scholarly journals In-row Distances and Nitrogen Fertilization Programs for ‘Tasti-Lee’ Specialty Tomato

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
Maricruz Ramírez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total N ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates

‘Tasti-Lee’™ (‘Fla. 8153’) is the first tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) released in Florida exclusively for the premium specialty market, with characteristic superior flavor and elevated lycopene concentration. Research was conducted to determine the appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization and in-row distances for ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato and thus improving the opportunities for successful adoption for this cultivar. Three N fertilization programs and two in-row distances were tested. Total N rates (204, 239, and 274 lb/acre) were the result of the combination of 50 lb/acre of N during prebedding plus each of the following drip-applied N fertilization programs: 1) 1.5 and 2.0 lb/acre per day from 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively; 2) 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT; and 3) 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively. In-row distances were 18 or 24 inches between plants, providing 5808 and 4356 plants/acre. Early and total marketable yields of ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato were influenced by in-row distances and N fertilization programs, but not by their interaction. The highest early marketable fruit yield was found in plots treated with the highest N rate among fertilization programs (+6%), and in plots planted 18 inches apart (+7%) in comparison with the lowest N rate and the 24-inch spacing. Tomato plots treated with the highest N rate (274 lb/acre) resulted in the largest total marketable yield (+8%). Among the in-row distances, when plants were transplanted 18 inches apart, tomato total marketable yield increased by 18% compared with 24 inches between plants.

scholarly journals Optimizing N Fertilization to Improve Yield, Technological and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Grown in High Fertility Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alfonso Pentangelo ◽  
Mario Parisi
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Rates

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.

scholarly journals Relationships of Nitrogenous Compounds in Petiole Sap of Tomato to Nitrogen Fertilization and the Value of these Compounds as a Predictor of Yield

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Andersen ◽  
Fred M. Rhoads ◽  
Steven M. Olson ◽  
Brent V. Brodbeck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total N ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Total Amino Acids

`Colonial' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were grown on raised beds with black polyethylene mulch, drip irrigation, and preplant-N rates of 0, 67, 134, 202, or 269 kg·ha-1. Petiole sap was collected 7 and 13 weeks after transplanting. Concentrations of NO3-N, free amino acids, total amino acids, and total-N (the sum of NO3-N and amino acid-N) were examined as functions of the rate of N fertilization. Also, each of these compounds was used as an independent variable as a predictor of fruit yield. Seven weeks after planting, the concentrations of NO3-N and 15 of 18 of the free amino acids were correlated with the rate of N fertilization, but concentrations of bound or total amino acids were not. The amount of NO3-N accounted for 37% of the total-N in the 0 kg·ha-1 treatment, and up to 83% in the 202 kg·ha-1 treatment. NO3-N was highly correlated with total-N for both nonhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed sap (R2 = 0.98). Thirteen weeks after transplanting, neither the concentration of NO3-N nor that of amino acids, other than asparagine, glutamine, and proline, were significantly related to the rate of N fertilization. On both dates, concentrations of glutamine plus glutamic acid were correlated with rate of N fertilization whether expressed as absolute values or as percentage values. N fertilization rate and the concentration of NO3-N or total-N were related to total fruit yield (R2 = 0.69 to 0.74), and marketable fruit yield (R2 = 0.78 to 0.82). N-fertilization rate and petiole sap concentrations of NO3-N or total-N were also correlated with the N contained in total or marketable yield. Petiole sap variables measured 13 weeks after transplanting were not significantly correlated with fruit yield or the quantity of N contained in the fruit. Free, bound, or total amino acids in petiole sap were not as well correlated with fruit yield parameters as were N-fertilization rate, NO3-N, or total-N in petiole sap.

scholarly journals Bolting, Yield, and Bulb Decay of Sweet Onion as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Albert C. Purvis ◽  
J. Thad Paulk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
N Rates

Bolting causes significant economic losses in sweet onion (Allium cepa L.) production. Although temperature and photoperiod are considered to be the main factors that initiate bolting in onions, preliminary results suggested that low N fertilization rates increased bolting. The objective of our study was to determine the relationships of bolting, yield and bulb decay with N fertilization rates. The N fertilization rates applied ranged from the infraoptimal to the supraoptimal (from 102 to 302 kg·ha-1 N). Shoot and bulb N content increased with increasing N rates, but there were no differences in the respective shoot and bulb N contents among cultivars. Bolting incidence declined steadily with increasing N fertilization rates up to 197 kg·ha-1 N. Bolting incidence was among the highest in the cultivar Pegasus. The percent of decayed bulbs also increased at a steady rate with the rate of N applied. Total (14.7 t·ha-1) and marketable (0.8 t·ha-1) yields at the lowest N rate (102 kg·ha-1 N) were lower (P ≤ 0.01) than those at higher N rates. Rates of N ≥145 kg·ha-1 had no significant effect on either total (mean = 33.6 t·ha-1) or marketable (mean = 21.6 t·ha-1) yields. Losses in marketable yield were primarily a combination of bolting and bulb decay and were minimized at 162 kg·ha-1 N. Yield losses at low N rates were mostly due to bolting while yield losses at high N rates were mostly due to decay. Thus, excess applications of N fertilizer should be avoided since they have little effect on yields or bolting but they increase bulb decay.

