scholarly journals Plastic Mulches for the Production of Vegetable Crops

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
William James Lament
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Subsequent Introduction

The development of polyethylene as a plastic film in 1938 and its subsequent introduction as a plastic mulch in the early 1950s revolutionized the commercial production of selected vegetable crops. Throughout the succeeding years, research, extension, and industry personnel, together with growers, have documented the advantages of using plastic mulch as one component of a complete intensive vegetable production system. Although a variety of vegetables can be grown successfully using plastic mulches, muskmelons, honeydews, watermelons, squash, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, okra, sweet corn, and cole crops have shown significant increases in earliness, total yield, and quality. Research continues on field evaluation of new formulations of degradable, wavelength-selective, and colored plastic mulches and on cropping systems to use best these specific improvements. The use of plastic mulches for the production of vegetable crops continues to increase throughout the United States and the world.

scholarly journals Soil-biodegradable Mulches for Growth, Yield, and Quality of Sweet Corn in a Mediterranean-type Climate

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuresh Ghimire ◽  
Edward Scheenstra ◽  
Carol A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Black Plastic

Plastic mulch is commonly used to produce many vegetable crops because of its potential to decrease days to harvest, control weeds, and improve soil moisture conservation. However, use of plastic mulch is relatively new for sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in North America. We compared five plastic soil-biodegradable mulches [BDMs; Bio360, Organix AG, Clear Organix AG, Naturecycle, and Experimental polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoates (Metabolix, Inc., Cambridge, MA)] and a paper mulch (WeedGuardPlus) against standard black polyethylene (PE; nonbiodegradable) mulch and bare ground cultivation for growth, yield, and quality of sweet corn cultivar Xtra Tender 2171. This field experiment was carried out in Mount Vernon, WA, which has a Mediterranean-type climate with an average air temperature of 16.1 °C during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experiment was drip irrigated; and in both years, preemergence herbicides were applied to the entire experimental area 1 to 2 days after seeding, and post-emergence herbicides were applied to alleys. While most mulches remained intact until the end of the growing season, Clear Organix AG started to split shortly after laying, resulting in significant weed pressure by midseason in both 2017 and 2018. Plant height toward the end of the season was lowest for plants grown on bare ground, intermediate for Clear Organix AG and WeedGuardPlus, and highest for the black plastic BDM and PE mulch treatments both years, except for Bio360 in 2018 where plant height was intermediate. Days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking were delayed 9 and 13 days, respectively, for bare ground and WeedGuardPlus compared with all other treatments in both years. Marketable ear yield was highest with the black plastic BDMs and PE mulch and lowest with bare ground, WeedGuardPlus, and Clear Organix AG treatments in both years. Total soluble solid content of kernels, and length and diameter of ears grown on the plastic BDM and PE mulch treatments were equal to or greater than, but never lower than, bare ground and WeedGuardPlus. These results indicate that growth, yield, and quality of sweet corn grown with black plastic BDMs are comparable to PE mulch, making black plastic BDMs an effective alternative to black PE mulch for sweet corn production in a Mediterranean-type climate.

Common pre- and post-harvest diseases of vegetable crops in Jamaica.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (057) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Benkeblia
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Abstract Vegetable production in Jamaica, and throughout the world, faces many diseases that affect the yield and the quality of the fresh harvest produce. However, some diseases are more predominant than others. The most observed diseases of vegetables are anthracnose, leaf spot, club root, downy mildew, gray mold, mosaic and geminiviruses, early blight, septoria leaf spot and leaf rusts. Nevertheless, other diseases can also be found seriously affecting the grown vegetable. Greenhouse cropping systems are also affected by similar and other diseases such as septoria leaf spot, early blight, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, late blight, bacterial spot, bacterial speck, bacterial canker, gray mold, leaf mold, powdery mildew and elephant's foot disease. Although not specific to the country, other diseases are also found more frequently than others, and the frequency varies with the region and the cropping system (indoor or outdoor).

