scholarly journals Saltgrass Clones' Spike Production Affected by Sampling Time, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Burning

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Rukavina ◽  
Harrison G. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Production Management ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Flower Production

Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) has received increased attention as a result of its low input needs. A good understanding of the factors that influence greater flower production in saltgrass clones would facilitate seed production management and hybridization in the breeding program. Therefore, the influence of sampling time from the field, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and burning on flowering spike production of five saltgrass clones from three cold-hardiness zones were evaluated over 2 years. Clones were sampled from the field at two times (August and November) in the first and at three times (August, November, and January) in the second experimental year. After field sampling, clones were transferred to the greenhouse and received N and burning treatments. N fertilization increased number of spikes (flowering) for all saltgrass clones by ≈30% in both experimental years. In the second experimental year, the number of spikes was increased to a greater extent when N was applied in combination with burning treatment as compared with N without burning. The burning treatment had a greater effect on the number of spikes in plants sampled in August as compared with those sampled in November and January. Sampling in November increased flowering in three clones as compared with August sampling, but with the greatest effect in clone A1540. Sampling in January further increased the number of spikes in clones 1490 and A1610 but with no significant effect on the number of spikes in clone A1540. Environmental adaptation associated with origin of saltgrass clones is a major factor that influences flowering spike production.

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND MECHANICAL STUBBLE REMOVAL ON SEED PRODUCTION OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS IN MANITOBA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. THOMPSON ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Panicle Weight

Three field experiments were performed to determine the effects of fall nitrogen fertilization and post-harvest mechanical stubble removal (to 2.5 cm) on seed yield in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ’Nugget’). In all experiments, N fertilization and stubble removal increased seed yield. Increases were greater in a 3-yr-old than in a 5-yr-old stand. Nitrogen fertilization increased panicle density, panicle weight, shoot height and straw yield. Stubble removal increased panicle density, reduced panicle weight, shoot height, and straw yield and increased harvest index.Key words: Nitrogen, stubble removal, seed, Kentucky bluegrass

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis of Algerian Saharan Maize Populations (Zea mays L.) for Tolerance to No-Nitrogen Fertilization and Drought

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Meriem Riache ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Base Material ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Populations

Drought and low nitrogen are major stresses for maize (Zea mays L.), and maize populations from the Sahara Desert are potential sources of stress tolerance. The objectives were to assess the tolerance and varietal and heterosis effects of Algerian populations under no-nitrogen fertilization and water stress. A diallel among six Algerian maize population was evaluated under drought (300 mm irrigation) vs. control (600 mm) and no-nitrogen fertilization vs. 120 kh ha−1 N fertilization. Genotypes showed significant differences and genetic effects for water- and nitrogen-stress tolerance. We propose a reciprocal recurrent selection to take advantage of additive and non-additive effects, using AOR and IGS, since they showed good performance in optimum and stress conditions, for improving yield heterosis for AOR × IGS. Negative effects are not expected on plant height, anthesis–silking interval or early vigor. These populations and BAH could be sources of inbred lines tolerant to drought and no-nitrogen fertilization. There was no relationship between origin and genetic group and stress tolerance per se or as parents of tolerant crosses. These populations and crosses could be used as base material among Algerian populations, for breeding programs focusing on tolerance to water or nitrogen stress.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Medina-Cuéllar ◽  
Deli N. Tirado-González ◽  
Marcos Portillo-Vázquez ◽  
Sergio Orozco-Cirilo ◽  
Marco A. López-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quadratic Models

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R2 = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R2 = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production.

scholarly journals Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Janusz Prusiński ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Magdalena Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

scholarly journals Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Anibal de Moraes ◽  
Adelino Pelissari ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Oilseed Radish

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freyman ◽  
P. M. Toivonen ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
P. W. Perrin ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

Early stage variable rate nitrogen fertilization of silage maize driven by multi-temporal clustering of archive satellite data

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Casa ◽  
F. Pelosi ◽  
S. Pascucci ◽  
F. Fontana ◽  
F. Castaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Multi Temporal

Nitrogen fertilization of silage maize in Central Italy is typically carried out with two applications at early stages of crop development: 2nd (V2) and 6th (V6) leaf respectively. In such conditions, the crop has not yet fully covered the soil and proximal or remote sensing of the canopy is hindered by the strong soil background signal. There is thus great interest in rapid and inexpensive approaches to N fertilization prescription. Therefore, an indirect method for inferring information on yield potential and soil variability, through a field-based clustering of multi-temporal satellite data, has been developed using archive Landsat images to identify temporally constant patterns. This method is potentially useful for the creation of prescription maps. The usefulness of the method was evaluated during an N fertilisation field trial in Maccarese (Central Italy), in 2016. At the V2 stage, both uniform and variable rate applications were performed and compared. A pseudo-cross variogram and a standardized ordinary co-kriging methodology was used to highlight spatially variable significant differences among the treatments.

scholarly journals Less is More? Basil Growth and Flowering under Below-Recommended Nitrogen Fertilization Rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Rhodes ◽  
Juang-Horng Chong
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Selection Of

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an herb commonly used as a flavoring additive for food. Its cultivation requires the selection of an adequate fertilization level that results in the greatest crop yield. This study evaluated the effects of four sub-recommended nitrogen fertilization levels [0, 21, 48 and 91 ppm N (mg·L−1 nitrogen)] on basil (cv. ‘Dark Opal’) growth, flower production, time of flowering, and leaf and stem N and C contents. The nitrogen fertilization level closest to the optimal rate (91 ppm N) produced plants with greater canopy weights, and more plants flowered than at the lower fertilization levels. However, plants fertilized at 21 ppm N were 14.7% taller and had about the same number of fully expanded leaves and branches, but with more flower clusters, than plants fertilized at 91 ppm N at 56 days after the initiation of the fertilization treatments. Growers may benefit from a lower-than-recommended nitrogen fertilization level (21 ppm N), which produced plants with more flowering clusters per flower head and with just as many leaves as higher nitrogen fertilization levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Fall Fertilization on Freeze Resistance of Deciduous Versus Evergreen Azaleas

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Frank P. Henning ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Moderate Rate

Abstract Plants that maintain their leaves throughout winter may respond differently to fall fertilization than deciduous plants. The effects of fall fertilization on cold hardiness, nutrient uptake, growth and flower production of evergreen versus deciduous azaleas were studied. Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet and R. × satsuki ‘Wakaebisu’ were grown in containers, outdoors in Athens, GA, under three fall fertigation regimes applied daily as 0.5 liter (0.13 gal) solutions containing: 1) 75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29, 2) 75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through November 28, and 3) 125 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through November 28. Stem freeze resistance was analyzed monthly November through March. Growth of azaleas that received 120 days of extended fertigation (August 1 through November 28) was not increased compared to azaleas that received 60 days of extended fertigation (August 1 through September 29). Growth of the two taxa did not differ in their response to fertilization treatments. The high rate of extended fertilization 125 mg·liter−1 N (from August 1 through November 28) reduced stem freeze resistance November through February, while the moderate rate of extended fertilization (75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through November 28) reduced azalea freeze resistance in December. Fall fertilization regimes did not produce differences in the timing of cold acclimation, or deacclimation of R. canescens and R. × satsuki. The high rate of extended fertilization promoted early budbreak of R. × satsuki and postponed flower budbreak of R. canescens. Flower production of R. canescens was not affected by fall fertilization, but the high rate of extended fertilization increased flower production of R. × satsuki compared to plants that received the moderate rate of fertilization 75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29.

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