scholarly journals Foliar Application of Dikegulac Sodium Increases Branching of ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ Bigleaf Hydrangea

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Youping Sun ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Christina Perez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Interveinal Chlorosis ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Number Of Branches

The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of foliar application of dikegulac sodium on increasing the lateral branching of ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla). Plants were grown in greenhouses at two locations including El Paso, TX and Kosciusko, MS. Two weeks before application of dikegulac sodium, half of plants were hand-pinched leaving two nodes. Foliar spray of dikegulac sodium at 400, 800, or 1600 mg·L−1 was then applied to pinched and unpinched plants. There were two additional control treatments: pinched or unpinched without application of dikegulac sodium. Data were collected at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 80 days, and 10 months after treatments. Bigleaf hydrangea plants exhibited severe phytotoxicity including interveinal chlorosis or bleaching of new growth at 2 weeks after application of dikegulac sodium with more pronounced symptoms at higher dikegulac sodium concentrations. The severity of phytotoxicity symptoms became less significant at 6 weeks after treatment. The effect of dikegulac sodium on bigleaf hydrangea plant growth, number of branches, and number of flowers depended on both locations and dosages. In El Paso, TX, dikegulac sodium at 800 or 1600 mg·L−1 inhibited bigleaf hydrangea plant growth at 6 weeks and 80 days after treatment, and this effect disappeared at 10 months after treatment. Dikegulac sodium at all tested dosages doubled or tripled the number of branches of pinched or unpinched bigleaf hydrangea, respectively, at 80 days after treatment. At 10 months after treatment, the number of branches and flowers of bigleaf hydrangea plants tended to increase, but was insignificant. In Kosciusko, MS, dikegulac sodium at 1600 mg·L−1 reduced the plant growth at 6 weeks after treatment. This treatment increased the number of branches and flowers of unpinched plants by 196% and 95% and pinched plants by 53% and 31%, respectively, at 10 months after treatment. Dikegulac sodium application could be used to increase number of branches and flowers and produce compact ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ bigleaf hydrangea. However, the efficacy varied with environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Relief Role of Lysine Chelated Zinc (Zn) on 6-Week-Old Maize Plants under Tannery Wastewater Irrigation Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad ◽  
Wajid Ishaque ◽  
Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Atif Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Maize Plants

Tannery wastewater mainly comes from leather industries. It has high organic load, high salinity, and many other pollutants, including chromium (Cr). Tannery wastewater is generally used for crop irrigation in some areas of Pakistan and worldwide, due to the low availability of good quality of irrigation water. As tannery wastewater has many nutrients in it, its lower concentration benefits the plant growth, but at a higher concentration, it damages the plants. Chromium in tannery wastewater accumulates in plants, and causes stress at physiological and biochemical levels. In recent times, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelated compounds has been found to be helpful in reducing abiotic stress in plants. In our present study, we used lysine chelated zinc (Zn-lys) as foliar application on maize (Zea mays L.), growing in different concentrations of tannery wastewater. Zinc (Zn) is required by plants for growth, and lysine is an essential amino acid. Maize plants were grown in tannery wastewater in four concentrations (0, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and Zn-lys was applied as a foliar spray in three concentrations (0 mM, 12.5 mM, and 25 mM) during plant growth. Plants were cautiously harvested right after 6 weeks of treatment. Foliar spray of Zn-lys on maize increased the biomass and improved the plant growth. Photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and contents of carotenoids also increased with Zn-lys application. In contrast to control plants, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were increased up to 12%, 50%, and 68% in leaves, as well as 16%, 51% and 89% in roots at 25%, 50%, and 100% tannery water application, respectively, without Zn-lys treatments. Zn-lys significantly reduced the damages caused by oxidative stress in maize plant by decreasing the overproduction of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize that were produced, due to the application of high amount of tannery wastewater alone. The total free amino acids and soluble protein decreased by 10%, 31% and 64% and 18%, 61% and 122% at 25%, 50% and 100% tannery water treatment. Zn-lys application increased the amino acids production and antioxidant activities in maize plants. Zn contents increased, and Cr contents decreased, in different parts of plants with Zn-lys application. Overall, a high concentration of tannery wastewater adversely affected the plant growth, but the supplementation of Zn-lys assertively affected the plant growth and enhanced the nutritional quality, by enhancing Zn and decreasing Cr levels in plants simultaneously irrigated with tannery wastewater.

