok’s growth stages 22/32/45). Early N application reduced grain yield in a year of below-average precipitation, increased grain yield in a year of average precipitation, and increased straw yield in both years. Late N application increased grain crude protein concentration and harvest index in both years. Given the lack of a consistent yield increase and the added cost of application, it is unlikely that multiple N applications will be economical for hard red winter wheat production in Ontario.Key words: Triticum aestivum, intensive cereal management, yield components, wheat

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