scholarly journals Feasibility of Using Biocontainers in a Pot-in-pot System for Nursery Production of River Birch

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Susmitha S. Nambuthiri ◽  
Robert L. Geneve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Plastic Containers

The performance of biocontainers as sustainable alternatives to the traditional petroleum-based plastic containers has been researched in recent years due to increasing environmental concern generated by widespread plastic disposal from green industry. However, research has been mainly focused on using biocontainers in short-term greenhouse production of bedding plants, with limited research investigating the use of biocontainers in long-term nursery production of woody crops. This project investigated the feasibility of using biocontainers in a pot-in-pot (PIP) nursery production system. Two paper (also referred as wood pulp) biocontainers were evaluated in comparison with a plastic container in a PIP system for 2 years at four locations (Holt, MI; Lexington, KY; Crystal Springs, MS; El Paso, TX). One-year-old river birch (Betula nigra) liners were used in this study. Results showed that biocontainers stayed intact at the end of the first growing season, but were penetrated to different degrees after the second growing season depending on the vigor of root growth at a given location and pot type. Plants showed different growth rates at different locations. However, at a given location, there were no differences in plant growth index (PGI) or plant biomass among plants grown in different container types. Daily water use (DWU) was not influenced by container type. Results suggest that both biocontainers tested have the potential to be alternatives to plastic containers for short-term (1 year) birch production in the PIP system. However, they may not be suitable for long-term (more than 1 year) PIP production due to root penetration at the end of the second growing season.

The short- and long-term inhibitory effects of Fe (II) on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) process

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherh Yih Mak ◽  
Jih Gaw Lin ◽  
Wen Hsing Chen ◽  
Choon Aun Ng ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract The application of the anammox process has great potential in treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. The presence of Fe (II) is expected to affect the growth and activity of anammox bacteria. Short-term (acute) and long-term effects (chronic) of Fe (II) on anammox activity were investigated. In the short-term study, results demonstrated that the optimum concentration of Fe (II) that could be added to anammox is 0.08 mM, at which specific anammox activity (SAA) improved by 60% compared to the control assay, 0.00 mM. The inhibition concentration, IC50, of Fe (II) was found to be 0.192 mM. Kinetics of anammox specific growth rate were estimated based on results of the batch test and evaluated with Han-Levenspiel's substrate inhibition kinetics model. The optimum concentration and IC50 of Fe (II) predicted by the Han-Levenspiel model was similar to the batch test, with values of 0.07 mM and 0.20 mM, respectively. The long-term effect of Fe (II) on the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was evaluated. Results showed that an appropriate Fe (II) addition enhanced anammox activity, achieving 85% NH4+-N and 96% NO2−-N removal efficiency when 0.08 mM of Fe (II) was added. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to detect and identify the anammox bacteria.

Metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Robert A Wild
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Many ◽  
Pco Syndrome

Metabolic abnormalities in patients with PCO syndrome demand that we change our clinical approach to PCO syndrome. No longer should the approach be short-term and driven by symptoms, rather it must recognize that PCO syndrome is a chronic disorder. Associated metabolic abnormalities may have long-term sequelae and their recognition influences not only how we evaluate patients, but also how we implement prevention. Observational, interventional, epidemiological and now mechanistic studies need to focus on interactive issues. Outcome study results are awaited to determine the likelihood of sequelae and to optimize preventive strategies. The PCO paradigm is a complex biological experiment on nature that offers a superb opportunity to begin to understand the many ways in which hormones affect atherogenesis. It is important to understand the clinical syndromes encompassed in this paradigm. Atherogenic consequences are still responsible for the majority of deaths in the industrialized world!

