scholarly journals Impact of Cross- and Self-pollination on Fruit Set, Fruit Size, Seed Number, and Harvest Timing Among 13 Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Taber ◽  
James W. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Southern Highbush

Cross-pollination has been associated with improved fruit set, weight, and shortened time to ripening in southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)]. Because of this, growers commonly plant two or more cultivars in small blocks to facilitate cross-pollination. However, many SHB cultivars may vary in the degree of improvement in each parameter after cross-pollination. Understanding the impacts of cross-pollination on a particular cultivar is crucial to forming planting recommendations, particularly as growers begin to transition to fields designed for machine harvest where large solid blocks would increase the harvest efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cross- and self-pollination among 13 commonly planted or newly released SHB cultivars. Cross-pollination typically improved fruit set, fruit weight, and seed number while decreasing the average days to harvest. Cross-pollinated fruit always weighed more than self-pollinated fruit from the same cultivar, which was highly correlated to seed number per fruit. Although there was variation for each trait, interplanting with another unrelated cultivar sharing a similar bloom time remains the best recommendation to ensure early, high yield among these SHB cultivars.

scholarly journals Self- and Cross-fertility in Recently Released Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Ehlenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cross Pollination

Self- and cross-fertility were evaluated in the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars Bluegold, Duke, Legacy, Nelson, Sierra, Sunrise, and Toro, all of which have been released since 1985, by comparing them with `Bluecrop' and `Rubel', which were used as standards. Cross-pollination increased fruit set in all cultivars except `Bluecrop', in which set was reduced 13%. The average increase among recently released cultivars was 43%. Cross-pollination also increased fruit weight for all cultivars except `Rubel'. Average increase in fruit weight with cross-pollination of the recently released cultivars was 27%. Fruit set and fruit weight measurements suggest that `Duke', `Legacy', and `Nelson' would perform satisfactorily in solid stands, and that `Sierra' and `Toro' probably need cross-pollination for maximum yields.

scholarly journals Effects of CPPU on Fruit Size, Set, and Yield of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 793A-793
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson* ◽  
E. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Southern Highbush

Poor fruit set and sub-optimum berry size are potential yield- and profit-limiting factors for southern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) blueberry production in Florida. The cytokinin N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) has increased fruit size and fruit set of a number of fruit crops including rabbiteye blueberry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CPPU applied at different rates and phenological stages of bloom and/or fruit development on fruit size, set, and yield of southern highbush blueberry. `Millennia' and `Star' southern highbush blueberry plants located on a commercial blueberry farm in Alachua County, Fla., were treated with 5 or 10 ppm CPPU at various stages of development ranging from full bloom to 20 days after full bloom. In contrast to findings with rabbiteye blueberry, fruit set in this study of southern highbush blueberry was not affected by any of the CPPU treatments when compared to the controls. Nor was total fruit yield affected by CPPU treatments. The most noticeable potential benefit found in this study was an increase in mean fruit fresh weight from CPPU treatments. However, cultivars responded differently to CPPU with respect to mean fruit fresh weight. For `Millennia', only one CPPU treatment increased mean fruit weight compared to controls. However, for `Star', all but one CPPU treatment increased mean fruit fresh weight. Several CPPU treatments resulted in delayed fruit ripening for `Star' but not for `Millennia'. For `Star', the treatments that most consistently delayed fruit ripening tended to have greater fruit fresh weights.

scholarly journals 530 Fruitfulness of Evergreen vs. Deciduous Southern Highbush Blueberry after Cross-, Self-, and No Pollination

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 537B-537
Author(s):  
Ingrith D. Martinez ◽  
P.M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Southern Highbush

Fruit set, fruit size, and seed production after hand pollination in a greenhouse were compared for southern highbush blueberry managed in two ways: a) 69 clones were allowed to go dormant and lose their leaves in the field before being dug and subjected to 1000 hours at 5 °C and b) 26 clones were kept growing in a greenhouse through fall and winter without leaf loss and without chilling, to induce flowering on plants that had mature leaves. On each plant in both management systems, some flowers were self-pollinated, some were cross-pollinated, and others had the styles removed before anthesis to prevent pollination. For >1000 flowers per pollination treatment on the deciduous plants, fruit set averaged 1% for no pollination, 46% for self-pollination, and 76% for cross-pollination. The corresponding values for the evergreen plants were 23%, 59%, and 81%. Parthenocarpic berries averaged 0.37 g/berry for deciduous plants and 1.01 g for evergreen plants. Both crossed and selfed berry weights averaged slightly higher for the evergreen plants than for the deciduous plants, but seed number per berry was much lower for the evergreen plants (12 seeds in crossed berries and four seeds in selfed berries) compared to deciduous plants (37 and 8). Southern highbush blueberry plants that flower without going dormant appear to have much higher parthenocarpic capabilities than those that flower after a dormant period.