scholarly journals Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: III. Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1370-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Richard W. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
N Rates

Research was conducted to develop a cultural system that would permit a destructive mechanical okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] harvest. Okra grown at a highly dense (HD) plant population of 25 × 23 cm and destructively harvested by machine was compared with control plants spaced at 90 × 23 cm and repeatedly and non-destructively harvested by hand. The control N fertilization regime was 45 kg·ha-1 of N preplant, followed by one or two topdressings, each with 22 kg·ha-1 of N. Treatments applied to HD plots were designed to be multiples of the control N fertilization levels. Preplant fertilizer was added such that the sum of residual soil N plus the added fertilizer would total to 45, 90, or 135 kg·ha-1 of N for the standard, intermediate, and highest rates, respectively. Topdressing rates were 22, 44, or 66 kg·ha-1 of N for standard, intermediate, and highest, respectively. Topdressing was timed to follow a mechanical harvest of the HD plots. Since there was only one mechanical harvest in the two 1995 studies, topdress N treatments did not affect yields from mechanical harvest in that year. Nitrogen treatments had few effects on fruit yield per hectare of HD okra, even when stem N concentrations equaled or exceeded those of control plants. The highest N rate tended to delay fruit production. Increasing N rates did not affect the marketable fruit yield obtained by mechanical harvest of HD plants expressed as a percentage of the total cumulative marketable fruit yield from control plants. Physiological factors appear to be limiting the potential for densely planted okra in a destructive mechanical harvest system rather than horticultural factors such as N nutrition.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on fruit yield and quality of processing tomatoes

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Processing Tomato

Four processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (CC337, H9230, H9492 and H9553) were field-grown in southwestern Ontario using five N fertilization rates in each of 4 yr (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1 in 2000, 2001 and 2002). Total fruit yield increased linearly as N rate was increased except in 2001, which was a dry year. Responses of marketable yield to fertilizer N rate were dependent on cultivar and the year. In years when sufficient soil water was available, N fertilizer rates of 200 kg ha-1 or higher were required to produce the maximum marketable yield for the four cultivars. In the dryer years, the response to fertilizer N rate was cultivar dependent, and the application of 150 to 200 kg N ha-1 was sufficient to maximize marketable yield. Fertilizer N above the rate required for maximum marketable yield increased green fruit yield at harvest. Nitrogen rate did not affect the soluble solids (SS) content, firmness, size or colour of marketable fruit. Differences in yield and fruit quality were noted among cultivars. H9553 was the highest-yielding cultivar. H9230 had the largest fruit size. CC337 generally had the best red fruit colour and the lowest percent SS. H9492 generally had the highest percent SS. To attain maximum marketable yields, it appears that N rates should be adjusted based on cultivars, anticipated rainfall levels and availability of irrigation. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, processing tomato, nitrogen fertilization, yield, quality

scholarly journals Fruit yield and composition in orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' in response to nitrogen fertilization in Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
◽  
Cesar Cella ◽  
Alcione Miotto ◽  
Eduardo Girotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Little is known about the impact of N fertilization on fruit production and composition in orange groves grown in soils with low or medium organic matter content in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This study aimed to evaluate how N fertilization of orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' in a sandy soil may interfere in fruit yield and composition of fruit and juice. The experiment was conducted with orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' growing in Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil, in Rosário do Sul (RS). The plants received applications of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160kg N ha-1. Total N in leaves, number of fruits per plant, yield, fresh weight, fruit diameter, peel thickness, percentage of fruit juice, peel color, juice color, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity were evaluated in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 crops. In the first crop, especially yield, number of fruits per plant, TSS content in fruit juice and ratio decreased with increasing N rate applied. However, in the second crop, the total titratable acidity of the fruit juice prominently increased with the dose of N applied. In both crops, results were highly influenced by rainfall distribution, which affect the plant physiology, soil N dynamics and, consequently, probability of response to N applied and the loss of mineral N in the soil.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF CITRUS CONVERTED FROM FLOOD TO A PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 639a-639
Author(s):  
B.R. Gardner ◽  
R.L. Roth ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
N Rates