scholarly journals Investigation of some morphological traits in studied lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes grown with foliar application of nanosized ferric oxide / Badania nad niektórymi cechami morfologicznymi wybranych genotypów soczewicy (Lens culinaris Medik.) hodowanych w obecności nanocząstek tlenku żelaza

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Number Of Branches

AbstractInterest in growing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is increasing due to its potential returns relative to other legume crops in semi-arid areas. An experiment was conducted to examine the important traits on lentil under application of nano-fertilizer by using eight genotypes with application of the biplot technique in visualizing research data. Nano-iron oxide (2 g L-1) was utilized as foliar spray during vegetative and reproductive stages. The study revealed that genotype by trait (GT) biplot can graphically display the interrelationships among traits and facilitate visual comparison of genotypes. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 76% of the total variation. The polygon view of GT biplot suggested four sections for the lentil genotypes as well as traits. The vertex genotypes G1 had plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grains weight and grain yield traits. The most prominent relation were: a strong positive association among biological yield, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grains yield and plant height as indicated by the small obtuse angles between their vectors. The traits’ relationship in the semi-arid was highly variable, and grain yield improvement can be achieved by selecting for number of pods per plant, 100-grains weight. We suggest that the GT biplot be used jointly to better understand and more fully explore interaction pattern data.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Y-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Improves Vegetative Growth, and the Physiological and Antioxidative Potential of Daucus Carota L. under Water Deficit Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohina Bashir ◽  
Hafiza Naila Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Nusrat Parveen ◽  
Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants

Scarcity of water is one of the most serious concerns in plant biology with diverse implications at all the levels of molecular, biochemical, and physiological phenomena of plant growth, development, and consequently the productivity. Most of the strategies to induce or enhance drought tolerance in plants are unreasonably expensive and/or time-consuming. Some studies conducted in the recent past have shown that plant growth regulators (PGRs) may induce/improve physiological tolerance in plants to cope with adverse environmental conditions including drought. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of foliar spray of GABA (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM) applied 20 days following the germination of seeds, on vegetative growth, morphological characteristics, integrity of cell-membrane, and the levels of photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic antioxidants in carrot cvs. Supertaj and Bharat, grown under 100% and 50% field capacity of soil moisture. The treated and untreated (control) carrot plants were harvested and analyzed 2 weeks following the GABA application. The results revealed that foliar application of GABA improved the vegetative growth and significantly increased the levels of free amino acids, plastid pigments, enzymatic antioxidants, and the relative water content in the root crop grown under 50% field capacity of soil moisture, compared to control. Additionally, the GABA application decreased the electrolyte leakage of ions and melondialdehyde (MDA) content in carrot leaves. The carrots harvested from GABA-treated or untreated (control) plants were not significantly different for their protein contents. In conclusion, the incorporation of GABA in the production management of carrots may help plants to mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Gibberellin and cytokinin effects on soybean growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Maximino Leite ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Joint Application

Soybean is an important crop in Brazil. Nonetheless, there are no reports on the use of plant growth regulator potential in relation to this crop in the national literature. To better understand the role of these compounds, a pot experiment was carried out to study effects of GA3 and cytokinin on the vegetative growth of the soybean. GA3 (50 mg L-1) was applied as seed treatment, leaving plants with water application as control. GA3 (100 mg L-1) and cytokinin (30 mg L-1) were sprayed on leaves at the physiological stage V3/V4, and 15 days after, cytokinin (30 mg L-1), also as foliar spray. Seed treatment decreased plant emergence and initial soybean root growth, but as the season progressed, differences in root growth disappeared; plants were shorter, and presented a decrease in the number of nodes, in stem diameter, in leaf area and in dry matter yield. Conversely, foliar application of GA3 led to an increase in plant height, first node height and stem diameter. Leaf area and dry matter production also increased as a result of GA3 foliar application. There was no effect of exogenous gibberellin and cytokinin on the number of soybean leaves, number of stem branches and root dry matter. Joint application of gibberellin and cytokinin tended to inhibit gibberellin effects. Cytokinin applied to leaves during soybean vegetative growth was not effective in modifying any of the evaluated plant growth variables.