scholarly journals Foliar Micro-nutrition of Vegetable Crops - A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zahedullah Zahed ◽  
Shamal S. Kumar ◽  
Ananta G. Mahale ◽  
J. Radha Krishna ◽  
Shahnaz Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Immense Potential

Foliar Micro-nutrition is the application of micronutrients to plants by spraying directly onto their leaves. Although it is not economical to spray macronutrients and micronutrients through foliar spraying, researchers prefer soil application for macronutrients and foliar applications of micronutrients. Several researches have demonstrated that the method which is used to deliver the required micronutrient in appropriate concentration to improve nutrient status along with increased yield and quality potential are adapted by combining applications of FeSO4 at a dose of 0.2%, Calcium nitrate at 0.2%, Boron at 0.1% and ZnSO4 at 0.2% has revealed a 51% increase as compared to control in potato. Application of ZnSO4 (0.4%) and ZnSO4 (0.6%) provides significant impact on growth and yield characteristic of Chilli; Zinc Sulfate (0.5%) and Borax (0.5%) also shows better result on the number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and yield per plant in Eggplant. Applying ZnSO4 (0.5%) shows better results on plant height, weight of head and yield of head in cabbage cultivations. Combined application of Boron (100 ppm) + Molybdenum (50 ppm) along with 60 kg/fed of Nitrogen. The results showed increased 38.02% on curd yield of cauliflower over control. A study reveals that application of (0.5%) Zn+ (0.1%) B along with 75 kg/ha of potassium in combination showed 31.73% increases yield of watermelon. Application of boron at 0.25% and zinc 0.5% showed a 31.17% increase in the total onion yield. The combined application of MgSO4 (0.5%), MnSO4 (0.5%), FeSO4 (0.5%) and ZnSO4 (0.5%) has increased yield of okra 31.8% over control. In general this critical review lays an emphasis from the review point of that micronutrients have been found to show satisfactory results than control conditions and has an immense potential in vegetable production to increase yield attributes.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Summer Cover Crops for Use in Vegetable Production Systems in North Carolina

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Creamer ◽  
Keith R. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summer cover crops can produce biomass, contribute nitrogen to cropping systems, increase soil organic matter, and suppress weeds. Through fixation of atmospheric N2 and uptake of soil residual N, they also contribute to the N requirement of subsequent vegetable crops. Six legumes {cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsutum L.), velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], and lablab (Lablab purpureus L.)}; two nonlegume broadleaved species [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]; and five grasses {sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench × S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], sudangrass [S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], Japanese millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br.], and German foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.)]}, were planted in raised beds alone or in mixtures in 1995 at Plymouth, and in 1996 at Goldsboro, N.C. Biomass production for the legumes ranged from 1420 (velvetbean) to 4807 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). Low velvetbean biomass was attributed to poor germination in this study. Nitrogen in the aboveground biomass for the legumes ranged from 32 (velvetbean) to 97 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). All of the legumes except velvetbean were competitive with weeds. Lablab did not suppress weeds as well as did cover crops producing higher biomass. Aboveground biomass for grasses varied from 3918 (Japanese millet) to 8792 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass). While N for the grasses ranged from 39 (Japanese millet) to 88 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass), the C: N ratios were very high. Additional N would be needed for fall-planted vegetable crops to overcome immobilization of N. All of the grass cover crops reduced weeds as relative to the weedy control plot. Species that performed well together as a mixture at both sites included Japanese millet/soybean and sorghum-sudangrass/cowpea.

scholarly journals Yields of Bell Pepper, Sweet Corn, and Peanut in Rotations

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Southern Plains ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Yields