An analysis of climatic environments for plant-breeding purposes

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJR Boyd ◽  
NA Goodchild ◽  
WK Waterhouse ◽  
BB Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Highly Correlated

Variations in the regional means of a number of growing-season climatic variables, and combinations of them, are not highly correlated with the long-term regional distribution of mean wheat yields in Western Australia or with their variation between years. The data suggest that the growing season is characterized by a cyclical alternation of favourable and unfavourable conditions for crop growth. This oscillating pattern varies in amplitude and wavelength as a result of unpredictable 'between'- and 'within'-season variation in the regional distribution of rainfall. In the central zone of the study area, wheat production is subject mainly to between-season variation whilst in more marginal areas yield variation is confounded by opposing and reciprocating within-season effects. The consequences for plant breeding are that specific regional environments expected on the basis of climate do not occur predictably in the short term. It is argued that breeding objectives, selection strategies and regional testing should initially avoid complications associated with specific marginal environments by concentrating on general adaptability within the central zone, which monitors between-season variation only. Subsequent evaluation for additional adaptive features specific to marginal areas should be undertaken.

scholarly journals The Factors Affecting Islamic Financing for Homeownership

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Neva Sunba Dena ◽  
◽  
Suhel Suhel ◽  
Imam Asngari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Effect

Indonesia has a significant and growing shortfall of housing. Existing supply is in poor condition and demand is rising for new units. Meanwhile, people's purchasing power to buy a house is still relatively low. Government overcomes added stock housing availability by collaborating with private developers to help meet the demand for housing needs. Islamic banks can provide funds to buy houses for the community. This study analyzes the effect of third-party fund (TPF), margin of homeownership financing (PPR), inflation, and household income on Islamic financing for homeownership. The analytical model used in this research is the ordinary least square with the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method in this study is used to see the relationship between the short-term and long-term effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The analytical tool used in this research is Econometric Views (EViews 10 Standard Edition for Windows). The study results show that in the short term, the TPF, PPR margin, inflation, and household income variables have a significant positive effect on homeownership financing in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The long term TPF, inflation, and household income variables have a significant positive effect on homeownership financing in Islamic banks in Indonesia, but the variable of PPR margin has a significant negative impact on sharia financing for homeownership.

Effect Of Debt Financing On Financial Performance Of Listed Non-Financial Firms In Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Philip Njau Kibunja ◽  
Olanrewaju Isola Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Study Results

This study sought to examine the effect of debt financing on the financial performance of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in the five-year period 2013 to 2017. Using a sample of 23 listed non-financial firms data was collected from published financial statements of the sampled firms and analysed statistical using the panel data regression method. The independent variables were short-term, medium term and long-term debt while the explained variable was return on equity. Three control variables, firm size, sales growth and growth opportunities, were included and considered as having an effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.  The study results observed that medium-term debt had a negative and statistical significant relationship with return on equity. Long-term debt had a positive but statistically insignificant relationship while short-term debt had a negative relationship with return on equity.

The effect of low concentrations of sodium on potassium uptake and growth of wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Box ◽  
Daniel P. Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Na Uptake

Sodium is a beneficial mineral for some plant species when external concentrations are low. The role of Na+ in energising K+ acquisition in terrestrial plants has recently been suggested because of evidence demonstrating that wheat root cells express a high-affinity Na+-energised K+ symporter. To determine whether low concentrations of Na+ improve the K+ nutrition and growth of wheat, long-term growth and short-term tracer flux experiments were conducted. Long-term growth experiments were conducted over a range of K+ concentrations, at acidic and alkaline pH, with and without 500 µM NaCl. Plant biomass and tissue Na+ and K+ content was measured. Short-term experi-ments were conducted using tracers to determine whether low concentrations of Na+ or K+ stimulate Rb+ or Na+ uptake, respectively. Sodium stimulated the growth of wheat only at low (20 µM) external K+ in one of the long-term experiments, but not in two other experiments. Na+ did not stimulate Rb+ uptake, but K+ stimulated Na+ uptake in short-term tracer flux experiments. The results suggest that low concentrations of Na+ do not increase K+ uptake to a large extent, and only when light levels are low does Na+ have a beneficial effect on the growth of wheat.

Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Farmland Soil with Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Song ◽  
Hui Ying Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Cd Removal

A field study was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil utilizing the Cd hyperaccumulator Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. during one growing season (about two months) on farmland in the long-term and representative wastewater irrigation area in Northeast China. Results showed that Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. had a relatively high biomass. Planting density had a significant effect on the plant biomass and on overall Cd phytoextration efficiency. The addition of organic manure promoted the growth of Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. but inhibited the Cd removal. The Cd removal efficiency of Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. can reach 14.46 mg/m2 during one growing season, and it can be expected to achieve a higher Cd removal of the year by enhancing the planting batches. The research in this paper provided the model and technical demonstration for the large-scale phytoremediation of Cd contaminated farmland soils.