scholarly journals Effect of Pgrs and Nutrients on Growth, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Soluble Protein, Proline Content and Yield in Bhendi Hybrid Under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Vishnuveni Murugan ◽  
Sivakumar Rathinavelu ◽  
Nandhitha Krishnadevaraj ◽  
Chandrasekaran Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Saline Condition

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of PGRs { gibberellic acid (10 ppm), brassinolide (0.5 ppm), salicylic acid (100 ppm), ascorbic acid (100 ppm), benzyl amino purine (5 ppm)} and nutrients { K2SO4 (0.5%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) + Borax (0.3%) mixture and 19:19:19 (1%) mixture} on growth, NR enzyme activity, proline, soluble protein content and yield of bhendi hybrid (COBh H 1) under saline condition. The treatments were given at 25 and 45 DAS as foliar spray. The results showed that, nitrate reductase activity, soluble protein and plant growth were reduced under saline condition where as proline content was increased compared to absolute control. Foliar application of PGRs and nutrients enhanced the NR activity, proline, soluble protein and plant growth under saline condition. Among the PGRs and nutrients, foliar application of salicylic acid (100 ppm) and brassinolide (0.5 ppm) showed the better performance to mitigate the effect of salinity.

scholarly journals Impact of Augeo, Configure and Florel on Hydrangea Branching

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
K.A. Hester ◽  
G. Bi ◽  
M.A. Czarnota ◽  
A. Fulcher ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Growth Regulator Treatment

Hydrangeas are an increasingly popular group of shrubs which are prized for their showy inflorescence. Nursery crop producers grow numerous hydrangea varieties for the landscape and florist markets. Hydrangeas are typically hand-pruned during propagation and production to promote compaction and to increase the number of branches which has potential for increasing blooms and marketability. Identifying a plant growth regulator (PGR) treatment that effectively improves the architecture of hydrangeas became an IR-4 Project research priority for 2011. Research evaluating Augeo (dikegulac sodium), Configure (benzyladenine) and Florel (ethephon) shows worthwhile results. Augeo (800 and 1600 ppm) significantly increased branching compared to untreated pots of florist varieties Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Merritt's Supreme’ and landscape varieties H. macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’ and H. paniculata ‘Limelight’. Configure (300 ppm and 600 ppm) and Florel (500 and 1000 ppm) did not significantly improve branching in five of six trials compared to the control. Significant chlorosis on Augeo treated plants was observed initially but this diminished by 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) for four out of six trials. Little to no crop injury was observed with Configure or Florel treatments to hydrangea liners. This research shows promise for identifying a plant growth regulator treatment to meet the demand for improved branching on hydrangea.

scholarly journals Responses of different quality parameters of Chia to arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Ahmed Ashour ◽  
Sanaa E.A. Esmail ◽  
Asmaa El- Attar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nutritional Values