A study was conducted during four seasons to evaluate the nutrient requirements of `Valencia' oranges converted from flood to a pressurized spray irrigation system. The experiment was a 3×2×2 factorial with 3 N rates (0.34, 0.68, and 1.36 kg/tree/year), 2 P rates (0 and 0.11 kg/tree/year) and with and without added micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu). There were no growth or yield responses to micronutrients. Phosphorus fertilization increased fruit yield, improved juice quality, and reduced peel thickness. There were trends for N to reduce juice quality and increase peel thickness when P fertilizer was not added. Tree growth increased by N fertilization only the first season after conversion. Fruit yield also increased by N but only when P was added. Leaf tissue N concentrations increased with time during the first two years within N treatments. These data suggest that the higher rates of N may only be needed initially after conversion as the tree roots adapt to the new irrigation system.

scholarly journals DENSELY PLANTED OKRA FOR DESTRUCTIVE HARVEST

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438a-438
Author(s):  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
John B. Solie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Plant Arrangement ◽  
Marketable Fruit

We are developing a mechanical harvest system for okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Our objective was to identify a high-density (HD) plant arrangement and a harvest timing that would maximize marketable fruit yield per hectare with a destructive harvest. We compared destructively harvested plants grown at spacings of (in cm) 15 × 15, 23 × 23, and 30 × 30 with hand-harvested plants grown at 90 × 23 cm. Within HD treatments, marketable fruit weight increased inconsistently as plant density increased. The 30 × 30-cm spacing was not dense enough. Branching decreased and the position of the first marketable fruit attachment moved up as plant density increased. Delaying destructive harvest until many over-mature fruit were present often did not increase marketable fruit yield and always reduced the proportion of total harvested fruit weight due to marketable fruit. Overall, percentages of marketable yield obtained by destructive harvests of HD plants were low compared to the cumulative marketable yield from control plants. However, the labor-saving potential was high. A prototype machine for harvest of HD okra has been developed, and further testing is planned.

scholarly journals Produtividade de tomate orgânico cultivado em diferentes ambientes e níveis de insumos

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Gisley Karoline Emerick Bitancourt Alves ◽  
Antônio Carlos Simões ◽  
Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira ◽  
Sebastião Elviro Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ecological Farming ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Fruit Mass

A importância alimentar do tomate orgânico aliado a sua baixa produção na Amazônia e a necessidade de baixo uso de insumos para seu cultivo ecológico o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de tomate orgânico cultivado em campo e ambiente protegido com alto e baixo nível de insumos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em ambiente protegido e campo, ambos no delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 3, sendo a parcela principal composta por dois níveis de insumos e a subparcela pelas cultivares copa (Santa Kruz Kada, IPA 6 e Santa Clara), com cinco repetições de cinco plantas cada. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa média de frutos total e comercial (g fruto-1), número de frutos total e comercial por planta, produtividade total e comercial de frutos (kg ha-1). A cultivar IPA 6 em cultivo protegido exigiu maior uso de insumos para aumentar a massa média de fruto total e comercial, produtividade total e comercial, em campo pode se utilizar baixo nível de insumo. O alto uso de insumos é necessário para aumentar a produtividade total e comercial para a cv. Santa Clara em cultivo à campo, ambiente que também necessita de alto uso de insumos para aumentar a massa média de fruto total e comercial a produtividade comercial da cultivar Santa Kruz. Productivity of organic tomato grown in different environments and levels of inputsAbstract: The importance of organic tomato feed associated with their low production in the Amazon and the need for low input to its ecological farming the objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of organic tomato cultivars grown in field and greenhouse with high and low level inputs. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions, both in randomized complete block design comprising plots subdivided into subplots. The plots encompassed of two levels of inputs, while the subplots contained the (Santa Kruz Kada, 6 and IPA Santa Clara), with five replicates of five plants each. The variables evaluated were: total fruit mass and marketable fruit mass (g fruit-1), number of total and marketable fruit per plant, total and marketable fruit yield (kg ha-1). The cultivar IPA 6 in greenhouse demanded greater use of inputs to increase the total and marketable fruit mass, total and marketable yield in field can be used for low level input. The high use of inputs is necessary to increase the total and marketable yield for cv. Santa Clara in the growing field, environment which also requires high use of inputs to increase the total and marketable fruit mass, marketable fruit yield of cultivar Santa Kruz.

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