scholarly journals Sodium Lignin Sulfonate and Sodium Orthophenylphenate Interaction on Browning of Pear Fruits

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
J.W. Sitton ◽  
M.E Patterson ◽  
G.W. Apel
Keyword(s):  
Skin Necrosis ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Flotation Agent ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Lignin Sulfonate

Immersion of Anjou pears (Pyrus communis L. cv. Beurre d Anjou) in sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS), a flotation agent used in hydraulic handling of pears, did not cause injury leading to skin browning. Immersion of cut pear slices in SLS discolors pear fruit flesh, but the discoloration derived from SLS pigments does not intensify with time. When the fungicide sodium orthophenylphenate (SOPP) was combined with SLS, necrotic skin mottling occurred with increased immersion times and temperatures. A white precipitate in the SLS SOPP solution accompanied phytotoxicity of pear skin tissue. Acidification of alkaline SOPP solutions (pH 11.3) with 0.01 N HCl down to pH 10 produced mild skin necrosis. Both acid (0.01 N HC1) and alkaline (0.01 n KOH) solutions of SOPP and SLS-SOPP combinations caused browning of pear flesh.

scholarly journals Traditional varieties and wild pear from Serbia: A link among antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of fruit peel and flesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Mariana Oaldje-Pavlovic ◽  
Ana Alimpic-Aradski ◽  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Smiljana Jankovic ◽  
Milena Milutinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Commercial Variety ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Fruit Part

This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extracts of peel, flesh and mixed peel, and flesh, as well as the cytotoxic activity of mixed peel and flesh extracts obtained from fruits of six traditional pear varieties (Vidovaca, Lubenicarka, Karamanka, Jeribasma, Loncara and Takisa), one commercial variety (Williams Bartlett) and a wild pear (Pyrus communis) from Serbia. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant activity regarding the prevention of ?-carotene bleaching and high ?-glucosidase inhibition, and no significant cytotoxic potential, with the exception of the Williams Bartlett and Pyrus communis extracts. Overall, the most potent fruit part was shown to be the peel. The most active variety in all of the applied antioxidant and antidiabetic assays was Takisa, while the wild pear, P. communis, was the most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. In conclusion, several methanolic extracts of pear fruit are promising candidates for further studies regarding the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions associated with the effects of oxidative stress, such as diabetes and even colorectal cancer.

Some morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in the pear fruit (Pyrus communis var. Williams Bon Chrétien) during development and following harvest

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Bain
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes occurring in the developing fruit of Pyrus communis var. Williams Bon Chretien were studied at frequent intervals, from blossom until after commercial maturity, in three successive seasons. Morphological changes were shown by increase in measurements of volume, long and short axis, and the width of the cortex (flesh), the morphology of the fruit being interpreted by the receptacular theory, Anatomical changes were given by the duration and distribution of cell division, differentiation of tissues, cell size, and cell number. Physiological changes were expressed as changes in fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content for the whole fruit, and separately for the flesh, peel, and core in the second and third seasons. Total and reducing sugars, starch, titratable acidity, and total and protein nitrogen were estimated per gram of dried flesh at each sampling. Respiration rates for whole fruit were measured by the Pettenkofer method. Physiological changes could not be expressed on a per cell basis because of the complex structure of pear tissue. Data presented on the basis of the number of days from blossom showed two distinct stages in fruit growth. Stage I, the first 42-56 days of development, corresponded to the main cell division period and was characterized by more rapid morphological but slower physiological changes (except for increase in protein nitrogen) than Stage 11, the remainder of the time on the tree. Comparable trends were found in the three seasons, but drought reduced growth rate in the first season. Some ripening changes were followed on removal from the tree and after periods of cold storage at 0°C.

scholarly journals Reassessment of Seed Influence on Return Bloom and Fruit Growth in 'Bartlett' Pear

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Weinbaum ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong ◽  
John Maki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Pear Trees

In a simple, yet elegant experiment conducted 30 years ago, Chan and Cain (1967) using 'Spencer Seedless', a facultatively parthenocarpic apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) cultivar, proposed that seeds inhibited flowering and accentuated biennial bearing in apple. Their conclusions have been extrapolated widely to include apple and other species. We have tested the universality of their conclusions using 'Bartlett' pear (Pyrus communis L.), a commercially important, facultatively parthenocarpic cultivar. Unlike 'Spencer Seedless' apples and seedless 'Bartlett' pear grown in France, California-grown seedless 'Bartlett' pear fruit strongly inhibited flowering the following year. However, the presence of seeds increased 'Bartlett' pear fruit size relative to seedless fruit by 13% and 20% in nonthinned and heavily-thinned pear trees, respectively, indicating that seeds increased fruit sink strength.