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and foliar spray of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their interaction on vegetative growth, seed yield and yield attributes and some biochemical criteria of chia (Salvia hispanica L.), in a split plot design with three replications. Plants grown in absence or presence of AMF were sprayed every 2 weeks with benzyl adenine (BA), CPPU [N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N’-phenylurea], common name forchlorfenuron, and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 50, 20 and 50 ppm respectively, while control plants were sprayed with tap water. The results revealed that, inoculation with AMF generally caused significant augmentation in all studied growth, yield and yield attributes, total chlorophylls and carbohydrates content in leaves, augmentation in nutritional values of seeds like carbohydrates %, macronutrient, micronutrients, proteins %, total flavonoids, oil % compared to non-inoculated plants. In absence or presence of AMF, application of PGRs generally caused significant increases in the studied parameters compared to control. The interaction between NAA and AMF was more effective since gave higher increases in the studied parameters. It can be concluded that, cultivation of chia plant in presence of mycorrhiza with foliar application of NAA at 50 ppm is recommended for enhancing growth, and nutritional values of seed yield.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of liquid organic and inorganic fertilizers along with NAAon cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2020 ◽  
pp. 454-456
Author(s):  
MEYYAPPAN M
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is popularly known as lobia in India, now cultivated throughout the tropics and sub-tropics and used as pulse, green vegetable, fodder, green manure and its productivity is 683 kg ha -1.Vermiwash is a liquid leachate that is collected after the passage of water through the column of worm action. It is a collection of excretory products and mucous secretion of earthworms along with micronutrients from the soil organic molecules. This bio-liquid is rich in nutrients, microorganisms, enzymes, vitamins and plant growth hormones which increase the resistant power of crops against various diseases and enhances the productivity of crops.. The nutrients present in vermiwash are in water-soluble form and meet the immediate requirements of crop plants. Further, it contains nitrogen fixing and nutrient solubilizing bacteria. Generally, foliar spray of vermiwash of vermicomposting supplies nutrients to higher plants more rapidly than soil and root application methods. Vermiwash spray persists on leaf surface and resulted in leaf thickness, increase in photosynthetic activity, internode growth, improved plant physiology and finally increased the yield (Selladuraiet al., 2009). Humic acid is a commercial product containing many elements which improve the growth and yield of cowpea. The fermented organic liquid fertilizer panchagavya contains nutrients, plant growth regulators and microorganisms which help in plant growth, yield, metabolic activities and gives resistant to pest and diseases. The commercial seaweed extract contains major and minor nutrients, amino acids, vitamins and other growth promoting substances. DAP is a complex fertilizer containing 18 % nitrogen and 46 % phosphorus. The Naphthalene acidic acid is a auxin and very effective in promoting growth and yield of pulses. It may be concluded from the results that the foliar application of 2 % DAP along with 40 ppm NAA is recommended to cowpea to enhance the yield and to obtain higher returns.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Plant Growth Regulators Affect Stem Elongation and Branching of 11 Kalanchoe Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
John E. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Number Of Branches

Our objectives were to assess the efficacy of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) on stem elongation and branching of 11 kalanchoe (Kalanchoe) species with ornamental characteristics: beauvard’s widow’s-thrill (K. beauvardii), K. glaucescens, lavender scallops or red-leaved kalanchoe (K. fedtschenkoi), K. longiflora, chandelier plant (K. manginii), marnier’s kalanchoe (K. marnieriana), K. millotii, flower dust plant (K. pumila), K. rosei, common kalanchoe or nentabos (K. rotundifolia), and K. streptantha. Foliar spray applications of deionized water, ancymidol (15−60 ppm), benzyladenine (75−300 ppm), chlormequat chloride (750−3000 ppm), daminozide (1250−5000 ppm), ethephon (250−1000 ppm), paclobutrazol (10−40 ppm), or uniconazole (5−20 ppm) were applied 2 weeks after plants were pinched. Stem length at the time of application and 4 weeks after applications and branch number were recorded. While effective chemicals and concentrations varied widely among species, paclobutrazol and uniconazole were identified as providing broad efficacy with respect to inhibition of stem elongation across all 11 species in this study. Additionally, benzyladenine and ethephon increased the number of branches for several species.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Chitosan Increases Tomato Growth and Influences Mycorrhization and Expression of Endochitinase-Encoding Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El Amerany ◽  
Abdelilah Meddich ◽  
Said Wahbi ◽  
Andrea Porzel ◽  
Moha Taourirte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Root Treatment

Nowadays, applying bio-organic fertilizer (e.g., chitosan, Ch) or integrating beneficial microorganisms (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) are among the successful strategies to promote plant growth. Here, the effect of two application modes of Ch (foliar spray or root treatment) and Ch-derived nanoparticles (NPs) on tomato plants colonized with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis were analyzed, thereby focusing on plant biomass, flowering and mycorrhization. An increase of shoot biomass and flower number was observed in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants sprayed with Ch. The interaction with AMF, however, was reduced as shown by decreased mycorrhization rates and AM-specific gene expression. To get insights into Ch effect on mycorrhization, levels of sugars, jasmonates, abscisic acid, and the expression of two chitinase-encoding genes were determined in mycorrhizal roots. Ch had no effect on sugar and phytohormone levels, but the reduced mycorrhization was correlated with down- and upregulated expression of Chi3 and Chi9, respectively. In contrast, application of NPs to leaves and Ch applied to the soil did not show any effect, neither on mycorrhization rate nor on growth of mycorrhizal plants. Concluding, Ch application to leaves enhanced plant growth and flowering and reduced interaction with AMF, whereas root treatment did not affect these parameters.

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