scholarly journals Repelling Animals from Crops Using Plant Extracts

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Ries ◽  
Rebecca Baughan ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair ◽  
Robert Schutzki
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Better Than

Several plant species that are not consumed by animals were collected, extracted with organic solvents, and tested at different venues for their effectiveness as animal feeding repellents. Species with the most repellent activity were daffodil (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), bearded iris (Iris sp.), hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens), catnip (Nepeta cataria) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). Considerable effort was expended to isolate and identify compounds from these species responsible for repellent activity. Eight chemicals have been isolated and purified, and four of them have been identified. Both daffodil and catnip contain more than one repellent, but none of the four compounds identified were common to both species. Combinations of extracts from more than one plant species proved to have more repellent activity than extracts from individual species used alone. In several tests these plant extracts proved to be as effective or better than available commercial repellents. A plethora of additives and surfactants were tested to increase repellent activity by enhancing the spreading, penetration or persistence of the extracts.

Therapeutic efficacy of some extracts of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) and Sumac seeds (Rhus coriaria) on the growth of some isolated dermatophytes species

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sara Omran ◽  
Abdulghani Alsamarai ◽  
Firas Razzzaq
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dermatology Clinic

Background: Fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases with difficulty in their treatment approach. The present efficient drugs for fungal infection are limited. Aim: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts as alternative antifungal agents. Materials and methods: 100 clinical samples [68 from female and 32 from male] were collected during the period from March to July 2017 from subjects attending Dermatology Clinic in Salah Uldean General Hospital. Fungal infection was diagnosed with using KOH wet preparation. Fungal species identified by using conventional approach. The active ingredients existing in the plant extracts were detected and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative detection technique of chemical compounds using a high performance liquid chromatographic device (HPLC). Agar diffusion method was used to determine antifungal activity of plant extracts. Results: Direct microscopic examination showed that there were (75%) positive samples, while culture shows (67%) positive samples. The isolated dermatophytes belong to Epidermophyoton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton genus. The predominant dermatophytes were T. rubrum (25%) species. The highest frequency of infection was in the age group of 11-20 years. The sensitivity of the tested fungi to the aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts varies. Alcoholic extract of the hot pepper plant was more effective as antifungal than the aqueous extract of the same plant. However, aqueous hot pepper extracts was more effective against T. mentagrophyte than that of alcoholic extract. Additionally, alcoholic Sumac extract shows higher efficacy that aqueous extract. Conclusion: Hot pepper and Sumac extracts show antifungal activity against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophyte.

scholarly journals Application of Polypodiopsida Class in Nanotechnology–Potential towards Development of More Effective Bioactive Solutions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierascu ◽  
Camelia Ungureanu ◽  
Oana Alexandra Draghiceanu ◽  
Liliana Cristina Soare
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Common Plant Species

The area of phytosynthesized nanomaterials is rapidly developing, with numerous studies being published yearly. The use of plant extracts is an alternative method to reduce the toxic potential of the nanomaterials and the interest in obtaining phytosynthesized nanoparticles is usually directed towards accessible and common plant species, ferns not being explored to their real potential in this field. The developed nanoparticles could benefit from their superior antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (compared with the nanoparticles obtained by other routes), thus proposing an important alternative against health care-associated and drug-resistant infections, as well as in other types of applications. The present review aims to summarize the explored application of ferns in nanotechnology and related areas, as well as the current bottlenecks and future perspectives, as emerging from the literature data.

Using summed individual species models and state-of-the-art modelling techniques to identify threatened plant species hotspots

2009 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miia Parviainen ◽  
Mathieu Marmion ◽  
Miska Luoto ◽  
Wilfried Thuiller ◽  
Risto K. Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Threatened Plant ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Modelling Techniques

scholarly journals A Review of the Toxicity and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Herbalists in Treating People Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anywar ◽  
E. Kakudidi ◽  
R. Byamukama ◽  
J. Mukonzo ◽  
A. Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Despite concerns about toxicity, potentially harmful effects and herb-drug interactions, the use of herbal medicines remains widely practiced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda.Objective: The objective of the paper was to comprehensively review the literature on the toxicity and chemical composition of commonly used medicinal plant species in treating PLHIV in Uganda.Methods: We reviewed relevant articles and books published over the last sixty years on ethnobotany, antiviral/anti-HIV activity, toxicity, phytochemistry of Vachellia hockii, Albizia coriaria, Bridelia micrantha, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Erythrina abyssinica, Gardenia ternifolia, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Psorospermum febrifugium, Securidaca longipendunculata, Warburgia ugandensis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum and their synonyms. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Discussion: Most of the plant species reviewed apart from P. febrifugium, S. longipedunculata and C. sanguinolenta lacked detailed phytochemical analyses as well as the quantification and characterization of their constituents. Crude plant extracts were the most commonly used. However, purified/single component extracts from different plant parts were also used in some studies. The U87 human glioblastoma was the most commonly used cell line. Water, ethanol, methanol and DMSO were the commonest solvents used. In some instances, isolated purified compounds/extracts such as Cryptolepine and Psorospermin were used.Conclusion: Cytotoxicity varied with cell type, solvent and extract type used making it difficult for direct comparison of the plant species. Five of the eleven plant species namely, A. coriaria, C. sanguinolenta, G. ternifolia, P. febrifugium and Z. chalybeum had no cytotoxicity studies in animal models. For the remaining six plant species, the crude aqueous and ethanol extracts were mainly used in acute oral toxicity studies in mice. Herbalists reported only A. coriaria and W. ugandensis to cause toxic side effects in humans. However, selective cytotoxic plant extracts can potentially be beneficial as anticancer or anti-tumour drugs.