scholarly journals Honey-bee-mediated Cross- versus Self-pollination of `Sharpblue' Blueberry Increases Fruit Size and Hastens Ripening

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Robert G. Danka
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Early Market

To study self- and cross-pollination effects on fruit development in southern highbush (mainly Vaccinium corymbosum L.) blueberries, `Sharpblue' plants were caged with honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and other `Sharpblue' or `Gulfcoast' plants at anthesis. Ratios of pollinizer: fruiting flowers ranged from 2.1 to 4.5. Cross-pollination increased fruit size by ≈14% and seed count by 27% but did not influence fruit set. Overall, seed count decreased by 58% during the 30 days of harvest, but this did not directly affect fruit size. Seed count appeared to influence earliness of ripening as much as it influenced fruit size. Cross-pollination increased the harvest percentage of early-ripening fruits by ≈140% and of premium market fruits (those ≥ 0.75 g) by 13% and decreased the percentage of small fruits by 66%. Consequently, a 43% increase in premium early market crop value (nearly $5000/ha) resulted from optimizing `Sharpblue' cross-pollination.

scholarly journals Pollen Sources Influence Early Fruit Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Huang ◽  
C.E. Johnson ◽  
G.A. Lang ◽  
M.D. Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ovule Abortion ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Southern Highbush

Ovule abortion occurred between 5 and 10 days after pollination (DAP) in self- and cross-pollinated `Sharpblue' blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit. More ovule abortion occurred with self-pollination (35%) than with cross-pollination (22% for `Sharpblue' × `O'Neal' and 29% for `Sharpblue' × `Gulfcoast'), and there were more poorly developed ovules with self-pollination (88.1%) than with cross-pollination (× `O'Neal', 33.6%; × `Gulfcoast' 50.8%). The increase in ovule area correlated exponentially with fruit growth during early developmental stages, regardless of pollination treatment. However, cross-pollination resulted in significantly greater ovule area and fruit mass during early fruit development as well as at ripening. Ovule area was maximum at 25 to 30 DAP for both pollination treatments, followed by exponential fruit growth (stage III). Cross-pollination resulted in greater fruit growth and a shorter stage III. At 10 DAP, ovules from cross-pollination were larger than those from self-pollination, suggesting that cross-pollination initiated ovule growth immediately after fertilization. This research suggests that southern highbush blueberry fruit growth and development is intimately associated with ovule growth and development, which is affected by pollen sources.

scholarly journals Time of flowering and fertilisation of quince varieties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contradictory Data

Literature dealing with flowering and fertilisation of quince is scarce. Most controversial and scanty are informations on observations of self- and cross-pollination. According to our observations, differences in blooming time are few (2-3) days only, thus flowering of most varieties is synchronous. The varieties observed are grouped as early, intermediate and late flowering ones. Self fertility of the individual varieties, however, was not assessed unequivocally, therefore it is recommended, by safety reasons, to consider quince actually as a whole to be auto-incompatible. Artificial self-pollination (or rather geitonogamy) as well as cross pollination with other varieties increased substantially fruit set if compared with the results of natural self-pollination (autogamy). According to the fruit set of their open pollinated flowers, varieties have been classified according to fertility as low (below 10 %), medium (between 10 and 20 %) and high (more than 20 %). Cross fertility of varieties is highly variable depending on combination and on season. Contradictory data are probably due to the sensitivity of quince to conditions of search. Better fruit set was coincident with higher number of stout seeds per fruit. Well developed seeds are definitely a prerequisite of larger fruit size.  

Effect of blossom thinning on fruit density, fruit size and seed count of Williams' Bon Chretien and Packham's Triumph pears

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Selimi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Bud Removal

Effects on fruit density, fruit size, and fruit fertilization (seed count) of several degrees of fruit bud removal three to four weeks before bloom, was studied on Williams Bon Chretien and Packham's Triumph pears. The effects were studied in the presence or absence of cross pollination. Fruit set increased with increasing severity of blossom bud removal, indicating that poor setting was not due to faulty flowers. This was also confirmed by hand pollination of the clusters on unthinned limbs, where fruit set was much higher than on unthinned unpollinated limbs. Fruit density in Packham's was not reduced even by 80 per cent of fruit bud removal, and in Williams' fruit density was significantly reduced at 60 or 40 per cent of fruit bud removal, in a heavy or intermediate flowering years, respectively, whereas in a poor flowering year, fruit density was not significantly reduced even by 80 per cent of bud removal. Heavy thinning resulted in increased fruit size in Williams' but not in Packham's pears. Hand poIlination or bouquets increased seed number and fruit size greatly in \Villiams7 and increased seed number but not fruit size in Packham's.