Abiotic and biotic factors, and government farm policy, affect peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production especially in the Southern Plains of the United States. A coincident increase in vegetable production has led to interest in diversification of production on land that has historically supported peanut. A multi-year experiment was conducted from 1998 to 2001 to determine how rotating bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) with peanut affect yields of all three crops. In the first year, the site was planted to peanut, except for those areas of the field that would have monocultured bell pepper or sweet corn throughout the experiment. In following years, parts of the field that were planted with peanut were planted with either peanut, bell pepper, or sweet corn. Except for the monocultured crops, plots had 2 years of peanut and one year each of bell pepper or sweet corn in one of four rotations. Yields were determined and terminal market value was assigned to crops. Cumulative yields for monocultured bell pepper and sweet corn were 27.8 and 22.8 Mg·ha-1 after 4 years. The best yield of bell pepper or sweet corn in any rotation was 15.3 or 11.3 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Rotation did not affect peanuts, and cumulative yields for monocultured peanut were 8.39 Mg·ha-1 and averaged 2.13 Mg·ha-1 per year in rotations. Cumulative yields for all crops in rotations where vegetables were planted in the last 2 years averaged 21.5 Mg·ha-1 as opposed to 13.8 Mg·ha-1 when vegetables were planted in the middle 2 years of a 4-year rotation. Yields of all crops were modified by environmental conditions, and terminal market price affected crop value so that high yields were not always associated with high returns.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse and Black Polyethylene as Mulch for Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Paul M. White Jr ◽  
Douglas J. Spaunhorst ◽  
Eric C. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Black Plastic

Louisiana processed 11.7 million mt of sugarcane in 2016, producing 1.47 million mt of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million mt of bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse is the fibrous material remaining after removing the sucrose, water, and other impurities (filter mud) from the millable sugarcane. Typically, Louisiana sugarcane mills burn a portion of the bagasse to heat boilers to steam power the mill for grinding and sugar processing. The balance of the bagasse is stored at the sugar mill where it accumulates in immense piles. Research was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the use of sugarcane bagasse as a natural mulch for vegetable production. The field experiment compared sugarcane bagasse mulch, black plastic mulch, and no mulch (control) for suitable mulching treatments for squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) production. The black plastic mulch produced significantly greater marketable fruits/plant, fruit number, and total yield (kg/ha) across years compared to the sugarcane bagasse mulch. The sugarcane bagasse mulch and the no mulch control were not significantly different for these same parameters. Black plastic also produced heaver fruit (g/fruit) than the sugarcane bagasse mulch and the control in 2015. The black plastic mulch produced greater yields due to the greater cumulative growing degree days (CGDD) received compared to the sugarcane bagasse mulch and no mulch control. The sugarcane bagasse mulch tended to mitigate temperature extremes by serving as a soil insulator. Future research should investigate the potential deleterious impact, if any, of the sugarcane bagasse on soil microbes, C/N ratio, soil pH, and allelopathy, which might adversely influence cucurbit growth.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY APPLICATIONS OF DOMESTIC PUMPKIN ROOTSTOCKS FOR GRAFTING CUCUMBER IN PROTECTED GROUND

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (336) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
A. Zh. Shoibekova ◽  
S. K. Dzhantassov ◽  
A. O. Nussupova
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Growing Conditions