Phenolic compounds profile, carbohydrates and external fruit quality of the ‘Concorde’ pear (Pyrus communisL.) after bagging

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Franci Stampar ◽  
Primoz Orazem ◽  
Maja Mikulic Petkovsek ◽  
Robert Veberic
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Solids Content

Hudina, M., Stampar, F., Orazem, P., Mikulic Petkovsek, M. and Veberic, R. 2012. Phenolic compounds profile, carbohydrates and external fruit quality of the 'Concorde' pear ( Pyrus communis L.) after bagging. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 67–75. The practice of pre-harvest bagging has been extensively used in several fruit crops to improve the commercial value of the fruit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fruit bagging on internal and external quality of the European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. ‘Concorde’. Fruit quality was determined by chemical analyses (individual sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds) and physical characteristics in 2005 and 2006. Bagging of pear fruit after June drop until harvest significantly reduced fruit length in both observed years. Fruit bagging resulted in increased firmness of the fruit only in 2006. Soluble solids content was significantly lower in bagged fruit in 2006. In 2005, bagging had no influence on firmness and soluble solids content. Bagging improved fruit surface lightness, since L* was higher in the bagged than in the control fruit in both years. Also the a* parameter was higher in bagged fruit. We noted significant influence of bagging on total sugars content. Bagging European pear fruit decreased the content of phenolic compounds in skin (catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside). The removal of bags 7 d before harvest significantly increased glucose, shikimic and fumaric acids.

Effect of a postbloom naphthaleneacetic acid thinning spray and hand thinning on quality and quantity of pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Harrow Sweet

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hudina ◽  
F Štampar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and hand thinning on quality and quantity of pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Harrow Sweet was investigated in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The experiment included the following treatments: an unsprayed control, hand thinning to 3 fruit cm-2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), hand thinning to 6 fruit cm-2 of TCSA, NAA at 8 mg L-1 (2005-2007), NAA at 16 mg L-1 (2006-2007) and NAA at 20 mg L-1 (2007). The same treatments were applied to the same trees in each of the three years. NAA thinning did not reduce yield per tree and had no negative effect on fruit set, yield efficiency, or crop load in any of the years. In 2005 and 2006, NAA and hand thinning significantly increased fruit diameter and weight. In 2007, only NAA at 20 mg L-1 significantly increased fruit diameter and weight relative to the control. Fruit firmness was not influenced by NAA or hand thinning in 2005 or 2007, but in 2006, hand-thinned fruits were significantly less firm than control fruit. Hand thinning to 6 fruit cm-2 of TCSA increased fruit soluble solids content in 2006 and 2007. Neither NAA nor hand thinning influenced total sugars or organic acids in fruit. Key words: Yield, sugars, organic acids, HPLC

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation regime on the production of volatiles that affect the aroma of the pear variety Triumph of Vienna (Pyrus communis L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Vélez ◽  
Wilson Polanía ◽  
Nicolás Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Water is a major component of plants that directly and indirectly affects physiological processes. One of the consequences of a hydric deficit in the pear fruit is modification of the aroma. No information exists on the effect of a water deficit on the sensory profile and volatile composition of this species. The objective was to determine the production of volatiles in the harvest and post-harvest of pear var. Triumph of Vienna (Pyrus communis L.) with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). The irrigation treatments consisted of the application of water regimes that were 100 (Control), 74 and 48% of the ETc during the rapid fruit growth period. The rest of the season plants were irrigated at 100%ETc. In the deficit treatments, there were no significant reductions with respect to the control in the quality of the fruits, obtaining a water savings in 74 and 48%ETc of 26 and 40%, respectively. The esters were the volatile compounds that contribute greatly to aroma, which increased steadily during the climacteric phase. Under the limited water conditions, watering with regulated, deficit doses obtained production that was similar to that of well-watered crops, provided that it was carried out in the phenological stage of low sensitivity and that the tolerance limits of stress were not exceeded.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics of Differential Ripening in ‘d’Anjou’ Pear (Pyrus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Honaas ◽  
Heidi Hargarten ◽  
John Hadish ◽  
Stephen P. Ficklin ◽  
Sara Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Postharvest Management

Estimating maturity in pome fruits is a critical task that directs virtually all postharvest supply chain decisions. This is especially important for European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars because losses due to spoilage and senescence must be minimized while ensuring proper ripening capacity is achieved (in part by satisfying a fruit chilling requirement). Reliable methods are lacking for accurate estimation of pear fruit maturity, and because ripening is maturity dependent it makes predicting ripening capacity a challenge. In this study of the European pear cultivar ‘d’Anjou’, we sorted fruit at harvest based upon on-tree fruit position to build contrasts of maturity. Our sorting scheme showed clear contrasts of maturity between canopy positions, yet there was substantial overlap in the distribution of values for the index of absorbance difference (IAD), a non-destructive spectroscopic measurement that has been used as a proxy for pome fruit maturity. This presented an opportunity to explore a contrast of maturity that was more subtle than IAD could differentiate, and thus guided our subsequent transcriptome analysis of tissue samples taken at harvest and during storage. Using a novel approach that tests for condition-specific differences of co-expressed genes, we discovered genes with a phased character that mirrored our sorting scheme. The expression patterns of these genes are associated with fruit quality and ripening differences across the experiment. Functional profiles of these co-expressed genes are concordant with previous findings, and also offer new clues, and thus hypotheses, about genes involved in pear fruit quality, maturity, and ripening. This work may lead to new tools for enhanced postharvest management based on activity of gene co-expression modules, rather than individual genes. Further, our results indicate that modules may have utility within specific windows of time during postharvest management of ‘d’Anjou’ pear.

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