Proposal of an endpoint for a phase III clinical study of essential thrombocythemia: Balancing between short term effects and long term benefits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7055-7055
Author(s):  
Ruben A. Mesa ◽  
Craig Zimmerman ◽  
Lih Lisa Kang ◽  
Albert Qin ◽  
Chungwei Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Baseline Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Study Results

7055 Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), covering broad spectrum of clinical scenarios, from asymptomatic patients with only isolated high platelets to highly morbid patients in late stage disease. Due to heterogenous patient population, designing clinical studies in ET is difficult, and after anagrelide there was no new drug approval to treat ET during the past 15 years, thus, high unmet medical to treat patients with ET remains. Interferons alpha (IFNa) are known to have beneficial effects in MPN (Kiladjian et al, 2016). P1101 is a next generation monopegylated IFNa, developed specifically to treat MPNs, including ET. Methods: External published clinical data in ET were analyzed to design optimal clinical study. Proposed endpoints are meant to cover all relevant clinical aspects of ET, and suffice for a regulatory relevant pivotal clinical study. Results: Composite primary endpoint scale is based on modified ELN criteria. Short term study endpoints should have clinical meaningfulness at time of measurement but also predict the later outcomes. The scale consists of: normalization of platelets (<400 G/L) and leukocytes (<9.5 G/L); normalization in size or non-progression of palpable spleen; lack of major cardiovascular event during the observation period; and improvement of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score (MPN-SAF TSS). MPN-SAF TSS is a 10 items questionnaire, allowing concise, valid, and accurate assessment of MPN symptom burden over time (Emanuel et al, 2012). For TSS-10 score, to qualify for response, following rules were elaborated: 10 points or higher reduction for patients with baseline score of ≥20, for patients with baseline score 15-19 – 5 points reduction, baseline scores 10-14 – reduction below 10 points, and for TSS baseline score <10 – stay <10. Bone marrow analysis is not to be a mandatory test for assessment of overall benefit of therapy. Extensive genetic workup is planned to document any change in observed genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, including level of circulating mutant CALR. This would allow for objective evaluation of IFNa’s ability to modify the disease. Long term observation, going beyond the 12 month of initial observation, is planned. Conclusions: Authors conclude that proposed endpoint scale covers well all clinically relevant aspects of ET, in order to make clinically relevant conclusions on durable benefits and risks of P1101 therapy.

Effects of Microbial Biomineralization Surface Erosion Control Treatments on Vegetation and Revegetation along Highways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1040
Author(s):  
Tasha M. Hodges ◽  
Bret N. Lingwall
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Burned Soil ◽  
Ash Layer

Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been widely studied in laboratories to test changes to soil strength and density. Rarely studied is the biogeotechnology’s influence on real-world conditions. Consideration for the natural environment coexisting with treated soil is important, particularly vegetative responses to biochemical and physical changes from treatments. In this factorial designed study, vegetative response from one-time biochemical surficial treatments is observed in four soil growth mediums: two variants burned soil, unburned side slope construction soil, and Ottawa sand. Treatment objectives are to create a light crust that provides short-term erosion control, protects concurrently applied seeds and provides a beneficial plant environment (BPE). The crust creates a BPE through increased soil water retention and shear soil strength allowing better root and plant stability. An overly dense crust prevents root penetration and is avoided because established root systems are crucial in long-term erosion control. This study successfully created such a crust in all soil types treated. Also studied were influences of solution components on germination rates. Component influence proved highly dependent on soil type as calcium chloride inclusion was highly detrimental to seedling success in clean sand, somewhat detrimental to burned soil with ash layer, insignificant in unburned soil, and beneficial to burned soil without ash layer. These results give an indication of the complex biochemical soil reactions occurring from MICP treatment. This study gives evidence that a one-time application of a seeded biochemical solution has real-world potential as a balanced short-term and long-term erosion control technology for burned and construction soils.

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