scholarly journals Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield of Three Types of Micropropagated `Redwing' Red Raspberry Nursery Stock

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Chad Finn ◽  
Michele Warmund ◽  
Chris Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

The vegetative growth and fruit yield of three types of micropropagated `Redwing' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. var. idaeus) nursery stock were compared. The three types of nursery material included: 1) stage IV (S-IV) actively growing plants; 2) dormant-stage IV (DS-IV) plants; and 3) nursery-matured (NM) S-IV plants, grown for 8 to 12 weeks in the field before harvest for cold storage. On 1 Apr. 1991, primocane-fruiting `Redwing' plants of each type were planted 0.6 m apart in ridged, drip-irrigated, and straw-mulched rows spaced 3 m apart in six, three-plant replications. In the establishment year, a small, but commercially viable, crop was harvested from 16 Aug. 1991 to 28 Oct. 1991. The S-IV and NM plants produced greater yields than DS-IV plants in the establishment year. However, by the end of the second year, the S-IV plants had the greatest fruit yield, followed by NM, with the DS-IV plants continuing to have the lowest yield. Fruit size of the S-IV plants was largest in both years. While there were differences in dry weight during the planting year, by the experiment's conclusion, the dry weights were similar among all nursery types. When planting `Redwing', the less-expensive, easier-to-handle, and higher-yielding S-IV plants would be recommended over the other nursery types.

scholarly journals Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Primocane Raspberry ‘Ariadne’ as Affected by Prohexadione–calcium Treatments

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Palonen ◽  
Katriina Mouhu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Maintaining an appropriate balance between vegetative and generative growth is a prerequisite for profitable raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. The objective of our study was to test the effect of prohexadione–calcium (ProCa) on vegetative growth and flowering of primocane fruiting red raspberry ‘Ariadne’ in greenhouse conditions. ProCa was applied either once or twice in a concentration of 100 ppm or 200 ppm. Double applications of ProCa reduced cane height by 33 cm (100 ppm) or by 46 cm (200 ppm). Growth reduction was the result of shortening of the internodes, because total node number in plants was unaffected. Furthermore, cane diameter was reduced in plants treated with 200 ppm ProCa. ProCa treatments reduced the total aboveground dry weight by 32% to 55% but did not affect the allocation of dry weight into different plant parts. All ProCa treatments reduced the number of flowers by 22% to 42%. In conclusion, ProCa proved effective in controlling vegetative growth of red raspberry. However, because the number of flowers was reduced, ProCa cannot be recommended for growth regulation of primocane fruiting raspberry without further studies.

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THREE TYPES OF MICROPROPAGATED RED RASPBERRY NURSERY STOCKS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 636e-636
Author(s):  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
Michele R. Warmund ◽  
Chris J. Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The growth and fruiting of 3 types of micropropagated red raspberry plants were compared. The 3 types of nursery material included: 1) Stage 4 (S-4) - 10-15 cm tall, actively growing plants; 2) dormant Stage 4 (DS-4); and 3) nursery matured (NM) - S-4 plants that are grown for 8-12 weeks in the field. On 1 Apr. 1991, `Redwing' plants of each type were planted 0.6 m apart in ridged, drip-irrigated, and straw-mulched rows spaced 3 m apart. Fruit harvest began on 16 Aug. and continued until 28 Oct. On 12 Nov., the above ground portion of each plant was harvested for measurements of plant growth. The S-4 and NM plants had the highest fruit yields (number and weight), and the S-4 plants had the largest fruit size. NM plants had the first ripe fruit followed 4 days later by S-4 plants and 10 days later by DS-4 plants. The NM and S-4 plants had the greatest cane lengths and diameters. The S-4 and DS-4 plants had the largest above ground dry weights. The DS-4 plants produced the largest number of canes.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

In vitro hardening of red raspberry through CO2 enrichment and relative humidity reduction on sugar-free medium

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribo Deng ◽  
Danielle J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Plantlet Growth ◽  
Murashige Skoog

Micropropagated shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ’Comet’) were rooted on modified Murashige-Skoog medium lacking sucrose, in specially constructed plexiglass chambers, under ambient (340 ± 20 ppm) or enriched (1500 ± 50 ppm) CO2 and ambient (ca. 100%) or reduced (90 ± 5%) relative humidity. Cultured plantlets were evaluated for their survival, rooting and relative vigor, leaf and root number, stem and root length, total leaf area, total fresh and dry weight, gas exchange rate, and stomatal features, prior to transplantation to soil and at intervals for 6 wk ex vitro. In vitro CO2 enrichment promoted plantlet growth, rooting and both the survival and early growth of transplants. CO2 enrichment increased stomatal aperture of plantlet leaves but did not apparently increase water stress at transplantation. Reduced in vitro RH did not affect plantlet growth but decreased stomatal apertures and stomatal index on leaves of cultured plantlets and promoted both the survival and early growth of transplants. In vitro CO2 and RH levels did not affect the photosynthetic rate of either plantlets or transplants. Only the stomata on leaves of plantlets from the ambient CO2 and reduced RH treatment were functional. Normal stomatal function was not observed in persistent leaves of transplants from the other treatments, even 2 wk after transplantation. In vitro CO2 enrichment acted synergistically with RH reduction in improving growth of plantlets both in vitro and ex vitro. Hardened red raspberry plantlets obtained through CO2 enrichment and RH reduction survived direct transfer to ambient greenhouse conditions without the necessity for specialized ex vitro acclimatization treatment. Key words: Acclimatization, growth analysis, photosynthesis, Rubus idaeus L., stomata, tissue culture

EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED RASPBERRY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK A. FREEMAN ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
HUGH A. DAUBENY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was graft-inoculated into 10 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in 1970 and plants of root cuttings from infected and virus-free (VF) plants were established in the field in 1971. Data were recorded on the growth of the newly propagated plants in 1971 and on growth and yield in 1972, 1973 and 1974. TomRSV infection resulted in retarding the growth of the young plants arising from the root cuttings of 8 of the 10 cultivars. Chlorotic ringspot markings were evident on many of the young plants arising from the root cuttings, but in subsequent years very few foliar markings were observed. A year after the plants were established, the canes of six cultivars were shorter than those of VF clones. The cultivars Avon, Latham, Lloyd George, and Mailing Jewel had significantly shorter canes in each of the 3 yr that measurements were taken. Only two cultivars, Carnival and Lloyd George, showed a reduction in yield in the 1st cropping year. By the 3rd cropping year, Avon, Glen Clova, Latham, Lloyd George and Meeker all showed a significant reduction in yield. Avon and Lloyd George also showed reduced fruit size. When all growth parameters were considered, the cultivar ranking in order of decreasing susceptibility was as follows: Lloyd George, Avon, Latham, Glen Clova, Meeker, Matsqui, Mailing Jewel, Carnival, Puyallup, and Canby.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Breeding for Yield in Red Raspberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Emily J. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Small Fruit

For most small fruit-breeding programs, high yield is a key objective and breeders face a number of challenges breeding for high yield, including interaction of environmental influences and the high cost of yield measurements. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) yield is determined by a number of yield components (YC), including cane number, cane length, number of fruiting laterals, fruit numbers, and fruit size. The ultimate goal for breeders would be to be able to select for high-yield genotypes using key YC as early in the life of the plant as possible. In this study we set out to determine how individual components of yield are inherited, determine which components contribute the most to total yield, and investigate whether it is possible using key components to make selections for high-yielding genotypes on 1- and 2-year-old plants. We estimated variance components, heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations, and breeding values for yield and YC from 1008 genotypes based on 85 families derived from 45 parents harvested over three seasons in Washington state. Narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.2 for number of canes (NCAN)] to moderately high [0.69 for berry weight (BWT)]. In general, all YCs were positively correlated with total yield (TYLD). The highest genetic correlation with TYLD was found for BWT (0.8), followed by cane length (CLEN) (0.54) and number of fruit per lateral (NFRT) (0.5). NCAN had the lowest genetic correlation with TYLD (–0.03). Genotype × year (G×Y) interaction was higher for some YCs than others. Berry weight, lateral length (LLEN), and NFRT were found to be the most stable overall seasons and the interaction was higher between the first and second years than between the second and third years of the study. To determine the most important YC, we calculated the correlations between the product of all combinations of subsets of the YC breeding values and TYLD. Berry weight, CLEN, and cane diameter (CDIA) were found to be the most important for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The two most important YCs were LLEN and BWT and this was consistent overall seasons. We demonstrate that it is possible to select high-yielding genotypes by measuring key components such as LLEN, CLEN, and BWT in the first and second fruiting seasons.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

scholarly journals Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Castellanos ◽  
María Jesús Cabello ◽  
María del Carmen Cartagena ◽  
Ana María Tarquis ◽  
Augusto Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.

scholarly journals Caneburning Effects on Weeds, Primocane Growth, and Fruit Yield in Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-699
Author(s):  
Yushan Duan ◽  
Thomas W. Walters ◽  
Timothy W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Commercial Field

A large percentage of North American processing red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is produced in maritime areas of western regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Oregon. Most of these raspberry plantings are caneburned; they are treated with herbicides in early spring to remove the first-emerging primocanes in an attempt to reduce their competition with floricanes during flowering and fruiting and thereby increase fruit yield. Trials were conducted in northwestern Washington to determine the effect of carfentrazone and oxyfluorfen applied for primocane management in three currently grown raspberry cultivars. Although caneburning did provide early season weed control in treated plots, weed control fell below 70% in the commercial ‘Meeker’ field more quickly each year: at 138 days after treatment (DAT) in 2010, 71 DAT in 2011, and 47 DAT in 2012, compared with greater than 80% control at the end of each season when the soil residual herbicide terbacil was applied. Oxyfluorfen provided longer suppression of primocane growth than did carfentrazone, particularly in ‘Cascade Bounty’ but also to a lesser extent in ‘Meeker’. Caneburning did not improve raspberry yield in five of the six tested years for ‘Meeker’, or in any of the five tested years for ‘Cascade Bounty’ or the single year for ‘Coho’, although the trend was for greater yield with caneburning across all cultivars. Oxyfluorfen improved 3-year ‘Meeker’ average yield 43% from nontreated raspberry in the commercial field trial, compared with a 29% increase with carfentrazone.

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