FLOWERING AND POLLINATION REQUIREMENTS IN CEREUS PERUVIANUS CULTIVATED IN ISRAEL

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weiss ◽  
A. Nerd ◽  
Y. Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Beer Sheva ◽  
Carpenter Bee ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Very High ◽  
Xylocopa Pubescens

The flowering and pollination requirements of Cereus peruvianus (L) Mill. (Cactaceae) were investigated in Beer Sheva, Israel, in a three-year-old plantation which had been established from seedlings, in order to domesticate this plant as a fruit crop. Plants flowered during the hot season (May-October), and flowers opened for one night only. Variations were observed in the flowers' opening time, with the early-opening plants beginning to open two hours before sunset, and the late-opening plants opening close to sunset. Flowers were visited only by day-active insects: the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the carpenter bee (Xylocopa pubescens). The visitors' behavior indicated that they were involved in pollination. Early-opening flowers were visited both in the evening and in the morning, whereas late-openers were visited only in the morning. C. peruvianus was found to be self-incompatible, and fruit set did not occur when flowers were hand self-pollinated. Hand cross-pollination resulted in very high fruit set (92%) and heavy fruits with a high seed number. Fruit set, seed number, and fruit weight were lower in open-pollination than in hand cross-pollination. This indicates limited pollination or fertilization in open- pollination and might be related to the briefness of the bee visits, reduced pollen germinability, and stigma receptivity during part of the visit period.

scholarly journals Effective Pollination Period of Actinidia chinensis ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and A. deliciosa ‘AU Fitzgerald’ Kiwifruit

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Brantley ◽  
James D. Spiers ◽  
Andrew B. Thompson ◽  
James A. Pitts ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Female Flowers

Commercial kiwifruit production often requires substantial inputs for successful pollination. Determining the length of time that female flowers can be successfully pollinated can aid management decisions concerning pollination enhancement. The purpose of this research was to determine the effective pollination period (EPP) for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and ‘AU Fitzgerald’. Either 30 (2013) or 32 (2014, 2015) flowers of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ were hand pollinated each day for 1 to 5 (2013) days after anthesis (DAA) or 1 to 7 DAA (2014, 2015), and then isolated to prevent open pollination. Anthesis was considered the day the flower opened. Similarly, ‘AU Fitzgerald’ flowers were pollinated and then isolated 1 to 6 DAA in 2013 and 1 to 7 DAA in 2015. For ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ in 2013, fruit set was consistent over the 5-day period, but fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreased between 1 and 3 and 4 and 5 DAA. In 2014, fruit set decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number each decreased in a linear trend. In 2015, fruit set also decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas all other responses decreased linearly. Based on fruit set in 2014 and 2015, the EPP for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ was 6 DAA. The EPP for ‘AU Fitzgerald’, however, was more variable. In 2013, fruit weight, fruit size index and seed number decreased between 1 and 4 and 5 and 6 DAA, suggesting that the EPP was 4 DAA. In 2015, fruit set remained consistent over the 7-day period with fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreasing linearly. Differences in temperature and the alternate bearing tendency of kiwifruit species likely contributed to the discrepancies between the years for the EPP. For each cultivar, reductions in fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed before an observed decrease in fruit set. Greater fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed when flowers were pollinated within the first few DAA, with results varying thereafter.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Density Affects Vegetative and Fruit Development in Field-grown Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Maust ◽  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Southern Highbush

Floral budbreak and fruit set in many southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars (hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum L. with other species of Vaccinium) begin prior to vegetative budbreak. Experiments were conducted with two SHB cultivars, `Misty' and `Sharpblue', to test the hypothesis that initial flower bud density (flower buds/m cane length) affects vegetative budbreak and shoot development, which in turn affect fruit development. Flower bud density of field-grown plants was adjusted in two nonconsecutive years by removing none, one-third, or two-thirds of the flower buds during dormancy. Vegetative budbreak, new shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area: fruit ratios decreased with increasing flower bud density in both cultivars. Average fruit fresh weight and fruit soluble solids decreased in both cultivars, and fruit ripening was delayed in `Misty' as leaf area: fruit ratios decreased. This study indicates that because of the inverse relationship between flower bud density and canopy establishment, decreasing the density of flower buds in SHB will increase fruit size and quality and hasten ripening.

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