Insecticidal and repellent activity of Clausena dentata (Rutaceae) plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraju Ramkumar ◽  
Sengodan Karthi ◽  
Ranganathan Muthusamy ◽  
Devarajan Natarajan ◽  
Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Repellent Activity

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Abou-Fakhr Hammad ◽  
M. Akkary ◽  
N. Saliba ◽  
M. Farran ◽  
S. Talhouk
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Forty two methanol extracts and 12 aqueous extracts of 29 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their acaricidal bioactivity against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae adults at the laboratory. Fourteen methanol plant extracts caused significant mortality in mites. This is the first report for the potential effect on survival of mites for 27 tested endemic plant species. Methanol whole plant extracts (WPEs) of Lotus carmeli, Alchemilla diademata, Eryngium deserlorum and aqueous fruit extracts (FrEs) of Melia azedarach caused toxic effects against the adult mites in the range of 41-46% mortality. The methanol WPE of L. carmeli and the aqueous FrE of M. azedarach (1:5) caused the highest mite mortality of 43.55% and 45.55%, respectively and each was used as reference sample for potential acaricidal activity in the methanol and aqueous treatment groups. The latter extract was not significantly different in its effect from aqueous extracts of M. azedarach leaf extract (LE) and Achillea damascena WPE. Methanol extracts of Salvia rubifolia flowers and Calendula palestina FrE were found to be more active against the adult mite than their extracts of other plant parts as leaves and flowers, respectively. The former two extracts, flower extracts of Anthemis scariosa, Echinops gaillardoti, Nepeta curviflora, and Ranunculus cuneatus, leaves and stems extract of An. scariosa and WPEs of Melissa inodora, Ranunuculus myosuroides, Origanum libanoticum and Ac. damascena were found to be comparable in their acaricidal activity to that of the whole plant extract of L. carmeli. Thus, these bioactive extracts of some local plant species can cause toxicity to adult T. urticae mites and consequently could be an alternative control for mite pests.

Assessment of Bentazon Tolerance in Pepper (Capsicumsp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Breeding Techniques ◽  
Better Than

Preliminary evaluation of 11 pepper genotypes indicated a high degree of variability in bentazon tolerance. ‘Bohemian Chile’ and ‘Santanka’ hot pepper tolerated bentazon similarly in subsequent greenhouse and field experiments. Yields or shoot fresh weights of these two cultivars were not reduced by up to 9.0 kg ai/ha bentazon in the field. ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ sweet pepper was more susceptible to bentazon compared to the tolerant cultivars, but it was more tolerant than the highly susceptible cultivar, ‘Sweet Banana’. An F1hybrid of Keystone Resistant Giant and Santanka tolerated bentazon better than Keystone Resistant Giant but slightly less than Santanka. Thus, bentazon tolerance in this genotype is genetically transferrable, and increasing bentazon tolerance through conventional plant breeding techniques may be possible.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera) on Flowering Herbs in Cracow, Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Sobolewska Anna
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Thrips Species

Biodiversity of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera) on Flowering Herbs in Cracow, PolandThrips specimens were collected from 2004 to 2006 from the Herb Collection of the Faculty of Horticulture, the Agricultural University in Cracow, Poland and from 2006 to 2008 from the Botanical Garden in Cracow, Poland. We collected 16,058 adult thrips belonging to 22 Thysanoptera taxa from the flowers and inflorescences of 37 species of herbs from both of the collections. Thrips species composition infesting the flowers and inflorescences of herbs were very similar and not dependent on the plant species and the area of research. Only the participation of particular species differed. The prevailing polyphagous species connected with flowers were:Thrips fuscipennis, Thrips flavus, Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips albopilosusandThrips major. Also, a high number ofThrips tabaciand random species connected with grass as well as predatory speciesAeolothripswere found. The flowers ofSalvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Nepeta catariaandArnica montanawere the most numerously infested by adult thrips.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

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