When growing herbaceous vegetable crops in the world practice, great importance is given to the use of grafting method. The development of environmentally safe methods to increase the yield and resistance of plants to adverse growing conditions is very relevant in vegetable production. One such method in pumpkin crops is grafting. The aim of our work was to study the effect of domestic pumpkin rootstock on growth, development and yield characteristics of cucumber hybrid using grafting method. Grafting on pumpkin species improved the growth and development of plants depending on the rootstock, compared with rootstock plants. The aim of our research was to study the influence of domestic pumpkin rootstock on the growth, development and yield characteristics of the cucumber hybrid (scion). As a scion, the variety (Asylum), recommended for cultivation in protected ground conditions, was used, which was grafted on five domestic rootstocks: 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), 2 (Karina), 3 (Aphrodite), 4 (Mindalnaya) and Russian selection 5 (Stofuntovaya) pumpkins from vegetable and melon crops. According to the generally accepted method, the graft was grafted (cucumber Asylum) on the rootstocks of pumpkin. Using a sample of pumpkin 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), flowering began on the fifth day earlier in comparison with non-grafted plants, and when grafting on a sample of pumpkin 4 (Aphrodite), the fruit ripened earlier by six days. To get the greatest increase in early productivity by 30%, it is possible to use both rootstocks. A significant increase in total yield was provided by samples of rootstocks 2 (Karina) – 3.9 kg/m2 and 3 (Stofuntovaya) - 8.0 kg/m2. The grafted cucumber plants with all the rootstocks used were superior to the root ones in height, in terms of the percentage of marketability of fruits and in terms of fruit weight. At the beginning of fruiting on grafted cucumber plants, the number of female flowers increased depending on the sample. In all grafted plants, the dry matter content in the fruit increased significantly. Because of our research, rootstocks 2 (Karina) and 3 (Stofuntovaya) were noted, which are recommended for use in further research breeding work and the production of grafted plants.

scholarly journals How Can You Reduce Flooding Damage to Vegetable Crops?

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Renuka Rao ◽  
Stewart Reed
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Synthetic Hormones

Several management practices have been reported to help crops partially or entirely overcome flood damage. For example, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers overcomes N deficiency, while natural or synthetic hormones are used to correct hormone imbalances, and the addition of fungicides help control soil-borne pathogens. We recently conducted a flooding experiment with bush bean, cowpea, and sweet corn. This article recommends some practices to alleviate flooding damage of vegetables. This document is SL 206, one of a series of the Soil and Water Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication Date: August 2003.  SL 206/SS425: Practices to Minimize Flooding Damage to Commercial Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Broadcast versus Band Fertilizer Applications on Vegetable Crops

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Parish ◽  
R.P. Bracy ◽  
H.F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Versus Band

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of banding or broadcasting fertilizer on yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group), sweetcorn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Preplant fertilizer was applied broadcast before bedding, broadcast after bedding, or banded after bedding. Sidedress applications were broadcast or banded on the beds. Differences in plant size and vigor were noticed early in the season in the spring turnip crop, with the growth in the broadcast-and-bed treatment appearing superior. The yield at first harvest and total yield were lower for turnip grown with the bed-and-broadcast treatment. No differences in yield of cabbage or sweetcorn resulted from the treatments. Few differences in turnip stem-to-leaf ratio were noted due to fertilizer treatment. Few differences in yield due to sidedress method were noted with any of the crops. Analysis of soil samples in a grid pattern across the beds showed that the location of the fertilizer after the broadcast-and-bed treatment was similar to the placement of the banded fertilizer. Since broadcasting can be done with a faster, wider applicator, growers could reduce costs by broadcasting fertilizer and obtain yields that are at least equivalent to the yields obtained by banding the fertilizer.

scholarly journals Broadcast vs. Band Applications of Fertilizer for Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599D-599
Author(s):  
Richard L. Parish ◽  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Hershel F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of banding or broadcasting fertilizer on yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group), sweetcorn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Preplant fertilizer was applied broadcast prior to bedding, broadcast after bedding, or banded after bedding. Sidedress applications were broadcast or banded on the beds. Strong visual differences were noticed early in the season in the spring turnip crop with the growth in the broadcast-then-bed treatment appearing superior. The yield at first harvest and total yield were lower for turnip growth with the bed-and-broadcast treatments. No differences in yield of cabbage and sweetcorn resulted from the treatments. Few differences in turnip stem to leaf ratio were noted due to fertilizer treatment. Few differences in yield due to sidedress method were noted with any of the crops. Since broadcasting can be done with a faster, wider applicator, growers could reduce costs by broadcasting fertilizer and obtain yields that are at least equivalent to the yields from banding.

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